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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-02-19 16:03:55
Primary Accession Number DB00254
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00597
Name Doxycycline
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Investigational
  • Small Molecule
Description A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. Animal studies suggest that it may cause less tooth staining than other tetracyclines. It is used in some areas for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria (malaria, falciparum). [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Doxcycline anhydrous
  2. Doxycycline Hyclate
  3. Doxycycline Monohydrate
  4. Doxytetracycline
Brand Names
  1. Alti-Doxycycline
  2. Apo-Doxy
  3. Atridox
  4. Doryx
  5. Doxy 100
  6. Doxy-Caps
  7. Doxy-Lemmon
  8. Doxychel
  9. Doxychel Hyclate
  10. Doxycin
  11. Doxylin
  12. Doxytec
  13. Jenacyclin
  14. Monodox
  15. Novo-Doxylin
  16. Nu-Doxycycline
  17. Oracea
  18. Periostat
  19. Supracyclin
  20. Vibra-Tabs
  21. Vibramycin
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name (2Z,4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6R,12aS)-2-(amino-hydroxymethylidene)-4-dimethylamino-5,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-1,3,12-trione
Chemical Formula C22H24N2O8
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 564-25-0
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C22H24N2O8/c1-7-8-5-4-6-9(25)11(8)16(26)12-10(7)17(27)14-15(24(2)3)18(28)13(21(23)31)20(30)22(14,32)19(12)29/h4-7,10,14-15,17,25-27,31-32H,23H2,1-3H3/b21-13-/t7-,10+,14+,15-,17-,22-/m0/s1
InChI Key UEVKMCOZLJYVNG-NMMSOKQRBG
KEGG Drug Not Available
KEGG Compound C06973 Link Image
PubChem Compound 5281011 Link Image
PubChem Substance 154560 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA449415 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 00742562 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/doxycyc.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycycline Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference C. R. Stephens et al.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80; 5324 (1958)
Average Molecular Weight 444.4346
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 444.1533
State Solid
Melting Point 201 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 630 mg/L Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 5.16e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity -0.2 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP -0.04 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS -2.87 [ADME Research, USCD]
Predicted LogS -2.94 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID 1P87 Link Image
Experimental PDB File Show
Experimental PDB Structure
Isomeric SMILES C[C@@H]1[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H]3[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)\C(C(=O)[C@@]3(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C2=C1C=CC=C2O)=C(/N)O
Canonical SMILES CC1C2C(O)C3C(N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(=O)C3(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C2=C1C=CC=C2O)=C(N)O
Drug Category
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antimalarials
  • Tetracyclines
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 08:12.24
  • 52:04.04
Indication For the treatment of infections caused by susceptible organisms.
Pharmacology Doxycycline, a long-acting tetracycline derived from oxytetracycline, is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with COPD, and adult periodontitis.
Mechanism of Action Doxycycline, like minocycline, is lipophilic and can pass through the lipid bilayer of bacteria. Doxycycline reversibly binds to the 30 S ribosomal subunits and possibly the 50S ribosomal subunit(s), blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the mRNA and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
Absorption Completely absorbed following oral administration.
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include anorexia, nausea, diarrhoea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis and inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region, skin reactions such as maculopapular and erythematous rashes, exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity, hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, anaphylaxis, anaphyl-actoid purpura, pericarditis, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus, benign intracranial hypertension in adults disappearing on discontinuation of the medicine, haematologic abnormalities such as haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia. LD50=262 mg/kg (I.P. in rat).
