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Showing drug card for Acetaminophen (DB00316)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:06:12
Primary Accession Number DB00316
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00252
Name Acetaminophen
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. APAP
  2. Acetaminofen
  3. Paracetamol
  4. Paracetamolo
  5. Paracetanol
Brand Names
  1. Abenol
  2. Abensanil
  3. Acamol
  4. Accu-Tap
  5. Acephen
  6. Aceta Elixir
  7. Aceta Tablets
  8. Acetagesic
  9. Acetalgin
  10. Actamin
  11. Actimol
  12. Algotropyl
  13. Allay
  14. Alpiny
  15. Alpinyl
  16. Alvedon
  17. Amadil
  18. Aminofen
  19. Anacin
  20. Anacin-3
  21. Anaflon
  22. Anapap
  23. Anelix
  24. Anhiba
  25. Apacet
  26. Apadon
  27. Apamid
  28. Apamide
  29. Atasol
  30. Banesin
  31. Bayer Select
  32. Bickie-mol
  33. Bucet
  34. Butapap
  35. Calpol
  36. Captin
  37. Cetadol
  38. Clixodyne
  39. Co-Gesic
  40. Conacetol
  41. Dafalgan
  42. Dapa
  43. Dapa X-S
  44. Darvocet
  45. Datril
  46. Dimindol
  47. Dirox
  48. Disprol
  49. Dolene AP-65
  50. Doliprane
  51. Dolprone
  52. Drixoral Plus
  53. Dularin
  54. Dymadon
  55. Dypap
  56. Elixodyne
  57. Enelfa
  58. Eneril
  59. Eu-Med
  60. Excedrin
  61. Exdol
  62. Febridol
  63. Febrilix
  64. Febrinol
  65. Febro-Gesic
  66. Febrolin
  67. Fendon
  68. Feverall
  69. Fevor
  70. Finimal
  71. Gelocatil
  72. Genapap
  73. Genebs
  74. Hedex
  75. Homoolan
  76. Hy-Phen
  77. Injectapap
  78. Janupap
  79. Korum
  80. Lestemp
  81. Liquagesic
  82. Liquiprin
  83. Lonarid
  84. Lyteca
  85. Momentum
  86. Multin
  87. NAPA
  88. Napafen
  89. Napap
  90. Naprinol
  91. Nealgyl
  92. Nebs
  93. Neopap
  94. Neotrend
  95. Nobedon
  96. Norco
  97. Oraphen-PD
  98. Ortensan
  99. Pacemo
  100. Painex
  101. Paldesic
  102. Panadol
  103. Panaleve
  104. Panasorb
  105. Panets
  106. Panex
  107. Panofen
  108. Papa-Deine
  109. Paracet
  110. Parapan
  111. Paraspen
  112. Parelan
  113. Parmol
  114. Pasolind
  115. Pasolind N
  116. Pedric
  117. Phenaphen
  118. Phenaphen Caplets
  119. Phendon
  120. Phrenilin
  121. Phrenilin Forte
  122. Prompt
  123. Propacet 100
  124. Proval #3
  125. Pyrinazine
  126. Redutemp
  127. Rivalgyl
  128. Robigesic
  129. Rounox
  130. SK-Apap
  131. Salzone
  132. Sedapap
  133. Servigesic
  134. Snaplets-FR
  135. St. Joseph Fever Reducer
  136. Suppap
  137. Synalgos-Dc-A
  138. Tabalgin
  139. Talacen
  140. Tapanol
  141. Tapar
  142. Tavist Allergy/Sinus/Headache
  143. Temlo
  144. Tempanal
  145. Tempra
  146. Tencon
  147. Tibinide
  148. Tibizide
  149. Tisin
  150. Tisiodrazida
  151. Tizide
  152. Tralgon
  153. Triaprin
  154. Tussapap
  155. Tycolet
  156. Tylenol
  157. Ultracet
  158. Valadol
  159. Valgesic
  160. Valorin
  161. Valorin Extra
  162. Wygesic
Brand Mixtures
  1. Amacodone (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  2. Anexsia (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  3. Anodynos (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  4. Anolor (acetaminophen + butalbital + caffeine)
  5. Bancap (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  6. CoGesic (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  7. Dolacet (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  8. Duradyne (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  9. Endolor (acetaminophen + butalbital + caffeine)
  10. Esgic (acetaminophen + butalbital + caffeine)
  11. Fioricet (acetaminophen + butalbital + caffeine)
  12. Hydrocet (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  13. Hydrogesic (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  14. Lorcet (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  15. Lortab (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  16. Margesic (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  17. Norcet (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  18. Oxycet (acetaminophen + oxycodone hydrochloride)
  19. Percocet (acetaminophen + oxycodone hydrochloride)
  20. Roxicet (acetaminophen + oxycodone hydrochloride)
  21. Roxilox (acetaminophen + oxycodone hydrochloride)
