Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial

Details

Name
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial
Synonyms
  • 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate-CoA lyase
  • 4.1.3.4
  • HL
Gene Name
HMGCL
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0006501|Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial
MAAMRKALPRRLVGLASLRAVSTSSMGTLPKRVKIVEVGPRDGLQNEKNIVSTPVKIKLI
DMLSEAGLSVIETTSFVSPKWVPQMGDHTEVLKGIQKFPGINYPVLTPNLKGFEAAVAAG
AKEVVIFGAASELFTKKNINCSIEESFQRFDAILKAAQSANISVRGYVSCALGCPYEGKI
SPAKVAEVTKKFYSMGCYEISLGDTIGVGTPGIMKDMLSAVMQEVPLAALAVHCHDTYGQ
ALANTLMALQMGVSVVDSSVAGLGGCPYAQGASGNLATEDLVYMLEGLGIHTGVNLQKLL
EAGNFICQALNRKTSSKVAQATCKL
Number of residues
325
Molecular Weight
34359.84
Theoretical pI
8.71
GO Classification
Functions
carboxylic acid binding / fatty-acyl-CoA binding / hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase activity / magnesium ion binding / manganese ion binding / metal ion binding / protein homodimerization activity / receptor binding
Processes
acyl-CoA metabolic process / cellular ketone body metabolic process / cellular lipid metabolic process / ketone body biosynthetic process / leucine catabolic process / liver development / mitochondrion organization / protein tetramerization / response to fatty acid / response to nutrient / response to starvation / small molecule metabolic process
Components
mitochondrial inner membrane / mitochondrial matrix / mitochondrion / peroxisome
General Function
Receptor binding
Specific Function
Key enzyme in ketogenesis (ketone body formation). Terminal step in leucine catabolism. Ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are essential as an alternative source of energy to glucose, as lipid precursors and as regulators of metabolism.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Mitochondrion matrix
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019402|Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial (HMGCL)
ATGGCAGCAATGAGGAAGGCGCTTCCGCGGCGACTGGTGGGCTTGGCGTCCCTCCGGGCT
GTCAGCACCTCATCTATGGGCACTTTACCAAAGCGGGTGAAAATTGTGGAAGTTGGTCCC
CGAGATGGACTACAAAATGAAAAGAATATCGTATCTACTCCAGTGAAAATCAAGCTGATA
GACATGCTTTCTGAAGCAGGACTCTCTGTTATAGAAACCACCAGCTTTGTGTCTCCTAAG
TGGGTTCCCCAGATGGGTGACCACACTGAAGTCTTGAAGGGCATTCAGAAGTTTCCTGGC
ATCAACTACCCAGTCCTGACCCCAAATTTGAAAGGCTTCGAGGCAGCGGTTGCTGCTGGA
GCCAAGGAAGTAGTCATCTTTGGAGCTGCCTCAGAGCTCTTCACCAAGAAGAACATCAAT
TGTTCCATAGAGGAGAGTTTTCAGAGGTTTGACGCAATCCTGAAGGCAGCGCAGTCAGCC
AATATTTCTGTGCGGGGGTACGTCTCCTGTGCTCTTGGCTGCCCTTATGAAGGGAAGATC
TCCCCAGCTAAAGTAGCTGAGGTCACCAAGAAGTTCTACTCAATGGGCTGCTACGAGATC
TCCCTGGGGGACACCATTGGTGTGGGCACCCCAGGGATCATGAAAGACATGCTATCTGCT
GTCATGCAGGAAGTGCCTCTGGCTGCCCTGGCTGTCCACTGCCATGACACCTATGGTCAA
GCCCTGGCCAACACCTTGATGGCCCTGCAGATGGGAGTGAGTGTCGTGGACTCTTCTGTG
GCAGGACTTGGAGGCTGTCCCTACGCACAGGGGGCATCAGGAAACTTGGCCACAGAAGAC
CTGGTCTACATGCTAGAGGGCTTGGGCATTCACACGGGTGTGAATCTCCAGAAGCTTCTG
GAAGCTGGAAACTTTATCTGTCAAGCCCTGAACAGAAAAACTAGCTCCAAAGTGGCTCAG
GCTACCTGTAAACTCTGA
Chromosome Location
1
Locus
1p36.1-p35
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP35914
UniProtKB Entry NameHMGCL_HUMAN
GenBank Gene IDL07033
GenAtlas IDHMGCL
HGNC IDHGNC:5005
General References
  1. Mitchell GA, Robert MF, Hruz PW, Wang S, Fontaine G, Behnke CE, Mende-Mueller LM, Schappert K, Lee C, Gibson KM, Miziorko HM, et al.: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase (HL). Cloning of human and chicken liver HL cDNAs and characterization of a mutation causing human HL deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 25;268(6):4376-81. [Article]