Protein Binding >90%
Biotransformation Hepatic
Half Life 18-22 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Capsule Oral
Gel, metered Periodontal
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol The tetracycline increases the anticoagulant effect
Acitretin Increased risk of intracranial hypertension
Aluminium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Amobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Amoxicillin Possible antagonism of action
Ampicillin Possible antagonism of action
Anisindione The tetracycline increases the anticoagulant effect
Aprobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Attapulgite Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Azlocillin Possible antagonism of action
Aztreonam Possible antagonism of action
Bacampicillin Possible antagonism of action
Bismuth Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Butabarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Butalbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Butethal The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Calcium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Carbamazepine The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Carbenicillin Possible antagonism of action
Clavulanate Possible antagonism of action
Cloxacillin Possible antagonism of action
Cyclacillin Possible antagonism of action
Dicloxacillin Possible antagonism of action
Dicumarol The tetracycline increases the anticoagulant effect
Digoxin The tetracycline increases the effect of digoxin in 10% of patients
Dihydroquinidine barbiturate The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Ethinyl Estradiol This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive
Ethotoin The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Etretinate Increased risk of intracranial hypertension
Flucloxacillin Possible antagonism of action
Fosphenytoin The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Heptabarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Hetacillin Possible antagonism of action
Hexobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Insulin Tetracycline increases the risk of hypoglycemia
Insulin-aspart Tetracycline increases the risk of hypoglycemia
Insulin-detemir Tetracycline increases the risk of hypoglycemia
Insulin-glargine Tetracycline increases the risk of hypoglycemia
Insulin-glulisine Tetracycline increases the risk of hypoglycemia
Insulin-lispro Tetracycline increases the risk of hypoglycemia
Iron Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Isotretinoin Increased risk of intracranial hypertension
Magnesium Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Magnesium oxide Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Mephenytoin The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Mestranol This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive
Methohexital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Methotrexate The tetracycline increases methotrexate toxicity
Methylphenobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Meticillin Possible antagonism of action
Mezlocillin Possible antagonism of action
Nafcillin Possible antagonism of action
Oxacillin Possible antagonism of action
Penicillin G Possible antagonism of action
Penicillin V Possible antagonism of action
Pentobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Phenobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Phenytoin The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Piperacillin Possible antagonism of action
Pivampicillin Possible antagonism of action
Pivmecillinam Possible antagonism of action
Primidone The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Quinidine barbiturate The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Rifabutin The rifamycin decreases the effect of doxycycline
Rifampin The rifamycin decreases the effect of doxycycline
Secobarbital The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Talbutal The anticonvulsant decreases the effect of doxycycline
Tazobactam Possible antagonism of action
Ticarcillin Possible antagonism of action
Warfarin The tetracycline increases the anticoagulant effect
Zinc Formation of non-absorbable complexes
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Avoid milk, calcium containing dairy products, iron, antacids, or aluminum salts 2 hours before or 6 hours after using antacids while on this medication.
  • Take with a full glass of water Do not take calcium, aluminum, magnesium or Iron supplements within 2 hours of taking this medication.
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Doxycycline Pathway SMP00291 Link Image
General References
  1. Hoerauf A, Mand S, Fischer K, Kruppa T, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Debrah AY, Pfarr KM, Adjei O, Buttner DW: Doxycycline as a novel strategy against bancroftian filariasis-depletion of Wolbachia endosymbionts from Wuchereria bancrofti and stop of microfilaria production. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2003 Nov;192(4):211-6. Epub 2003 Mar 5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Taylor MJ, Makunde WH, McGarry HF, Turner JD, Mand S, Hoerauf A: Macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Jun 18-24;365(9477):2116-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Dahl EL, Shock JL, Shenai BR, Gut J, DeRisi JL, Rosenthal PJ: Tetracyclines specifically target the apicoplast of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Sep;50(9):3124-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Drugs.com Link Image
  5. Wikipedia Link Image
  6. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 3A43 (CYP3A43)
Targets
  1. 30S ribosomal protein S4
  2. 30S ribosomal protein S9
  3. 50S ribosomal protein L10
  4. 16S rRNA
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 3A43 (CYP3A43)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP3A43
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID Q9HB55 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Q9HB55|CP343_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 3A43 - Homo sapiens (Human). 