  22. Stagesic (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  23. TGesic (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  24. Tylox (acetaminophen + oxycodone hydrochloride)
  25. Vicodin (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
  26. Zebutal (acetaminophen + butalbital + caffeine)
  27. Zydone (acetaminophen + hydrocodone bitartrate)
Chemical IUPAC Name N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
Chemical Formula C8H9NO2
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 103-90-2
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C8H9NO2/c1-6(10)9-7-2-4-8(11)5-3-7/h2-5,11H,1H3,(H,9,10)/f/h9H
InChI Key RZVAJINKPMORJF-BGGKNDAXCW
KEGG Drug D00217 Link Image
KEGG Compound C06804 Link Image
PubChem Compound 1983 Link Image
PubChem Substance 7847284 Link Image
ChEBI ID 2386 Link Image
PharmGKB ID PA448015 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02269120 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/apap.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Pearson et al., J. Am .Chem. Soc. 75, 5907 (1953)
Average Molecular Weight 151.1626
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 151.0633
State Solid
Melting Point 169-170.5oC
Experimental Water Solubility 14 mg/mL (very slightly soluble in cold water; considerably more soluble in hot water) Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 4.15e+00 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 0.4 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 0.51 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS -1.03 [ADME Research, USCD]
Predicted LogS -1.56 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point 9.38
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1
Canonical SMILES CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1
Drug Category
  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
  • Antipyretics
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 28:08.92
Indication For temporary relief of fever and minor aches and pains.
Pharmacology Acetaminophen (USAN) or Paracetamol (INN) is a popular analgesic and antipyretic drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. It is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu medications and many prescription analgesics. It is extremely safe in standard doses, but because of its wide availability, deliberate or accidental overdoses are not uncommon. Acetaminophen, unlike other common analgesics such as aspirin and ibuprofen, has no anti-inflammatory properties or effects on platelet function, and so it is not a member of the class of drugs known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs. In normal doses acetaminophen does not irritate the lining of the stomach nor affect blood coagulation, the kidneys, or the fetal ductus arteriosus (as NSAIDs can). Like NSAIDs and unlike opioid analgesics, acetaminophen does not cause euphoria or alter mood in any way. Acetaminophen and NSAIDs have the benefit of being completely free of problems with addiction, dependence, tolerance and withdrawal. Acetaminophen is used on its own or in combination with pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, codeine, hydrocodone, or oxycodone.
Mechanism of Action Acetaminophen is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1 and COX-2, enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Unlike NSAIDs, acetaminophen does not inhibit cyclooxygenase in peripheral tissues and, thus, has no peripheral anti-inflammatory affects. While aspirin acts as an irreversible inhibitor of COX and directly blocks the enzyme's active site, studies have found that acetaminophen indirectly blocks COX, and that this blockade is ineffective in the presence of peroxides. This might explain why acetaminophen is effective in the central nervous system and in endothelial cells but not in platelets and immune cells which have high levels of peroxides. Studies also report data suggesting that acetaminophen selectively blocks a variant of the COX enzyme that is different from the known variants COX-1 and COX-2. This enzyme is now referred to as COX-3. Its exact mechanism of action is still poorly understood, but future research may provide further insight into how it works.
