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Showing drug card for Triamcinolone (DB00620)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-02-19 16:04:29
Primary Accession Number DB00620
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00422
Name Triamcinolone
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739)
Synonyms
  1. Fluoxiprednisolone
  2. Fluoxyprednisolone
  3. Tiamcinolonum [INN-Latin]
  4. Triamcinalone
  5. Triamcinolona [INN-Spanish]
  6. Triamcinolone acetonide
  7. Triamcinolone diacetate
  8. Triamcinolone hexacetonide
  9. Triamcinolonum [INN]
Brand Names
  1. Adcortyl
  2. Aristocort
  3. Aristocort A
  4. Aristocort Tablets
  5. Aristogel
  6. Aristospan
  7. Azmacort
  8. Celeste
  9. Cinolone
  10. Cinolone-T
  11. Delphicort
  12. Flutex
  13. Fougera
  14. Kenacort
  15. Kenacort-A
  16. Kenacort-Ag
  17. Kenalog
  18. Kenalog in Orabase
  19. Kenalog-10
  20. Kenalog-40
  21. Kenalog-H
  22. Ledercort
  23. Nasacort
  24. Nasacort Aq
  25. Nasacort Hfa
  26. Omcilon
  27. Omicilon
  28. Oracort
  29. Oralone
  30. Orion
  31. Polcortolon
  32. Rodinolone
  33. Sk-Triamcinolone
  34. Tri-Nasal
  35. Triacet
  36. Triacort
  37. Triam-Tablinen
  38. Triamcet
  39. Triamcinlon
  40. Triamcinolon
  41. Triatex
  42. Tricortale
  43. Triderm
  44. Trilone
  45. Tristoject
  46. Trymex
  47. Vetalog
  48. Volon
  49. Volon A
Brand Mixtures
  1. Aristoform R Crm 0.1% (Clioquinol + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  2. Derma-4 Ont (Neomycin Sulfate + Nystatin + Thiostrepton (Antibiotic of a Streptomyces Species) + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  3. Kenacomb Cream (Gramicidin + Neomycin Sulfate + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  4. Kenacomb Mild Cream (Gramicidin + Neomycin Sulfate + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  5. Kenacomb Mild Ointment (Gramicidin + Neomycin Sulfate + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  6. Kenacomb Ointment (Gramicidin + Neomycin Sulfate + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  7. Kenacomb Ont (Gramicidin + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  8. Mecomb Crm 0.1% (Gramicidin + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  9. Oribiotic Ointment (Bacitracin + Lidocaine + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  10. Panolog Cream (Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Nystatin + Thiostrepton (Antibiotic of a Streptomyces Species) + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  11. Panolog Ointment (Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Nystatin + Thiostrepton (Antibiotic of a Streptomyces Species) + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  12. Ratio-Triacomb Regular Cream (Gramicidin + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  13. Solvaderm Ointment (Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Nystatin + Thiostrepton (Antibiotic of a Streptomyces Species) + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  14. Theraderm Cream (Gramicidin + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  15. Viaderm Kc Crm (Gramicidin + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
  16. Viaderm Kc Ont (Gramicidin + Neomycin (Neomycin Sulfate) + Nystatin + Triamcinolone Acetonide)
Chemical IUPAC Name (8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16R,17S)-9-fluoro-11,16,17-trihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Chemical Formula C21H27FO6
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 124-94-7
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C21H27FO6/c1-18-6-5-12(24)7-11(18)3-4-13-14-8-15(25)21(28,17(27)10-23)19(14,2)9-16(26)20(13,18)22/h5-7,13-16,23,25-26,28H,3-4,8-10H2,1-2H3/t13-,14-,15+,16-,18-,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1
InChI Key GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPBA
KEGG Drug D00385 Link Image
KEGG Compound Not Available
PubChem Compound 31307 Link Image
PubChem Substance 173366 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA451748 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02229540 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/triamaer.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/azm1044.shtml Link Image
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triamcinolone Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Fried et al., J. Am. Chem.. Soc. 80, 2338 (1958)
Average Molecular Weight 394.4339
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 394.1792
State Solid
Melting Point 274 - 278 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 80 mg/L Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 8.47e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 0.2 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 0.84 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS -3.69 [ADME Research, USCD]
Predicted LogS -2.67 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES C[C@]12C[C@H](O)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)[C@]2(O)C(=O)CO
Canonical SMILES CC12CC(O)C3(F)C(CCC4=CC(=O)C=CC34C)C1CC(O)C2(O)C(=O)CO
Drug Category
  • Adrenergic Agents
  • Anti-inflammatory Agents
  • Glucocorticoids
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 52:08.08
  • 68:04.00
  • 84:06.00
Indication For the treatment of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Pharmacology Triamcinolone and its derivatives are synthetic glucocorticoids that are used for their antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties.
