Toll-like receptor 4

Details

Name
Toll-like receptor 4
Synonyms
  • hToll
Gene Name
TLR4
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0004795|Toll-like receptor 4
MMSASRLAGTLIPAMAFLSCVRPESWEPCVEVVPNITYQCMELNFYKIPDNLPFSTKNLD
LSFNPLRHLGSYSFFSFPELQVLDLSRCEIQTIEDGAYQSLSHLSTLILTGNPIQSLALG
AFSGLSSLQKLVAVETNLASLENFPIGHLKTLKELNVAHNLIQSFKLPEYFSNLTNLEHL
DLSSNKIQSIYCTDLRVLHQMPLLNLSLDLSLNPMNFIQPGAFKEIRLHKLTLRNNFDSL
NVMKTCIQGLAGLEVHRLVLGEFRNEGNLEKFDKSALEGLCNLTIEEFRLAYLDYYLDDI
IDLFNCLTNVSSFSLVSVTIERVKDFSYNFGWQHLELVNCKFGQFPTLKLKSLKRLTFTS
NKGGNAFSEVDLPSLEFLDLSRNGLSFKGCCSQSDFGTTSLKYLDLSFNGVITMSSNFLG
LEQLEHLDFQHSNLKQMSEFSVFLSLRNLIYLDISHTHTRVAFNGIFNGLSSLEVLKMAG
NSFQENFLPDIFTELRNLTFLDLSQCQLEQLSPTAFNSLSSLQVLNMSHNNFFSLDTFPY
KCLNSLQVLDYSLNHIMTSKKQELQHFPSSLAFLNLTQNDFACTCEHQSFLQWIKDQRQL
LVEVERMECATPSDKQGMPVLSLNITCQMNKTIIGVSVLSVLVVSVVAVLVYKFYFHLML
LAGCIKYGRGENIYDAFVIYSSQDEDWVRNELVKNLEEGVPPFQLCLHYRDFIPGVAIAA
NIIHEGFHKSRKVIVVVSQHFIQSRWCIFEYEIAQTWQFLSSRAGIIFIVLQKVEKTLLR
QQVELYRLLSRNTYLEWEDSVLGRHIFWRRLRKALLDGKSWNPEGTVGTGCNWQEATSI
Number of residues
839
Molecular Weight
95679.19
Theoretical pI
6.26
GO Classification
Functions
lipopolysaccharide binding / lipopolysaccharide receptor activity / receptor activity / transmembrane signaling receptor activity
Processes
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway / activation of MAPK activity / apoptotic process / B cell proliferation involved in immune response / cellular response to lipopolysaccharide / cellular response to lipoteichoic acid / cellular response to mechanical stimulus / defense response to bacterium / defense response to Gram-negative bacterium / detection of fungus / detection of lipopolysaccharide / extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway / I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling / I-kappaB phosphorylation / immune response / innate immune response / interferon-gamma production / interleukin-1 beta secretion / intestinal epithelial structure maintenance / lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway / macrophage activation / MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway / MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway / negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade / negative regulation of interferon-gamma production / negative regulation of interleukin-17 production / negative regulation of interleukin-23 production / negative regulation of interleukin-6 production / negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation / negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production / nitric oxide production involved in inflammatory response / positive regulation of B cell proliferation / positive regulation of chemokine production / positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade / positive regulation of gene expression / positive regulation of inflammatory response / positive regulation of interferon-alpha production / positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process / positive regulation of interferon-beta production / positive regulation of interferon-gamma production / positive regulation of interleukin-1 production / positive regulation of interleukin-10 production / positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process / positive regulation of interleukin-12 production / positive regulation of interleukin-6 production / positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process / positive regulation of interleukin-8 production / positive regulation of JNK cascade / positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production / positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process / positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus / positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity / positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process / positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process / positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly / positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway / positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway / positive regulation of platelet activation / positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter / positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process / positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production / programmed cell death / regulation of cytokine secretion / regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production / response to lipopolysaccharide / T-helper 1 type immune response / toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway / toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway / toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway / toll-like receptor signaling pathway / toll-like receptor TLR1 / toll-like receptor TLR6 / TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Components
cell surface / cytoplasm / endosome membrane / external side of plasma membrane / integral component of plasma membrane / intrinsic component of plasma membrane / lipopolysaccharide receptor complex / perinuclear region of cytoplasm / plasma membrane
General Function
Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
Specific Function
Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed:9237759, PubMed:10835634). Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate, and Ni(2+). Responses triggered by Ni(2+) require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific (PubMed:20711192). In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding to CD36. This event induces the formation of a heterodimer of TLR4 and TLR6, which is rapidly internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to the NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion. Binds electronegative LDL (LDL(-)) and mediates the cytokine release induced by LDL(-) (PubMed:23880187).