Absorption Rapid and almost complete
Toxicity Oral, mouse: LD50 = 338 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 1944 mg/kg. Acetaminophen is metabolized primarily in the liver, where most of it is converted to inactive compounds by conjugation with sulfate and glucuronide, and then excreted by the kidneys. Only a small portion is metabolized via the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The toxic effects of acetaminophen are due to a minor alkylating metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine), not acetaminophen itself nor any of the major metabolites. This toxic metabolite reacts with sulfhydryl groups. At usual doses, it is quickly detoxified by combining irreversibly with the sulfhydryl group of glutathione to produce a non-toxic conjugate that is eventually excreted by the kidneys. The toxic dose of paracetamol is highly variable. In adults, single doses above 10 grams or 140 mg/kg have a reasonable likelihood of causing toxicity. In adults, single doses of more than 25 grams have a high risk of lethality.
Protein Binding 25%
Biotransformation Approximately 90 to 95% of a dose is metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 enzyme pathways (primarily by conjugation with glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid, and cysteine). An intermediate metabolite is hepatotoxic and most likely nephrotoxic and can accumulate after the primary metabolic pathways have been saturated.
Half Life 1 to 4 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Capsule Oral
Elixir Oral
Liquid Oral
Solution Oral
Solution / drops Oral
Suppository Rectal
Suspension Oral
Syrup Oral
Tablet Oral
Tablet, effervescent Oral
Tablet, extended release Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Not Available
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol Increases the anticoagulant effect
Anisindione Acetaminophen increases the anticoagulant effect
Dicumarol Acetaminophen increases the anticoagulant effect
Dicumarol Increases the anticoagulant effect
Imatinib Increased hepatic toxicity of both agents
Isoniazid Risk of hepatotoxicity
Warfarin Acetaminophen increases the anticoagulant effect
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol (may increase risk of hepatotoxicity).
  • Take without regard to meals.
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Ohki S, Ogino N, Yamamoto S, Hayaishi O: Prostaglandin hydroperoxidase, an integral part of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase from bovine vesicular gland microsomes. J Biol Chem. 1979 Feb 10;254(3):829-36. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Graham GG, Scott KF: Mechanism of action of paracetamol. Am J Ther. 2005 Jan-Feb;12(1):46-55. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Kis B, Snipes JA, Busija DW: Acetaminophen and the cyclooxygenase-3 puzzle: sorting out facts, fictions, and uncertainties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Oct;315(1):1-7. Epub 2005 May 6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Aronoff DM, Oates JA, Boutaud O: New insights into the mechanism of action of acetaminophen: Its clinical pharmacologic characteristics reflect its inhibition of the two prostaglandin H2 synthases. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jan;79(1):9-19. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Bertolini A, Ferrari A, Ottani A, Guerzoni S, Tacchi R, Leone S: Paracetamol: new vistas of an old drug. CNS Drug Rev. 2006 Fall-Winter;12(3-4):250-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Drugs.com Link Image
  7. Wikipedia Link Image
  8. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)
  2. Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
Targets
  1. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
  2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP2E1
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P05181 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P05181|CP2E1_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2E1 (EC 1.14.14.1) 
MSALGVTVALLVWAAFLLLVSMWRQVHSSWNLPPGPFPLPIIGNLFQLELKNIPKSFTRL
AQRFGPVFTLYVGSQRMVVMHGYKAVKEALLDYKDEFSGRGDLPAFHAHRDRGIIFNNGP
TWKDIRRFSLTTLRNYGMGKQGNESRIQREAHFLLEALRKTQGQPFDPTFLIGCAPCNVI
ADILFRKHFDYNDEKFLRLMYLFNENFHLLSTPWLQLYNNFPSFLHYLPGSHRKVIKNVA
EVKEYVSERVKEHHQSLDPNCPRDLTDCLLVEMEKEKHSAERLYTMDGITVTVADLFFAG
TETTSTTLRYGLLILMKYPEIEEKLHEEIDRVIGPSRIPAIKDRQEMPYMDAVVHEIQRF
ITLVPSNLPHEATRDTIFRGYLIPKGTVVVPTLDSVLYDNQEFPDPEKFKPEHFLNENGK
FKYSDYFKPFSTGKRVCAGEGLARMELFLLLCAILQHFNLKPLVDPKDIDLSPIHIGFGC
IPPRYKLCVIPRS
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 Name Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
Enzyme 2 Gene Name CYP1A2
Enzyme 2 SwissProt ID P05177 Link Image
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >P05177|CP1A2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1A2 - Homo sapiens (Human). 