Mechanism of Action The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition of arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding.
Absorption Rapid absorption following oral administration
Toxicity LD50=>500mg/kg (in rats)
Protein Binding 68%
Biotransformation Hepatic.
Half Life 88 minutes
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Aerosol, metered Nasal
Cream Topical
Liquid Intramuscular
Ointment Topical
Paste Dental
Spray Nasal
Suspension Intra-articular
Suspension Intramuscular
Suspension Intrasynovial
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Not Available
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effect
Ambenonium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterases
Amobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Anisindione The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effect
Aprobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Aspirin The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Bismuth Subsalicylate The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Butabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Butalbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Butethal The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Dicumarol The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effect
Dihydroquinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Edrophonium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterases
Ethotoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Fosphenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Heptabarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Hexobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Mephenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Methohexital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Methylphenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Midodrine Increased arterial pressure
Neostigmine The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterases
Pentobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Phenobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Phenytoin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Primidone The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Pyridostigmine The corticosteroid decreases the effect of anticholinesterases
Quinidine barbiturate The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Rifampin The enzyme inducer decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Salicylate-magnesium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Salicylate-sodium The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Salsalate The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Secobarbital The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Talbutal The barbiturate decreases the effect of the corticosteroid
Trisalicylate-choline The corticosteroid decreases the effect of salicylates
Warfarin The corticosteroid alters the anticoagulant effect
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Drugs.com Link Image
  2. Wikipedia Link Image
  3. RxList Link Image
  4. PDRhealth Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Targets
  1. Corticosteroid-binding globulin
  2. Annexin A1
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 232
Target 1 Name Corticosteroid-binding globulin
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. CBG
  2. Corticosteroid-binding globulin precursor
  3. Serpin A6
  4. Transcortin
Target 1 Gene Name SERPINA6
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Corticosteroid-binding globulin precursor 
MPLLLYTCLLWLPTSGLWTVQAMDPNAAYVNMSNHHRGLASANVDFAFSLYKHLVALSPK
KNIFISPVSISMALAMLSLGTCGHTRAQLLQGLGFNLTERSETEIHQGFQHLHQLFAKSD
TSLEMTMGNALFLDGSLELLESFSADIKHYYESEVLAMNFQDWATASRQINSYVKNKTQG
KIVDLFSGLDSPAILVLVNYIFFKGTWTQPFDLASTREENFYVDETTVVKVPMMLQSSTI
SYLHDSELPCQLVQMNYVGNGTVFFILPDKGKMNTVIAALSRDTINRWSAGLTSSQVDLY
IPKVTISGVYDLGDVLEEMGIADLFTNQANFSRITQDAQLKSSKVVHKAVLQLNEEGVDT
AGSTGVTLNLTSKPIILRFNQPFIIMIFDHFTWSSLFLARVMNPV
Target 1 Number of Residues 411
Target 1 Molecular Weight 45141
Target 1 Theoretical pI 5.94
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
enzyme regulator activity
enzyme inhibitor activity
protease inhibitor activity
endopeptidase inhibitor activity
serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 1 General Function Involved in serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Target 1 Specific Function Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • 1-22