MDLIPNFAMETWVLVATSLVLLYIYGTHSHKLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGTILFYLRGLWNF
DRECNEKYGEMWGLYEGQQPMLVIMDPDMIKTVLVKECYSVFTNQMPLGPMGFLKSALSF
AEDEEWKRIRTLLSPAFTSVKFKEMVPIISQCGDMLVRSLRQEAENSKSINLKDFFGAYT
MDVITGTLFGVNLDSLNNPQDPFLKNMKKLLKLDFLDPFLLLISLFPFLTPVFEALNIGL
FPKDVTHFLKNSIERMKESRLKDKQKHRVDFFQQMIDSQNSKETKSHKALSDLELVAQSI
IIIFAAYDTTSTTLPFIMYELATHPDVQQKLQEEIDAVLPNKAPVTYDALVQMEYLDMVV
NETLRLFPVVSRVTRVCKKDIEINGVFIPKGLAVMVPIYALHHDPKYWTEPEKFCPERFS
KKNKDSIDLYRYIPFGAGPRNCIGMRFALTNIKLAVIRALQNFSFKPCKETQIPLKLDNL
PILQPEKPIVLKVHLRDGITSGP
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 22
Target 1 Name 30S ribosomal protein S4
Target 1 Synonyms Not Available
Target 1 Gene Name rpsD
Target 1 Protein Sequence >30S ribosomal protein S4 
ARYLGPKLKLSRREGTDLFLKSGVRAIDTKCKIEQAPGQHGARKPRLSDYGVQLREKQKV
RRIYGVLERQFRNYYKEAARLKGNTGENLLALLEGRLDNVVYRMGFGATRAEARQLVSHK
AIMVNGRVVNIASYQVSPNDVVSIREKAKKQSRVKAALELAEQREKPTWLEVDAGKMEGT
FKRKPERSDLSADINEHLIVELYSK
Target 1 Number of Residues 208
Target 1 Molecular Weight 23338
Target 1 Theoretical pI 10.66
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
binding
nucleic acid binding
RNA binding
structural molecule activity
structural constituent of ribosome
Process
physiological process
metabolism
macromolecule metabolism
macromolecule biosynthesis
protein biosynthesis
Component
cell
intracellular
protein complex
ribonucleoprotein complex
ribosome
small ribosomal subunit
Target 1 General Function Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis
Target 1 Specific Function Also functions as a rho-dependent antiterminator of rRNA transcription, increasing the synthesis of rRNA under conditions of excess protein, allowing a more rapid return to homeostasis. Binds directly to RNA polymerase
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 42798 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P0A7V8 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name RS4_ECOLI Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID 1P87 Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasmic
Target 1 Gene Sequence >621 bp 
ATGGCAAGATATTTGGGTCCTAAGCTCAAGCTGAGCCGTCGTGAGGGCACCGACTTATTC
CTTAAGTCTGGCGTTCGCGCGATCGATACCAAGTGTAAAATTGAACAAGCTCCTGGCCAG
CACGGTGCGCGTAAACCGCGTCTGTCTGACTATGGTGTGCAGTTGCGTGAAAAGCAAAAA
GTTCGCCGTATCTATGGTGTGCTGGAGCGTCAGTTCCGTAACTACTACAAAGAAGCAGCA
CGTCTGAAAGGCAACACCGGTGAAAACCTGTTGGCTCTGCTGGAAGGTCGTCTGGACAAC
GTTGTATACCGTATGGGCTTCGGTGCCACTCGTGCAGAAGCACGTCAGCTGGTTAGCCAT
AAAGCAATTATGGTAAACGGTCGTGTTGTTAACATCGCTTCTTATCAGGTTAGTCCGAAT
GACGTTGTAAGCATTCGTGAGAAAGCGAAGAAGCAGTCTCGCGTGAAAGCCGCTCTGGAG
CTGGCTGAGCAGCGTGAAAAGCCAACCTGGCTGGAAGTTGATGCTGGCAAGATGGAAGGT
ACGTTTAAGCGTAAGCCGGAGCGTTCTGATCTGTCTGCGGACATTAACGAACACCTGATC
GTCGAGCTTTACTCCAAGTAA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID Not Available
Target 1 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Target 1 HGNC ID Not Available
Target 1 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 1 Locus Not Available
