[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial

Details

Name
[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial
Synonyms
  • 2.7.11.2
  • PDH kinase 2
  • PDHK2
  • PDKII
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 2
Gene Name
PDK2
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0008259|[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial
MRWVWALLKNASLAGAPKYIEHFSKFSPSPLSMKQFLDFGSSNACEKTSFTFLRQELPVR
LANIMKEINLLPDRVLSTPSVQLVQSWYVQSLLDIMEFLDKDPEDHRTLSQFTDALVTIR
NRHNDVVPTMAQGVLEYKDTYGDDPVSNQNIQYFLDRFYLSRISIRMLINQHTLIFDGST
NPAHPKHIGSIDPNCNVSEVVKDAYDMAKLLCDKYYMASPDLEIQEINAANSKQPIHMVY
VPSHLYHMLFELFKNAMRATVESHESSLILPPIKVMVALGEEDLSIKMSDRGGGVPLRKI
ERLFSYMYSTAPTPQPGTGGTPLAGFGYGLPISRLYAKYFQGDLQLFSMEGFGTDAVIYL
KALSTDSVERLPVYNKSAWRHYQTIQEAGDWCVPSTEPKNTSTYRVS
Number of residues
407
Molecular Weight
46153.39
Theoretical pI
6.59
GO Classification
Functions
ATP binding / protein homodimerization activity / protein kinase activity / pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity
Processes
cellular metabolic process / cellular response to nutrient / cellular response to reactive oxygen species / glucose homeostasis / glucose metabolic process / insulin receptor signaling pathway / intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator / protein phosphorylation / pyruvate metabolic process / regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate / regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process / regulation of gluconeogenesis / regulation of glucose metabolic process / regulation of pH / small molecule metabolic process
Components
cytoplasm / mitochondrial matrix / mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex / mitochondrion / nucleoplasm
General Function
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity
Specific Function
Kinase that plays a key role in the regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis via phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits PDHA1 and PDHA2. This inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and thereby regulates metabolite flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, down-regulates aerobic respiration and inhibits the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A from pyruvate. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism. Mediates cellular responses to insulin. Plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels and in metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability. Via its regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, plays an important role in maintaining normal blood pH and in preventing the accumulation of ketone bodies under starvation. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and in resistance to apoptosis under oxidative stress. Plays a role in p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Mitochondrion matrix
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019562|[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial (PDK2)
ATGAAAGAGATCAACCTGCTTCCCGACCGAGTGCTGAGCACACCCTCCGTGCAGCTGGTG
CAGAGCTGGTATGTCCAGAGCCTCCTGGACATCATGGAGTTCCTGGACAAGGATCCCGAG
GACCATCGCACCCTGAGCCAGTTCACTGACGCCCTGGTCACCATCCGGAACCGGCACAAC
GACGTGGTGCCCACCATGGCACAAGGCGTGCTTGAGTACAAGGACACCTACGGCGATGAC
CCCGTCTCCAACCAGAACATCCAGTACTTCCTGGACCGCTTCTACCTCAGCCGCATCTCC
ATCCGCATGCTCATCAACCAGCACACCCTCATCTTTGATGGCAGCACCAACCCAGCCCAT
CCCAAACACATCGGCAGCATCGACCCCAACTGCAACGTCTCTGAGGTGGTCAAAGATGCC
TACGACATGGCTAAGCTCCTGTGTGACAAGTATTACATGGCCTCACCTGACCTGGAGATC
CAGGAGATCAATGCAGCCAACTCCAAACAGCCGATTCACATGGTCTACGTCCCCTCCCAC
CTCTACCACATGCTCTTTGAGCTCTTCAAGAATGCCATGAGGGCGACTGTGGAAAGCCAT
GAGTCCAGCCTCATTCTCCCACCCATCAAGGTCATGGTGGCCTTGGGTGAGGAAGATCTG
TCCATCAAGATGAGTGACCGAGGTGGGGGTGTTCCCTTGAGGAAGATTGAGCGACTCTTC
AGCTACATGTACTCCACAGCACCCACCCCCCAGCCTGGCACCGGGGGAACGCCGCTGGCT
GGCTTTGGTTATGGGCTCCCCATTTCCCGCCTCTACGCCAAGTACTTCCAGGGAGACCTG
CAGCTCTTCTCCATGGAAGGCTTTGGGACCGATGCTGTCATCTATCTCAAGGCCCTGTCC
ACGGACTCGGTGGAGCGCCTGCCTGTCTACAACAAGTCAGCCTGGCGCCACTACCAGACC
ATCCAGGAGGCCGGCGACTGGTGTGTGCCCAGCACGGAGCCCAAGAACACGTCCACGTAC
CGCGTCAGCTAA
Chromosome Location
17
Locus
17q21.33
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDQ15119
UniProtKB Entry NamePDK2_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID1088283
GenBank Gene IDL42451
HGNC IDHGNC:8810
General References
  1. Gudi R, Bowker-Kinley MM, Kedishvili NY, Zhao Y, Popov KM: Diversity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase gene family in humans. J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 1;270(48):28989-94. [Article]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