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 179971 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08185 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CBG_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Secreted protein
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1218 bp 
ATGCCACTCCTCCTGTACACCTGTCTTCTCTGGCTGCCCACCAGCGGCCTCTGGACCGTC
CAGGCCATGGATCCTAACGCTGCTTATGTGAACATGAGTAACCATCACCGGGGCCTGGCT
TCAGCCAACGTTGACTTTGCCTTCAGCCTGTATAAGCACCTAGTGGCCTTGAGTCCCAAA
AAGAACATTTTCATCTCCCCTGTGAGCATCTCCATGGCCTTAGCTATGCTGTCCCTGGGC
ACCTGTGGCCACACACGGGCCCAGCTTCTCCAGGGCCTGGGTTTCAACCTCACTGAGAGG
TCTGAGACTGAGATCCACCAGGGTTTCCAGCACCTGCACCAACTCTTTGCAAAGTCAGAC
ACCAGCTTAGAAATGACTATGGGCAATGCCTTGTTTCTTGATGGCAGCCTGGAGTTGCTG
GAGTCATTCTCAGCAGACATCAAGCACTACTATGAGTCAGAGGTCTTGGCTATGAATTTC
CAGGACTGGGCAACAGCCAGCAGACAGATCAACAGCTATGTCAAGAATAAGACACAGGGG
AAAATTGTCGACTTGTTTTCAGGGCTGGATAGCCCAGCCATCCTCGTCCTGGTCAACTAT
ATCTTCTTCAAAGGCACATGGACACAGCCCTTTGACCTGGCAAGCACCAGGGAGGAGAAC
TTCTATGTGGACGAGACAACTGTGGTGAAGGTGCCCATGATGTTGCAGTCGAGCACCATC
AGTTACCTTCATGACTCAGAGCTCCCCTGCCAGCTGGTGCAGATGAACTACGTGGGCAAT
GGGACTGTCTTCTTCATCCTTCCGGACAAGGGGAAGATGAACACAGTCATCGCTGCACTG
AGCCGGGACACGATTAACAGGTGGTCCGCAGGCCTGACCAGCAGCCAGGTGGACCTGTAC
ATTCCAAAGGTCACCATCTCTGGAGTCTATGACCTTGGAGATGTGCTGGAGGAAATGGGC
ATTGCAGACTTGTTCACCAACCAGGCAAATTTCTCACGCATCACCCAGGACGCCCAGCTG
AAGTCATCAAAGGTGGTCCATAAAGCTGTGCTGCAACTCAATGAGGAGGGTGTGGACACA
GCTGGCTCCACTGGGGTCACCCTAAACCTGACGTCCAAGCCTATCATCTTGCGTTTCAAC
CAGCCCTTCATCATCATGATCTTCGACCACTTCACCTGGAGCAGCCTTTTCCTGGCGAGG
GTTATGAACCCAGTGTAA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID SERPINA6 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID SERPINA6 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:1540 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 14
Target 1 Locus 14q32.1
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Emptoz-Bonneton A, Cousin P, Seguchi K, Avvakumov GV, Bully C, Hammond GL, Pugeat M: Novel human corticosteroid-binding globulin variant with low cortisol-binding affinity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jan;85(1):361-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Smith CL, Power SG, Hammond GL: A Leu----His substitution at residue 93 in human corticosteroid binding globulin results in reduced affinity for cortisol. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1992 Aug;42(7):671-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Hammond GL, Smith CL, Goping IS, Underhill DA, Harley MJ, Reventos J, Musto NA, Gunsalus GL, Bardin CW: Primary structure of human corticosteroid binding globulin, deduced from hepatic and pulmonary cDNAs, exhibits homology with serine protease inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(15):5153-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Kato EA, Hsu BR, Kuhn RW: Comparative structural analyses of corticosteroid binding globulin. J Steroid Biochem. 1988 Feb;29(2):213-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Bardin CW, Gunsalus GL, Musto NA, Cheng CY, Reventos J, Smith C, Underhill DA, Hammond G: Corticosteroid binding globulin, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin, and androgen binding protein belong to protein families distinct from steroid receptors. J Steroid Biochem. 1988;30(1-6):131-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Van Baelen H, Power SG, Hammond GL: Decreased cortisol-binding affinity of transcortin Leuven is associated with an amino acid substitution at residue-93. Steroids. 1993 Jun;58(6):275-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Groyer A, Le Bouc Y, Joab I, Radanyi C, Renoir JM, Robel P, Baulieu EE: Chick oviduct glucocorticosteroid receptor. Specific binding of the synthetic steroid RU 486 and immunological studies with antibodies to chick oviduct progesterone receptor. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Jun 3;149(2):445-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Eisen HJ: An antiserum to the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3893-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Svec F, Harrison RW: Conditions affecting AtT-20 cell glucocorticoid uptake. Steroids. 1981 Feb;37(2):143-56. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 469
Target 2 Name Annexin A1
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. Annexin I
  2. Calpactin II
  3. Chromobindin-9
  4. Lipocortin I
  5. Phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein
  6. p35
Target 2 Gene Name ANXA1
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Annexin A1 
AMVSEFLKQAWFIENEEQEYVQTVKSSKGGPGSAVSPYPTFNPSSDVAALHKAIMVKGVD
EATIIDILTKRNNAQRQQIKAAYLQETGKPLDETLKKALTGHLEEVVLALLKTPAQFDAD