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Arnold RJ, Reilly JP: Observation of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins and their posttranslational modifications by mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem. 1999 Apr 10;269(1):105-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Schiltz E, Reinbolt J: Determination of the complete amino-acid sequence of protein S4 from Escherichia coli ribosomes. Eur J Biochem. 1975 Aug 15;56(2):467-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Dahlgren A, Ryden-Aulin M: A novel mutation in ribosomal protein S4 that affects the function of a mutated RF1. Biochimie. 2000 Aug;82(8):683-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Torres M, Condon C, Balada JM, Squires C, Squires CL: Ribosomal protein S4 is a transcription factor with properties remarkably similar to NusA, a protein involved in both non-ribosomal and ribosomal RNA antitermination. EMBO J. 2001 Jul 16;20(14):3811-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Tung CS, Joseph S, Sanbonmatsu KY: All-atom homology model of the Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunit. Nat Struct Biol. 2002 Oct;9(10):750-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Gao H, Sengupta J, Valle M, Korostelev A, Eswar N, Stagg SM, Van Roey P, Agrawal RK, Harvey SC, Sali A, Chapman MS, Frank J: Study of the structural dynamics of the E coli 70S ribosome using real-space refinement. Cell. 2003 Jun 13;113(6):789-801. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Nowotny V, Nierhaus KH: Assembly of the 30S subunit from Escherichia coli ribosomes occurs via two assembly domains which are initiated by S4 and S7. Biochemistry. 1988 Sep 6;27(18):7051-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Allen PN, Noller HF: Mutations in ribosomal proteins S4 and S12 influence the higher order structure of 16 S ribosomal RNA. J Mol Biol. 1989 Aug 5;208(3):457-68. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Bedwell D, Davis G, Gosink M, Post L, Nomura M, Kestler H, Zengel JM, Lindahl L: Nucleotide sequence of the alpha ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jun 11;13(11):3891-903. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Thomas MS, Bedwell DM, Nomura M: Regulation of alpha operon gene expression in Escherichia coli. A novel form of translational coupling. J Mol Biol. 1987 Jul 20;196(2):333-45. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 387752 Post LE, Nomura M: Nucleotide sequence of the intercistronic region preceding the gene for RNA polymerase subunit alpha in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1979 Nov 10;254(21):10604-6.
  12. 4587210 Reinbolt J, Schiltz E: The primary structure of ribosomal protein S4 from Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 1973 Nov 1;36(3):250-2.
  13. 7556101 Urlaub H, Kruft V, Bischof O, Muller EC, Wittmann-Liebold B: Protein-rRNA binding features and their structural and functional implications in ribosomes as determined by cross-linking studies. EMBO J. 1995 Sep 15;14(18):4578-88.
  14. 7559430 Baker AM, Draper DE: Messenger RNA recognition by fragments of ribosomal protein S4. J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 29;270(39):22939-45.
  15. 9278503 Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-74.
  16. 9716382 Choi KM, Atkins JF, Gesteland RF, Brimacombe R: Flexibility of the nascent polypeptide chain within the ribosome--contacts from the peptide N-terminus to a specific region of the 30S subunit. Eur J Biochem. 1998 Jul 15;255(2):409-13.