MALSQSVPFSATELLLASAIFCLVFWVLKGLRPRVPKGLKSPPEPWGWPLLGHVLTLGKN
PHLALSRMSQRYGDVLQIRIGSTPVLVLSRLDTIRQALVRQGDDFKGRPDLYTSTLITDG
QSLTFSTDSGPVWAARRRLAQNALNTFSIASDPASSSSCYLEEHVSKEAKALISRLQELM
AGPGHFDPYNQVVVSVANVIGAMCFGQHFPESSDEMLSLVKNTHEFVETASSGNPLDFFP
ILRYLPNPALQRFKAFNQRFLWFLQKTVQEHYQDFDKNSVRDITGALFKHSKKGPRASGN
LIPQEKIVNLVNDIFGAGFDTVTTAISWSLMYLVTKPEIQRKIQKELDTVIGRERRPRLS
DRPQLPYLEAFILETFRHSSFLPFTIPHSTTRDTTLNGFYIPKKCCVFVNQWQVNHDPEL
WEDPSEFRPERFLTADGTAINKPLSEKMMLFGMGKRRCIGEVLAKWEIFLFLAILLQQLE
FSVPPGVKVDLTPIYGLTMKHARCEHVQARRFSIN
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 20
Target 1 Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. COX-1
  2. Cyclooxygenase- 1
  3. EC 1.14.99.1
  4. PGH synthase 1
  5. PGHS-1
  6. PHS 1
  7. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 precursor
  8. Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1
  9. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1
Target 1 Gene Name PTGS1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 precursor 
MSRSLLLRFLLFLLLLPPLPVLLADPGAPTPVNPCCYYPCQHQGICVRFGLDRYQCDCTR
TGYSGPNCTIPGLWTWLRNSLRPSPSFTHFLLTHGRWFWEFVNATFIREMLMRLVLTVRS
NLIPSPPTYNSAHDYISWESFSNVSYYTRILPSVPKDCPTPMGTKGKKQLPDAQLLARRF
LLRRKFIPDPQGTNLMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTSGKMGPGFTKALGHGVDLGHIYGDNLERQ
YQLRLFKDGKLKYQVLDGEMYPPSVEEAPVLMHYPRGIPPQSQMAVGQEVFGLLPGLMLY
ATLWLREHNRVCDLLKAEHPTWGDEQLFQTTRLILIGETIKIVIEEYVQQLSGYFLQLKF
DPELLFGVQFQYRNRIAMEFNHLYHWHPLMPDSFKVGSQEYSYEQFLFNTSMLVDYGVEA
LVDAFSRQIAGRIGGGRNMDHHILHVAVDVIRESREMRLQPFNEYRKRFGMKPYTSFQEL
VGEKEMAAELEELYGDIDALEFYPGLLLEKCHPNSIFGESMIEIGAPFSLKGLLGNPICS
PEYWKPSTFGGEVGFNIVKTATLKKLVCLNTKTCPYVSFRVPDASQDDGPAVERPSTEL
Target 1 Number of Residues 608
Target 1 Molecular Weight 68657
Target 1 Theoretical pI 7.39
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
antioxidant activity
peroxidase activity
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 1 General Function Involved in peroxidase activity
Target 1 Specific Function May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells
Target 1 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolism map00590 Link Image
Target 1 Reactions
  • arachidonate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • 1-23
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 387018 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P23219 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PGH1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Microsome
  • microsomal membrane
  • peripheral membrane protein
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1800 bp 
ATGAGCCGGAGTCTCTTGCTCCGGTTCTTGCTGTTGCTGCTCCTGCTCCCGCCGCTCCCC
GTCCTGCTCGCGGACCCAGGGGCGCCCACGCCAGTGAATCCCTGTTGTTACTATCCATGC
CAGCACCAGGGCATCTGTGTCCGCTTCGGCCTTGACCGCTACCAGTGTGACTGCACCCGC
ACGGGCTATTCCGGCCCCAACTGCACCATCCCTGGCCTGTGGACCTGGCTCCGGAATTCA
CTGCGGCCCAGCCCCTCTTTCACCCACTTCCTGCTCACTCACGGGCGCTGGTTCTGGGAG
TTTGTCAATGCCACCTTCATCCGAGAGATGCTCATGCTCCTGGTACTCACAGTGCGCTCC