ELRAAMKGLGTDEDTLIEILASRTNKEIRDINRVYREELKRDLAKDITSDTSGDFRNALL
SLAKGDRSEDFGVNEDLADSDARALYEAGERRKGTDVNVFNTILTTRSYPQLRRVFQKYT
KYSKHDMNKVLDLELKGDIEKCLTAIVKCATSKPAFFAEKLHQAMKGVGTRHKALIRIMV
SRSEIDMNDIKAFYQKMYGISLCQAILDETKGDYEKILVALCGGN
Target 2 Number of Residues 350
Target 2 Molecular Weight 38583
Target 2 Theoretical pI 7.04
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
enzyme regulator activity
enzyme inhibitor activity
phospholipase inhibitor activity
lipid binding
phospholipid binding
calcium-dependent phospholipid binding
binding
ion binding
cation binding
calcium ion binding
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 2 General Function Involved in calcium ion binding
Target 2 Specific Function Calcium/phospholipid-binding protein which promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. This protein regulates phospholipase A2 activity. It seems to bind from two to four calcium ions with high affinity
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 12654863 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P04083 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ANXA1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Target 2 Gene Sequence >1041 bp 
ATGGCAATGGTATCAGAATTCCTCAAGCAGGCCTGGTTTATTGAAAATGAAGAGCAGGAA
TATGTTCAAACTGTGAAGTCATCCAAAGGTGGTCCCGGATCAGCGGTGAGCCCCTATCCT
ACCTTCAATCCATCCTCGGATGTCGCTGCCTTGCATAAGGCCATAATGGTTAAAGGTGTG
GATGAAGCAACCATCATTGACATTCTAACTAAGCGAAACAATGCACAGCGTCAACAGATC
AAAGCAGCATATCTCCAGGAAACAGGAAAGCCCCTGGATGAAACACTTAAGAAAGCCCTT
ACAGGTCACCTTGAGGAGGTTGTTTTAGCTCTGCTAAAAACTCCAGCGCAATTTGATGCT
GATGAACTTCGTGCTGCCATGAAGGGCCTTGGAACTGATGAAGATACTCTAATTGAGATT
TTGGCATCAAGAACTAACAAAGAAATCAGAGACATTAACAGGGTCTACAGAGAGGAACTG
AAGAGAGATCTGGCCAAAGACATAACCTCAGACACATCTGGAGATTTTCGGAACGCTTTG
CTTTCTCTTGCTAAGGGTGACCGATCTGAGGACTTTGGTGTGAATGAAGACTTGGCTGAT
TCAGATGCCAGGGCCTTGTATGAAGCAGGAGAAAGGAGAAAGGGGACAGACGTAAACGTG
TTCAATACCATCCTTACCACCAGAAGCTATCCACAACTTCGCAGAGTGTTTCAGAAATAC
ACCAAGTACAGTAAGCATGACATGAACAAAGTTCTGGACCTGGAGTTGAAAGGTGACATT
GAGAAATGCCTCACAGCTATCGTGAAGTGCGCCACAAGCAAACCAGCTTTCTTTGCAGAG
AAGCTTCATCAAGCCATGAAAGGTGTTGGAACTCGCCATAAGGCATTGATCAGGATTATG
GTTTCCCGTTCTGAAATTGACATGAATGATATCAAAGCATTCTATCAGAAGATGTATGGT
ATCTCCCTTTGCCAAGCCATCCTGGATGAAACCAAAGGAGATTATGAGAAAATCCTGGTG
GCTCTTTGTGGAGGAAACTAA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID ANXA1 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID ANXA1 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:533 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 9
Target 2 Locus 9q12-q21.2|9q12-q21.2
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Kovacic RT, Tizard R, Cate RL, Frey AZ, Wallner BP: Correlation of gene and protein structure of rat and human lipocortin I. Biochemistry. 1991 Sep 17;30(37):9015-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Varticovski L, Chahwala SB, Whitman M, Cantley L, Schindler D, Chow EP, Sinclair LK, Pepinsky RB: Location of sites in human lipocortin I that are phosphorylated by protein tyrosine kinases and protein kinases A and C. Biochemistry. 1988 May 17;27(10):3682-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Pepinsky RB, Sinclair LK, Chow EP, O'Brine-Greco B: A dimeric form of lipocortin-1 in human placenta. Biochem J. 1989 Oct 1;263(1):97-103. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Wallner BP, Mattaliano RJ, Hession C, Cate RL, Tizard R, Sinclair LK, Foeller C, Chow EP, Browing JL, Ramachandran KL, et al.: Cloning and expression of human lipocortin, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Nature. 1986 Mar 6-12;320(6057):77-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Biemann K, Scoble HA: Characterization by tandem mass spectrometry of structural modifications in proteins. Science. 1987 Aug 28;237(4818):992-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Arcone R, Arpaia G, Ruoppolo M, Malorni A, Pucci P, Marino G, Ialenti A, Di Rosa M, Ciliberto G: Structural characterization of a biologically active human lipocortin 1 expressed in Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jan 15;211(1-2):347-55. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Weng X, Luecke H, Song IS, Kang DS, Kim SH, Huber R: Crystal structure of human annexin I at 2.5 A resolution. Protein Sci. 1993 Mar;2(3):448-58. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gao J, Li Y, Yan H: NMR solution structure of domain 1 of human annexin I shows an autonomous folding unit. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 29;274(5):2971-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.