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 140
Target 2 Name 30S ribosomal protein S9
Target 2 Synonyms Not Available
Target 2 Gene Name rpsI
Target 2 Protein Sequence >30S ribosomal protein S9 
AENQYYGTGRRKSSAARVFIKPGNGKIVINQRSLEQYFGRETARMVVRQPLELVDMVEKL
DLYITVKGGGISGQAGAIRHGITRALMEYDESLRSELRKAGFVTRDARQVERKKVGLRKA
RRRPQFSKR
Target 2 Number of Residues 131
Target 2 Molecular Weight 14725
Target 2 Theoretical pI 11.52
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
structural molecule activity
structural constituent of ribosome
Process
physiological process
metabolism
macromolecule metabolism
macromolecule biosynthesis
protein biosynthesis
Component
protein complex
ribonucleoprotein complex
ribosome
cell
intracellular
Target 2 General Function Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis
Target 2 Specific Function The C-terminal tail plays a role in the affinity of the 30S P site for different tRNAs. Mutations that decrease this affinity are suppressed in the 70S ribosome
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 535073 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P0A7X3 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name RS9_ECOLI Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID 1P87 Link Image
Target 2 PDB File Show
Target 2 3D Structure
Target 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Target 2 Gene Sequence >393 bp 
ATGGCTGAAAATCAATACTACGGCACTGGTCGCCGCAAAAGTTCCGCAGCTCGCGTTTTC
ATCAAACCGGGCAACGGTAAAATCGTAATCAACCAACGTTCTCTGGAACAGTACTTCGGT
CGTGAAACTGCCCGCATGGTAGTTCGTCAGCCGCTGGAACTGGTCGACATGGTTGAGAAA
CTGGACCTGTACATCACCGTTAAAGGTGGTGGTATCTCTGGTCAGGCTGGTGCGATCCGT
CACGGTATCACCCGCGCTCTGATGGAATACGACGAGTCCCTGCGTTCTGAACTGCGTAAA
GCTGGCTTCGTTACTCGTGACGCTCGTCAGGTTGAACGTAAGAAAGTCGGTCTGCGTAAA
GCACGTCGTCGTCCGCAGTTCTCCAAACGTTAA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID Not Available
Target 2 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Target 2 HGNC ID Not Available
Target 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 2 Locus Not Available
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Arnold RJ, Reilly JP: Observation of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins and their posttranslational modifications by mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem. 1999 Apr 10;269(1):105-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chen R, Wittmann-Liebold B: The primary structure of protein S9 from the 30S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes. FEBS Lett. 1975 Mar 15;52(1):139-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Tung CS, Joseph S, Sanbonmatsu KY: All-atom homology model of the Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunit. Nat Struct Biol. 2002 Oct;9(10):750-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gao H, Sengupta J, Valle M, Korostelev A, Eswar N, Stagg SM, Van Roey P, Agrawal RK, Harvey SC, Sali A, Chapman MS, Frank J: Study of the structural dynamics of the E coli 70S ribosome using real-space refinement. Cell. 2003 Jun 13;113(6):789-801. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Isono S, Thamm S, Kitakawa M, Isono K: Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the genes for ribosomal proteins S9 (rpsI) and L13 (rplM) of Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1985;198(2):279-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Marsh RC, Parmeggiani A: Requirement of proteins S5 and S9 from 30S subunits for the ribosome-dependent GTPase activity of elongation factor G. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Jan;70(1):151-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Urlaub H, Kruft V, Bischof O, Muller EC, Wittmann-Liebold B: Protein-rRNA binding features and their structural and functional implications in ribosomes as determined by cross-linking studies. EMBO J. 1995 Sep 15;14(18):4578-88. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Osswald M, Doring T, Brimacombe R: The ribosomal neighbourhood of the central fold of tRNA: cross-links from position 47 of tRNA located at the A, P or E site. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Nov 25;23(22):4635-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-74. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 818