AACCTTATCCCCAGTCCCCCCACCTACAACTCTGCACATGACTACATCAGCTGGGAGTCT
TTCTCCAACGTGAGCTATTACACTCGTATTCTGCCCTCTGTGCCTAAAGATTGCCCCACA
CCCATGGGAACCAAAGGGAAGAAGCAGTTGCCAGATGCCCAGCTCCTGGCCCGCCGCTTC
CTGCTCAGGAGGAAGTTCATACCTGACCCCCAAGGCACCAACCTCATGTTTGCCTTCTTT
GCACAACACTTCACCCACCAGTTCTTCAAAACTTCTGGCAAGATGGGTCCTGGCTTCACC
AAGGCCTTGGGCCATGGGGTAGACCTCGGCCACATTTATGGAGACAATCTGGAGCGTCAG
TATCAACTGCGGCTCTTTAAGGATGGGAAACTCAAGTACCAGGTGCTGGATGGAGAAATG
TACCCGCCCTCGGTAGAAGAGGCGCCTGTGTTGATGCACTACCCCCGAGGCATCCCGCCC
CAGAGCCAGATGGCTGTGGGCCAGGAGGTGTTTGGGCTGCTTCCTGGGCTCATGCTGTAT
GCCACGCTCTGGCTACGTGAGCACAACCGTGTGTGTGACCTGCTGAAGGCTGAGCACCCC
ACCTGGGGCGATGAGCAGCTTTTCCAGACGACCCGCCTCATCCTCATAGGGGAGACCATC
AAGATTGTCATCGAGGAGTACGTGCAGCAGCTGAGTGGCTATTTCCTGCAGCTGAAATTT
GACCCAGAGCTGCTGTTCGGTGTCCAGTTCCAATACCGCAACCGCATTGCCACGGAGTTC
AACCATCTCTACCACTGGCACCCCCTCATGCCTGACTCCTTCAAGGTGGGCTCCCAGGAG
TACAGCTACGAGCAGTTCTTGTTCAACACCTCCATGTTGGTGGACTATGGGGTTGAGGCC
CTGGTGGATGCCTTCTCTCGCCAGATTGCTGGCCGGATCGGTGGGGGCAGGAACATGGAC
CACCACATCCTGCATGTGGCTGTGGATGTCATCAGGGAGTCTCGGGAGATGCGGCTGCAG
CCCTTCAATGAGTACCGCAAGAGGTTTGGCATGAAACCCTACACCTCCTTCCAGGAGCTC
GTAGGAGAGAAGGAGATGGCAGCAGAGTTGGAGGAATTGTATGGAGACATTGATGCGTTG
GAGTTCTACCCTGGACTGCTTCTTGAAAAGTGCCATCCAAACTCTATCTTTGGGGAGAGT
ATGATAGAGATTGGGGCTCCCTTTTCCCTCAAGGGTCTCCTAGGGAATCCCATCTGTTCT
CCGGAGTACTGGAAGCCGAGCACATTTGGCGGCGAGGTGGGCTTTAACATTGTCAAGACG
GCCACACTGAAGAAGCTGGTCTGCCTCAACACCAAGACCTGTCCCTACGTTTCCTTCCGT
GTGCCGGATGCCAGTCAGGATGATGGGCCTGCTGTGGAGCGACCATCCACAGAGCTCTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID PTGS1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID PTGS1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:9604 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 9
Target 1 Locus 9q32-q33.3
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Diaz A, Reginato AM, Jimenez SA: Alternative splicing of human prostaglandin G/H synthase mRNA and evidence of differential regulation of the resulting transcripts by transforming growth factor beta 1, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Biol Chem. 1992 May 25;267(15):10816-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Takahashi Y, Ueda N, Yoshimoto T, Yamamoto S, Yokoyama C, Miyata A, Tanabe T, Fuse I, Hattori A, Shibata A: Immunoaffinity purification and cDNA cloning of human platelet prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Jan 31;182(2):433-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Funk CD, Funk LB, Kennedy ME, Pong AS, Fitzgerald GA: Human platelet/erythroleukemia cell prostaglandin G/H synthase: cDNA cloning, expression, and gene chromosomal assignment. FASEB J. 1991 Jun;5(9):2304-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Yokoyama C, Tanabe T: Cloning of human gene encoding prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and primary structure of the enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Dec 15;165(2):888-94. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 290
Target 2 Name Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. COX-2