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  5. Wang SP, Robert MF, Gibson KM, Wanders RJ, Mitchell GA: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL): mouse and human HL gene (HMGCL) cloning and detection of large gene deletions in two unrelated HL-deficient patients. Genomics. 1996 Apr 1;33(1):99-104. [Article]
  6. Puisac B, Ramos M, Arnedo M, Menao S, Gil-Rodriguez MC, Teresa-Rodrigo ME, Pie A, de Karam JC, Wesselink JJ, Gimenez I, Ramos FJ, Casals N, Gomez-Puertas P, Hegardt FG, Pie J: Characterization of splice variants of the genes encoding human mitochondrial HMG-CoA lyase and HMG-CoA synthase, the main enzymes of the ketogenesis pathway. Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Apr;39(4):4777-85. doi: 10.1007/s11033-011-1270-8. Epub 2011 Sep 28. [Article]
  7. Ashmarina LI, Rusnak N, Miziorko HM, Mitchell GA: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase is present in mouse and human liver peroxisomes. J Biol Chem. 1994 Dec 16;269(50):31929-32. [Article]
  8. Holmes HC, Burns SP, Chalmers RA, Bain MS, Iles RA: Ketogenic flux from lipids and leucine, assessment in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase deficiency. Biochem Soc Trans. 1995 Aug;23(3):489S. [Article]
  9. Tuinstra RL, Burgner JW 2nd, Miziorko HM: Investigation of the oligomeric status of the peroxisomal isoform of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Dec 15;408(2):286-94. [Article]
  10. Tuinstra RL, Miziorko HM: Investigation of conserved acidic residues in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase: implications for human disease and for functional roles in a family of related proteins. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 26;278(39):37092-8. Epub 2003 Jul 21. [Article]
  11. Tuinstra RL, Wang CZ, Mitchell GA, Miziorko HM: Evaluation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase arginine-41 as a catalytic residue: use of acetyldithio-coenzyme A to monitor product enolization. Biochemistry. 2004 May 11;43(18):5287-95. [Article]
  12. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1175371. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [Article]
  13. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. [Article]
  14. Montgomery C, Pei Z, Watkins PA, Miziorko HM: Identification and characterization of an extramitochondrial human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase. J Biol Chem. 2012 Sep 28;287(40):33227-36. Epub 2012 Aug 3. [Article]
  15. Arnedo M, Menao S, Puisac B, Teresa-Rodrigo ME, Gil-Rodriguez MC, Lopez-Vinas E, Gomez-Puertas P, Casals N, Casale CH, Hegardt FG, Pie J: Characterization of a novel HMG-CoA lyase enzyme with a dual location in endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol. J Lipid Res. 2012 Oct;53(10):2046-56. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M025700. Epub 2012 Jul 30. [Article]
  16. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
  17. Vaca Jacome AS, Rabilloud T, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Rompais M, Ayoub D, Lane L, Bairoch A, Van Dorsselaer A, Carapito C: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. Proteomics. 2015 Jul;15(14):2519-24. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201400617. Epub 2015 Jun 8. [Article]
  18. Fu Z, Runquist JA, Forouhar F, Hussain M, Hunt JF, Miziorko HM, Kim JJ: Crystal structure of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase: insights into catalysis and the molecular basis for hydroxymethylglutaric aciduria. J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 17;281(11):7526-32. Epub 2005 Dec 5. [Article]