Target 3 Name 50S ribosomal protein L10
Target 3 Synonyms Not Available
Target 3 Gene Name rplJ
Target 3 Protein Sequence >50S ribosomal protein L10 
ALNLQDKQAIVAEVSEVAKGALSAVVADSRGVTVDKMTELRKAGREAGVYMRVVRNTLLR
RAVEGTPFECLKDAFVGPTLIAYSMEHPGAAARLFKEFAKANAKFEVKAAAFEGELIPAS
QIDRLATLPTYEEAIARLMATMKEASAGKLVRTLAAVRDAKEAA
Target 3 Number of Residues 166
Target 3 Molecular Weight 17581
Target 3 Theoretical pI 9.51
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
structural molecule activity
structural constituent of ribosome
Process
metabolism
macromolecule metabolism
macromolecule biosynthesis
protein biosynthesis
physiological process
cellular physiological process
cell organization and biogenesis
organelle organization and biogenesis
ribosome biogenesis and assembly
Component
protein complex
ribonucleoprotein complex
ribosome
cell
intracellular
Target 3 General Function Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis
Target 3 Specific Function Protein L10 is also a translational repressor protein. It controls the translation of the rplJL-rpoBC operon by binding to its mRNA
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 3 Essentiality Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 24054563 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P0A7J6 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name RL10_SHIFL Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID Not Available
Target 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Target 3 Gene Sequence >498 bp 
ATGGCTTTAAATCTTCAAGACAAACAAGCGATTGTTGCTGAAGTCAGCGAAGTAGCCAAA
GGCGCGCTGTCTGCAGTAGTTGCGGATTCCCGTGGCGTAACTGTAGATAAAATGACTGAA
CTGCGTAAAGCAGGTCGCGAAGCTGGCGTATACATGCGTGTTGTTCGTAACACCCTGCTG
CGCCGTGCTGTTGAAGGTACTCCGTTCGAGTGCCTGAAAGACGCGTTTGTTGGTCCGACC
CTGATTGCATACTCTATGGAACACCCGGGCGCTGCTGCTCGTCTGTTCAAAGAGTTCGCG
AAAGCGAATGCAAAATTTGAGGTCAAAGCCGCTGCCTTTGAAGGTGAGCTGATCCCGGCG
TCTCAGATCGACCGCCTGGCAACTCTGCCGACCTACGAAGAAGCAATTGCACGCCTGATG
GCAACCATGAAAGAAGCTTCGGCTGGCAAACTGGTTCGTACTCTGGCTGCTGTACGCGAT
GCGAAAGAAGCTGCTTAA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID Not Available
Target 3 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Target 3 HGNC ID Not Available
Target 3 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 3 Locus Not Available
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Jin Q, Yuan Z, Xu J, Wang Y, Shen Y, Lu W, Wang J, Liu H, Yang J, Yang F, Zhang X, Zhang J, Yang G, Wu H, Qu D, Dong J, Sun L, Xue Y, Zhao A, Gao Y, Zhu J, Kan B, Ding K, Chen S, Cheng H, Yao Z, He B, Chen R, Ma D, Qiang B, Wen Y, Hou Y, Yu J: Genome sequence of Shigella flexneri 2a: insights into pathogenicity through comparison with genomes of Escherichia coli K12 and O157. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Oct 15;30(20):4432-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Wei J, Goldberg MB, Burland V, Venkatesan MM, Deng W, Fournier G, Mayhew GF, Plunkett G 3rd, Rose DJ, Darling A, Mau B, Perna NT, Payne SM, Runyen-Janecky LJ, Zhou S, Schwartz DC, Blattner FR: Complete genome sequence and comparative genomics of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a strain 2457T. Infect Immun. 2003 May;71(5):2775-86. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 883
Target 4 Name 16S rRNA
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid
Target 4 Gene Name Not Available
Target 4 Protein Sequence Not Available
Target 4 Number of Residues 0
Target 4 Molecular Weight Not Available
Target 4 Theoretical pI Not Available
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
transferase activity
translation
RNA binding
Process
rRNA processing
RNA processing and modification
Component
cell
Target 4 General Function Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis
Target 4 Specific Function In prokaryotes, the 16S rRNA is essential for recognizing the 5' end of mRNA and hence positioning it correctly on the ribosome. The 16S rRNA has a characteristic secondary structure in which half of the nucleotides are base-paired. The 16S rRNA sequence has been highly conserved and is often used for evolutionary and species comparative analysis.