  2. Cyclooxygenase- 2
  3. EC 1.14.99.1
  4. PGH synthase 2
  5. PGHS-2
  6. PHS II
  7. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor
  8. Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2
  9. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
Target 2 Gene Name PTGS2
Target 2 Protein Sequence >Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor 
MLARALLLCAVLALSHTANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCSTPEFL
TRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTSRSHLIDSPPTYNADY
GYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVEKLLLRRKFIPDPQGS
NMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLARQRKLRLFKDGKMKY
QIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCD
VLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNKQFQYQ
NRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGITQFVESFTRQIAGRV
AGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFEELTGEKEMSAELEAL
YGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVICSPAYWKPSTFGGEV
GFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSRSGLDDINPTVLLKER
STEL
Target 2 Number of Residues 614
Target 2 Molecular Weight 68997
Target 2 Theoretical pI 7.41
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
antioxidant activity
peroxidase activity
Process
Not Available
Component
Not Available
Target 2 General Function Involved in peroxidase activity
Target 2 Specific Function May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity
Target 2 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolism map00590 Link Image
Target 2 Reactions
  • arachidonate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • 1-17
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 291988 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P35354 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PGH2_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Microsome
  • microsomal membrane
  • peripheral membrane protein
Target 2 Gene Sequence >1815 bp 
ATGCTCGCCCGCGCCCTGCTGCTGTGCGCGGTCCTGGCGCTCAGCCATACAGCAAATCCT
TGCTGTTCCCACCCATGTCAAAACCGAGGTGTATGTATGAGTGTGGGATTTGACCAGTAT
AAGTGCGATTGTACCCGGACAGGATTCTATGGAGAAAACTGCTCAACACCGGAATTTTTG
ACAAGAATAAAATTATTTCTGAAACCCACTCCAAACACAGTGCACTACATACTTACCCAC
TTCAAGGGATTTTGGAACGTTGTGAATAACATTCCCTTCCTTCGAAATGCAATTATGAGT
TATGTGTTGACATCCAGATCACATTTGATTGACAGTCCACCAACTTACAATGCTGACTAT
GGCTACAAAAGCTGGGAAGCCTTCTCTAACCTCTCCTATTATACTAGAGCCCTTCCTCCT
GTGCCTGATGATTGCCCGACTCCCTTGGGTGTCAAAGGTAAAAAGCAGCTTCCTGATTCA
AATGAGATTGTGGAAAAATTGCTTCTAAGAAGAAAGTTCATCCCTGATCCCCAGGGCTCA
AACATGATGTTTGCATTCTTTGCCCAGCACTTCACGCATCAGTTTTTCAAGACAGATCAT
AAGCGAGGGCCAGCTTTCACCAACGGGCTGGGCCATGGGGTGGACTTAAATCATATTTAC
GGTGAAACTCTGGCTAGACAGCGTAAACTGCGCCTTTTCAAGGATGGAAAAATGAAATAT
CAGATAATTGATGGAGAGATGTATCCTCCCACAGTCAAAGATACTCAGGCAGAGATGATC
TACCCTCCTCAAGTCCCTGAGCATCTACGGTTTGCTGTGGGGCAGGAGGTCTTTGGTCTG
GTGCCTGGTCTGATGATGTATGCCACAATCTGGCTGCGGGAACACAACAGAGTATGCGAT
GTGCTTAAACAGGAGCATCCTGAATGGGGTGATGAGCAGTTGTTCCAGACAAGCAGGCTA