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
632-652
Cellular Location
Cell membrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0020616|Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)
ATGGAGCTGAATTTCTACAAAATCCCCGACAACCTCCCCTTCTCAACCAAGAACCTGGAC
CTGAGCTTTAATCCCCTGAGGCATTTAGGCAGCTATAGCTTCTTCAGTTTCCCAGAACTG
CAGGTGCTGGATTTATCCAGGTGTGAAATCCAGACAATTGAAGATGGGGCATATCAGAGC
CTAAGCCACCTCTCTACCTTAATATTGACAGGAAACCCCATCCAGAGTTTAGCCCTGGGA
GCCTTTTCTGGACTATCAAGTTTACAGAAGCTGGTGGCTGTGGAGACAAATCTAGCATCT
CTAGAGAACTTCCCCATTGGACATCTCAAAACTTTGAAAGAACTTAATGTGGCTCACAAT
CTTATCCAATCTTTCAAATTACCTGAGTATTTTTCTAATCTGACCAATCTAGAGCACTTG
GACCTTTCCAGCAACAAGATTCAAAGTATTTATTGCACAGACTTGCGGGTTCTACATCAA
ATGCCCCTACTCAATCTCTCTTTAGACCTGTCCCTGAACCCTATGAACTTTATCCAACCA
GGTGCATTTAAAGAAATTAGGCTTCATAAGCTGACTTTAAGAAATAATTTTGATAGTTTA
AATGTAATGAAAACTTGTATTCAAGGTCTGGCTGGTTTAGAAGTCCATCGTTTGGTTCTG
GGAGAATTTAGAAATGAAGGAAACTTGGAAAAGTTTGACAAATCTGCTCTAGAGGGCCTG
TGCAATTTGACCATTGAAGAATTCCGATTAGCATACTTAGACTACTACCTCGATGATATT
ATTGACTTATTTAATTGTTTGACAAATGTTTCTTCATTTTCCCTGGTGAGTGTGACTATT
GAAAGGGTAAAAGACTTTTCTTATAATTTCGGATGGCAACATTTAGAATTAGTTAACTGT
AAATTTGGACAGTTTCCCACATTGAAACTCAAATCTCTCAAAAGGCTTACTTTCACTTCC
AACAAAGGTGGGAATGCTTTTTCAGAAGTTGATCTACCAAGCCTTGAGTTTCTAGATCTC
AGTAGAAATGGCTTGAGTTTCAAAGGTTGCTGTTCTCAAAGTGATTTTGGGACAACCAGC
CTAAAGTATTTAGATCTGAGCTTCAATGGTGTTATTACCATGAGTTCAAACTTCTTGGGC
TTAGAACAACTAGAACATCTGGATTTCCAGCATTCCAATTTGAAACAAATGAGTGAGTTT
TCAGTATTCCTATCACTCAGAAACCTCATTTACCTTGACATTTCTCATACTCACACCAGA
GTTGCTTTCAATGGCATCTTCAATGGCTTGTCCAGTCTCGAAGTCTTGAAAATGGCTGGC
AATTCTTTCCAGGAAAACTTCCTTCCAGATATCTTCACAGAGCTGAGAAACTTGACCTTC
CTGGACCTCTCTCAGTGTCAACTGGAGCAGTTGTCTCCAACAGCATTTAACTCACTCTCC
AGTCTTCAGGTACTAAATATGAGCCACAACAACTTCTTTTCATTGGATACGTTTCCTTAT
AAGTGTCTGAACTCCCTCCAGGTTCTTGATTACAGTCTCAATCACATAATGACTTCCAAA
AAACAGGAACTACAGCATTTTCCAAGTAGTCTAGCTTTCTTAAATCTTACTCAGAATGAC
TTTGCTTGTACTTGTGAACACCAGAGTTTCCTGCAATGGATCAAGGACCAGAGGCAGCTC
TTGGTGGAAGTTGAACGAATGGAATGTGCAACACCTTCAGATAAGCAGGGCATGCCTGTG
CTGAGTTTGAATATCACCTGTCAGATGAATAAGACCATCATTGGTGTGTCGGTCCTCAGT
GTGCTTGTAGTATCTGTTGTAGCAGTTCTGGTCTATAAGTTCTATTTTCACCTGATGCTT
CTTGCTGGCTGCATAAAGTATGGTAGAGGTGAAAACATCTATGATGCCTTTGTTATCTAC
TCAAGCCAGGATGAGGACTGGGTAAGGAATGAGCTAGTAAAGAATTTAGAAGAAGGGGTG
CCTCCATTTCAGCTCTGCCTTCACTACAGAGACTTTATTCCCGGTGTGGCCATTGCTGCC
AACATCATCCATGAAGGTTTCCATAAAAGCCGAAAGGTGATTGTTGTGGTGTCCCAGCAC
TTCATCCAGAGCCGCTGGTGTATCTTTGAATATGAGATTGCTCAGACCTGGCAGTTTCTG
AGCAGTCGTGCTGGTATCATCTTCATTGTCCTGCAGAAGGTGGAGAAGACCCTGCTCAGG
CAGCAGGTGGAGCTGTACCGCCTTCTCAGCAGGAACACTTACCTGGAGTGGGAGGACAGT
GTCCTGGGGCGGCACATCTTCTGGAGACGACTCAGAAAAGCCCTGCTGGATGGTAAATCA
TGGAATCCAGAAGGAACAGTGGGTACAGGATGCAATTGGCAGGAAGCAACATCTATCTGA
Chromosome Location
9
Locus
9q32-q33
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDO00206
UniProtKB Entry NameTLR4_HUMAN
GenBank Gene IDU93091
GenAtlas IDTLR4
HGNC IDHGNC:11850
General References
  1. Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA Jr: A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature. 1997 Jul 24;388(6640):394-7. [Article]
  2. Rock FL, Hardiman G, Timans JC, Kastelein RA, Bazan JF: A family of human receptors structurally related to Drosophila Toll. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jan 20;95(2):588-93. [Article]
  3. Smirnova I, Poltorak A, Chan EK, McBride C, Beutler B: Phylogenetic variation and polymorphism at the toll-like receptor 4 locus (TLR4). Genome Biol. 2000;1(1):RESEARCH002. Epub 2000 Apr 27. [Article]