Target 4 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Ribosome map03010 Link Image
Target 4 Reactions
  • rRNA + mRNA + Amino Acids = Polypeptide
Target 4 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Target 4 Signals
  • None
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 4 Essentiality Essential
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Not Available
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Not Available
Target 4 PDB ID 1EMI Link Image
Target 4 PDB File Show
Target 4 3D Structure
Target 4 Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasmic
Target 4 Gene Sequence >16S rRNA sequence 
AAATTGAAGAGTTTGATCATGGCTCAGATTGAACGCTGGCGGCAGGCCTAACACATGCAA
GTCGAACGGTAACAGGAAACAGCTTGCTGTTTCGCTGACGAGTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAA
TGTCTGGGAAACTGCCTGATGGAGGGGGATAACTACTGGAAACGGTAGCTAATACCGCAT
AACGTCGCAAGACCAAAGAGGGGGACCCTCGGGCCTCTTGCCATCGGATGTGCCCAGATG
GGATTAGCTTGTTGGTGGGGTAACGGCTCACCAAGGCGACGATCCCTAGCTGGTCTGAGA
GGATGACCAGCCACACTGGAACTGAGACACGGTCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGG
GGAATATTGCACAATGGGCGCAAGCCTGATGCAGCCATGCCGCGTGTATGAAGAAGGCCT
TCGGGTTGTAAAGTACTTTCAGCGGGGAGGAAGGGAGTAAAGTTAATACCTTTGCTCATT
GACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGCACCGGCTAACTCCGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAG
GGTGCAAGCGTTAATCGGAATTACTGGGCGTAAAGCGCACGCAGGCGGTTTGTTAAGTCA
GATGTGAAATCCCCGGGCTCAACCTGGGAACTGCATCTGATACTGGCAAGCTTGAGTCTC
GTAGAGGGGGGTAGAATTCCAGGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGAGATCTGGAGGAATACC
GGTGGCGAAGGCGGCCCCCTGGACGAAGACTGACGCTCAGGTGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCA
AACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATGTCGACTTGGAGGTTGTGCC
CTTGAGGCGTGGCTTCCGGAGCTAACGCGTTAAGTCGACCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCA
AGGTTAAAACTCAAATGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAAT
TCGATGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCTGGTCTTGACATCCACGGAAGTTTTCAGAGATGAG
AATGTGCCTTCGGGAACCGTGAGACAGGTGCTGCATGGCTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTTGTGA
AATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTATCCTTTGTTGCCAGCGGTCCGGC
CGGGAACTCAAAGGAGACTGCCAGTGATAAACTGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAGTC
ATCATGGCCCTTACGACCAGGGCTACACACGTGCTACAATGGCGCATACAAAGAGAAGCG
ACCTCGCGAGAGCAAGCGGACCTCATAAAGTGCGTCGTAGTCCGGATTGGAGTCTGCAAC
TCGACTCCATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGTGGATCAGAATGCCACGGTGAATACGT
TCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGGGAGTGGGTTGCAAAAGAAGTAGGT
AGCTTAACCTTCGGGAGGGCGCTTACCACTTTGTGATTCATGACTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAA
CAAGGTAACCGTAGGGGAACCTGCGGTTGGATCACCTCCTTA
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID
Target 4 GeneCard ID Not Available
Target 4 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Target 4 HGNC ID Not Available
Target 4 Chromosome Location Not Available
Target 4 Locus Not Available
Target 4 SNPs Not Available
Target 4 General References
  1. Gu XR, Gustafsson C, Ku J, Yu M, Santi DV: Identification of the 16S rRNA m5C967 methyltransferase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1999 Mar 30;38(13):4053-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Martin JF, Barreiro C, Gonzalez-Lavado E, Barriuso M: Ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins in corynebacteria. J Biotechnol. 2003 Sep 4;104(1-3):41-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Srivastava AK, Schlessinger D: Structure and organization of ribosomal DNA. Biochimie. 1991 Jun;73(6):631-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gutell RR, Larsen N, Woese CR: Lessons from an evolving rRNA: 16S and 23S rRNA structures from a comparative perspective. Microbiol Rev. 1994 Mar;58(1):10-26. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 4 Drug References
  1. Eremeeva ME, Bosserman EA, Demma LJ, Zambrano ML, Blau DM, Dasch GA: Isolation and identification of Rickettsia massiliae from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in Arizona. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Aug;72(8):5569-77. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Kumar S, Kutlin A, Roblin P, Kohlhoff S, Bodetti T, Timms P, Hammerschlag MR: Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Chlamydial isolates from Western barred bandicoots. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Feb;45(2):392-4. Epub 2006 Nov 22. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Pringle M, Fellstrom C, Johansson KE: Decreased susceptibility to doxycycline associated with a 16S rRNA gene mutation in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Vet Microbiol. 2007 Jul 20;123(1-3):245-8. Epub 2007 Feb 25. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.