ATACTGATAGGAGAGACTATTAAGATTGTGATTGAAGATTATGTGCAACACTTGAGTGGC
TATCACTTCAAACTGAAATTTGACCCAGAACTACTTTTCAACAAACAATTCCAGTACCAA
AATCGTATTGCTGCTGAATTTAACACCCTCTATCACTGGCATCCCCTTCTGCCTGACACC
TTTCAAATTCATGACCAGAAATACAACTATCAACAGTTTATCTACAACAACTCTATATTG
CTGGAACATGGAATTACCCAGTTTGTTGAATCATTCACCAGGCAAATTGCTGGCAGGGTT
GCTGGTGGTAGGAATGTTCCACCCGCAGTACAGAAAGTATCACAGGCTTCCACTGACCAG
AGCAGGCAGATGAAATACCAGTCTTTTAATGAGTACCGCAAACGCTTTATGCTGAAGCCC
TATGAATCATTTGAAGAACTTACAGGAGAAAAGGAAATGTCTGCAGAGTTGGAAGCACTC
TATGGTGACATCGATGCTGTGGAGCTGTATCCTGCCCTTCTGGTAGAAAAGCCTCGGCCA
GATGCCATCTTTGGTGAAACCATGGTAGAAGTTGGAGCACCATTCTCCTTGAAAGGACTT
ATGGGTAATGTTATATGTTCTCCTGCCTACTGGAAGCCAAGCACTTTTGGTGGAGAAGTG
GGTTTTCAAATCATCAACACTGCCTCAATTCAGTCTCTCATCTGCAATAACGTGAAGGGC
TGTCCCTTTACTTCATTCAGTGTTCCAGATCCAGAGCTCATTAAAACAGTCACCATCAAT
GCAAGTTCTTCCCGCTCCGGACTAGATGATATCAATCCCACAGTACTACTAAAAGAACGT
TCGACTGAACTGTAG
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID PTGS2 Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID PTGS2 Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:9605 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 1
Target 2 Locus 1q25.2-q25.3
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Hla T, Neilson K: Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 15;89(16):7384-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Appleby SB, Ristimaki A, Neilson K, Narko K, Hla T: Structure of the human cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene. Biochem J. 1994 Sep 15;302 ( Pt 3):723-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Kosaka T, Miyata A, Ihara H, Hara S, Sugimoto T, Takeda O, Takahashi E, Tanabe T: Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. Eur J Biochem. 1994 May 1;221(3):889-97. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Jones DA, Carlton DP, McIntyre TM, Zimmerman GA, Prescott SM: Molecular cloning of human prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase type II and demonstration of expression in response to cytokines. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 25;268(12):9049-54. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Lee YS, Kim H, Brahim JS, Rowan J, Lee G, Dionne RA: Acetaminophen selectively suppresses peripheral prostaglandin E2 release and increases COX-2 gene expression in a clinical model of acute inflammation. Pain. 2007 Jun;129(3):279-86. Epub 2006 Dec 18. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Weinheimer EM, Jemiolo B, Carroll CC, Harber MP, Haus JM, Burd NA, LeMoine JK, Trappe SW, Trappe TA: Resistance exercise and cyclooxygenase (COX) expression in human skeletal muscle: implications for COX-inhibiting drugs and protein synthesis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Jun;292(6):R2241-8. Epub 2007 Feb 22. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Hinz B, Cheremina O, Brune K: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in man. FASEB J. 2007 Sep 20;. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.