  4. Arbour NC, Lorenz E, Schutte BC, Zabner J, Kline JN, Jones M, Frees K, Watt JL, Schwartz DA: TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans. Nat Genet. 2000 Jun;25(2):187-91. [Article]
  5. Nakajima T, Ohtani H, Satta Y, Uno Y, Akari H, Ishida T, Kimura A: Natural selection in the TLR-related genes in the course of primate evolution. Immunogenetics. 2008 Dec;60(12):727-35. doi: 10.1007/s00251-008-0332-0. Epub 2008 Sep 23. [Article]
  6. Georgel P, Macquin C, Bahram S: The heterogeneous allelic repertoire of human toll-like receptor (TLR) genes. PLoS One. 2009 Nov 17;4(11):e7803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007803. [Article]
  7. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
  8. Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. [Article]
  9. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  10. Zhang Z, Henzel WJ: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. Protein Sci. 2004 Oct;13(10):2819-24. Epub 2004 Aug 31. [Article]
  11. Xu Y, Tao X, Shen B, Horng T, Medzhitov R, Manley JL, Tong L: Structural basis for signal transduction by the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domains. Nature. 2000 Nov 2;408(6808):111-5. [Article]
  12. da Silva Correia J, Soldau K, Christen U, Tobias PS, Ulevitch RJ: Lipopolysaccharide is in close proximity to each of the proteins in its membrane receptor complex. transfer from CD14 to TLR4 and MD-2. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 15;276(24):21129-35. Epub 2001 Mar 26. [Article]
  13. da Silva Correia J, Ulevitch RJ: MD-2 and TLR4 N-linked glycosylations are important for a functional lipopolysaccharide receptor. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 18;277(3):1845-54. Epub 2001 Nov 12. [Article]
  14. Oshiumi H, Sasai M, Shida K, Fujita T, Matsumoto M, Seya T: TIR-containing adapter molecule (TICAM)-2, a bridging adapter recruiting to toll-like receptor 4 TICAM-1 that induces interferon-beta. J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 12;278(50):49751-62. Epub 2003 Sep 30. [Article]
  15. Park HS, Jung HY, Park EY, Kim J, Lee WJ, Bae YS: Cutting edge: direct interaction of TLR4 with NAD(P)H oxidase 4 isozyme is essential for lipopolysaccharide-induced production of reactive oxygen species and activation of NF-kappa B. J Immunol. 2004 Sep 15;173(6):3589-93. [Article]
  16. Kim F, Pham M, Luttrell I, Bannerman DD, Tupper J, Thaler J, Hawn TR, Raines EW, Schwartz MW: Toll-like receptor-4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity. Circ Res. 2007 Jun 8;100(11):1589-96. Epub 2007 May 3. [Article]
  17. Liu B, Yang Y, Qiu Z, Staron M, Hong F, Li Y, Wu S, Li Y, Hao B, Bona R, Han D, Li Z: Folding of Toll-like receptors by the HSP90 paralogue gp96 requires a substrate-specific cochaperone. Nat Commun. 2010 Sep 21;1:79. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1070. [Article]
  18. Stewart CR, Stuart LM, Wilkinson K, van Gils JM, Deng J, Halle A, Rayner KJ, Boyer L, Zhong R, Frazier WA, Lacy-Hulbert A, El Khoury J, Golenbock DT, Moore KJ: CD36 ligands promote sterile inflammation through assembly of a Toll-like receptor 4 and 6 heterodimer. Nat Immunol. 2010 Feb;11(2):155-61. doi: 10.1038/ni.1836. Epub 2009 Dec 27. [Article]