  3. Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, Sharpe T, Harrow J, Lupski JR, Nicholson C, Searle SM, Wilming L, Young SK, Abouelleil A, Allen NR, Bi W, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Bugalter BE, Butler J, Chang JL, Chen CK, Cook A, Corum B, Cuomo CA, de Jong PJ, DeCaprio D, Dewar K, FitzGerald M, Gilbert J, Gibson R, Gnerre S, Goldstein S, Grafham DV, Grocock R, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hart E, Norman CH, Humphray S, Jaffe DB, Jones M, Kamal M, Khodiyar VK, LaButti K, Laird G, Lehoczky J, Liu X, Lokyitsang T, Loveland J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews L, Mauceli E, McCarroll SA, Mihalev AH, Mudge J, Nguyen C, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Osoegawa K, Schwartz DC, Shaw-Smith C, Stankiewicz P, Steward C, Swarbreck D, Venkataraman V, Whittaker CA, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Bradley A, Hubbard T, Birren BW, Rogers J, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. Nature. 2006 Apr 20;440(7087):1045-9. [Article]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  5. Majer M, Popov KM, Harris RA, Bogardus C, Prochazka M: Insulin downregulates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) mRNA: potential mechanism contributing to increased lipid oxidation in insulin-resistant subjects. Mol Genet Metab. 1998 Oct;65(2):181-6. [Article]
  6. Hiromasa Y, Roche TE: Facilitated interaction between the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 2 and the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 5;278(36):33681-93. Epub 2003 Jun 18. [Article]
  7. Bao H, Kasten SA, Yan X, Roche TE: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 2 activity limited and further inhibited by slowing down the rate of dissociation of ADP. Biochemistry. 2004 Oct 26;43(42):13432-41. [Article]
  8. Hiromasa Y, Hu L, Roche TE: Ligand-induced effects on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 2. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 5;281(18):12568-79. Epub 2006 Mar 3. [Article]
  9. Bonnet S, Archer SL, Allalunis-Turner J, Haromy A, Beaulieu C, Thompson R, Lee CT, Lopaschuk GD, Puttagunta L, Bonnet S, Harry G, Hashimoto K, Porter CJ, Andrade MA, Thebaud B, Michelakis ED: A mitochondria-K+ channel axis is suppressed in cancer and its normalization promotes apoptosis and inhibits cancer growth. Cancer Cell. 2007 Jan;11(1):37-51. [Article]
  10. Degenhardt T, Saramaki A, Malinen M, Rieck M, Vaisanen S, Huotari A, Herzig KH, Muller R, Carlberg C: Three members of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase gene family are direct targets of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta. J Mol Biol. 2007 Sep 14;372(2):341-55. Epub 2007 Jul 19. [Article]
  11. Li J, Kato M, Chuang DT: Pivotal role of the C-terminal DW-motif in mediating inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 by dichloroacetate. J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 4;284(49):34458-67. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.065557. Epub 2009 Oct 15. [Article]
  12. Sun W, Chang SS, Fu Y, Liu Y, Califano JA: Chronic CSE treatment induces the growth of normal oral keratinocytes via PDK2 upregulation, increased glycolysis and HIF1alpha stabilization. PLoS One. 2011 Jan 19;6(1):e16207. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016207. [Article]
  13. Contractor T, Harris CR: p53 negatively regulates transcription of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase Pdk2. Cancer Res. 2012 Jan 15;72(2):560-7. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1215. Epub 2011 Nov 28. [Article]
  14. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
  15. Knoechel TR, Tucker AD, Robinson CM, Phillips C, Taylor W, Bungay PJ, Kasten SA, Roche TE, Brown DG: Regulatory roles of the N-terminal domain based on crystal structures of human pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 containing physiological and synthetic ligands. Biochemistry. 2006 Jan 17;45(2):402-15. [Article]
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Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB086084-({(2R,5S)-2,5-DIMETHYL-4-[(2R)-3,3,3-TRIFLUORO-2-HYDROXY-2-METHYLPROPANOYL]PIPERAZIN-1-YL}CARBONYL)BENZONITRILEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08609(2R)-N-{4-[Ethyl(phenyl)sulfamoyl]-2-methylphenyl}-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08610N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-2-{3-CHLORO-4-[(4-ISOPROPYLBENZYL)OXY]PHENYL} ACETAMIDEexperimentalunknownDetails