  19. Roberts JR, Mitchell GA, Miziorko HM: Modeling of a mutation responsible for human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency implicates histidine 233 as an active site residue. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 4;271(40):24604-9. [Article]
  20. Mitchell GA, Ozand PT, Robert MF, Ashmarina L, Roberts J, Gibson KM, Wanders RJ, Wang S, Chevalier I, Plochl E, Miziorko H: HMG CoA lyase deficiency: identification of five causal point mutations in codons 41 and 42, including a frequent Saudi Arabian mutation, R41Q. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Feb;62(2):295-300. [Article]
  21. Zapater N, Pie J, Lloberas J, Rolland MO, Leroux B, Vidailhet M, Divry P, Hegardt FG, Casals N: Two missense point mutations in different alleles in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase gene produce 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria in a French patient. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Oct 15;358(2):197-203. [Article]
  22. Muroi J, Yorifuji T, Uematsu A, Shigematsu Y, Onigata K, Maruyama H, Nobutoki T, Kitamura A, Nakahata T: Molecular and clinical analysis of Japanese patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL) deficiency. Hum Genet. 2000 Oct;107(4):320-6. [Article]
  23. Casals N, Gomez-Puertas P, Pie J, Mir C, Roca R, Puisac B, Aledo R, Clotet J, Menao S, Serra D, Asins G, Till J, Elias-Jones AC, Cresto JC, Chamoles NA, Abdenur JE, Mayatepek E, Besley G, Valencia A, Hegardt FG: Structural (betaalpha)8 TIM barrel model of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 1;278(31):29016-23. Epub 2003 May 13. [Article]
  24. Al-Sayed M, Imtiaz F, Alsmadi OA, Rashed MS, Meyer BF: Mutations underlying 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase deficiency in the Saudi population. BMC Med Genet. 2006 Dec 16;7:86. [Article]
  25. Mir C, Lopez-Vinas E, Aledo R, Puisac B, Rizzo C, Dionisi-Vici C, Deodato F, Pie J, Gomez-Puertas P, Hegardt FG, Casals N: A single-residue mutation, G203E, causes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria by occluding the substrate channel in the 3D structural model of HMG-CoA lyase. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006 Feb;29(1):64-70. [Article]
  26. Carrasco P, Menao S, Lopez-Vinas E, Santpere G, Clotet J, Sierra AY, Gratacos E, Puisac B, Gomez-Puertas P, Hegardt FG, Pie J, Casals N: C-terminal end and aminoacid Lys48 in HMG-CoA lyase are involved in substrate binding and enzyme activity. Mol Genet Metab. 2007 Jun;91(2):120-7. Epub 2007 Apr 24. [Article]
  27. Lin WD, Wang CH, Lai CC, Tsai Y, Wu JY, Chen CP, Tsai FJ: Molecular analysis of Taiwanese patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase deficiency. Clin Chim Acta. 2009 Mar;401(1-2):33-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.11.004. Epub 2008 Nov 12. [Article]
  28. Menao S, Lopez-Vinas E, Mir C, Puisac B, Gratacos E, Arnedo M, Carrasco P, Moreno S, Ramos M, Gil MC, Pie A, Ribes A, Perez-Cerda C, Ugarte M, Clayton PT, Korman SH, Serra D, Asins G, Ramos FJ, Gomez-Puertas P, Hegardt FG, Casals N, Pie J: Ten novel HMGCL mutations in 24 patients of different origin with 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaric aciduria. Hum Mutat. 2009 Mar;30(3):E520-9. doi: 10.1002/humu.20966. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB045943-hydroxyglutaric acidexperimentalunknownDetails