  19. Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Muller V, Vogl T, Fejer G, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Kalis C, Nielsen PJ, Galanos C, Roth J, Skerra A, Martin SF, Freudenberg MA, Goebeler M: Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel. Nat Immunol. 2010 Sep;11(9):814-9. doi: 10.1038/ni.1919. Epub 2010 Aug 15. [Article]
  20. Seit-Nebi A, Cheng W, Xu H, Han J: MLK4 has negative effect on TLR4 signaling. Cell Mol Immunol. 2012 Jan;9(1):27-33. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2011.15. Epub 2011 May 23. [Article]
  21. Estruch M, Bancells C, Beloki L, Sanchez-Quesada JL, Ordonez-Llanos J, Benitez S: CD14 and TLR4 mediate cytokine release promoted by electronegative LDL in monocytes. Atherosclerosis. 2013 Aug;229(2):356-62. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.05.011. Epub 2013 May 18. [Article]
  22. Hu YH, Zhang Y, Jiang LQ, Wang S, Lei CQ, Sun MS, Shu HB, Liu Y: WDFY1 mediates TLR3/4 signaling by recruiting TRIF. EMBO Rep. 2015 Apr;16(4):447-55. doi: 10.15252/embr.201439637. Epub 2015 Mar 3. [Article]
  23. Kim HM, Park BS, Kim JI, Kim SE, Lee J, Oh SC, Enkhbayar P, Matsushima N, Lee H, Yoo OJ, Lee JO: Crystal structure of the TLR4-MD-2 complex with bound endotoxin antagonist Eritoran. Cell. 2007 Sep 7;130(5):906-17. [Article]
  24. Park BS, Song DH, Kim HM, Choi BS, Lee H, Lee JO: The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex. Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1191-5. doi: 10.1038/nature07830. Epub 2009 Mar 1. [Article]
  25. Han J, Kim HJ, Lee SC, Hong S, Park K, Jeon YH, Kim D, Cheong HK, Kim HS: Structure-based rational design of a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) decoy receptor with high binding affinity for a target protein. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e30929. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030929. Epub 2012 Feb 17. [Article]
  26. Smirnova I, Hamblin MT, McBride C, Beutler B, Di Rienzo A: Excess of rare amino acid polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor 4 in humans. Genetics. 2001 Aug;158(4):1657-64. [Article]
  27. Zareparsi S, Buraczynska M, Branham KE, Shah S, Eng D, Li M, Pawar H, Yashar BM, Moroi SE, Lichter PR, Petty HR, Richards JE, Abecasis GR, Elner VM, Swaroop A: Toll-like receptor 4 variant D299G is associated with susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Jun 1;14(11):1449-55. Epub 2005 Apr 13. [Article]
  28. Cromer MK, Choi M, Nelson-Williams C, Fonseca AL, Kunstman JW, Korah RM, Overton JD, Mane S, Kenney B, Malchoff CD, Stalberg P, Akerstrom G, Westin G, Hellman P, Carling T, Bjorklund P, Lifton RP: Neomorphic effects of recurrent somatic mutations in Yin Yang 1 in insulin-producing adenomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Mar 31;112(13):4062-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1503696112. Epub 2015 Mar 18. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB04933EritoraninvestigationalunknownDetails
DB05475GolotimodinvestigationalunknownDetails
DB06447E5531investigationalunknownDetails
DB03017Lauric acidapproved, experimentalunknownDetails
DB02767(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08231Myristic acidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB01183Naloxoneapproved, vet_approvedunknowninhibitorDetails
DB13615Mifamurtideapproved, experimentalyesligandDetails
DB11193PapainapprovedunknownactivatorDetails
DB00924CyclobenzaprineapprovedunknowninhibitorDetails