Acadesine

Identification

Generic Name
Acadesine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB04944
Background

Acadesine (AICA-riboside) is a purine nucleoside analog with anti-ischemic properties that is currently being studied (Phase 3) for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. It is being developed jointly by PeriCor and Schering-Plough. Acadesine has been granted Orphan Drug Designation for B-CLL in the EU.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 258.2313
Monoisotopic: 258.096419578
Chemical Formula
C9H14N4O5
Synonyms
  • Acadesina
  • Acadesine
  • Acadesinum
  • AICA-riboside
External IDs
  • GP 1-110
  • GP-1-110

Pharmacology

Indication

Investigated for use/treatment in cardiac reperfusion injury, cardiovascular disorders, and coronary artery disease.

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Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Acadesine has been shown to induce cell death apoptosis selectively in B-cells taken from healthy subjects and patients with B-CLL, with little effect on T-cells. As T-cells have an important role in fighting infection, it is anticipated that patients treated with acadesine will have a reduced risk of serious infections compared to those on current chemotherapies.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism by which acadesine selectively kills B-cells is not yet fully elucidated. The action of acadesine does not require the tumour suppressor protein p53 like other treatments. This is important, as p53 is often missing or defective in cancerous B-cells. Studies have shown acadesine activates AMPK and induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells but not in T lymphocytes.

Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Negligible (approximately 1%)

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

1 week

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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International/Other Brands
Acadra

Categories

ATC Codes
C01EB13 — Acadesine
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides. These are organic compounds in which the C-1 of a ribosyl moiety is N-linked to an imidazole ring. Nucleotides have a phosphate group linked to the C5 carbon of the ribose (or deoxyribose) moiety. This class does not contain benzimidazole nucleosides and nucleotides.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
Class
Imidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Imidazole ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides
Alternative Parents
Glycosylamines / Pentoses / N-substituted imidazoles / Aminoimidazoles / Tetrahydrofurans / Heteroaromatic compounds / Secondary alcohols / Oxacyclic compounds / Carboximidic acids / Azacyclic compounds
show 4 more
Substituents
Alcohol / Amine / Aminoimidazole / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Carboximidic acid / Carboximidic acid derivative / Glycosyl compound / Heteroaromatic compound
show 18 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
nucleoside analogue, aminoimidazole, 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide (CHEBI:28498)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
53IEF47846
CAS number
2627-69-2
InChI Key
RTRQQBHATOEIAF-UUOKFMHZSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H14N4O5/c10-7-4(8(11)17)12-2-13(7)9-6(16)5(15)3(1-14)18-9/h2-3,5-6,9,14-16H,1,10H2,(H2,11,17)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
5-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide
SMILES
[H][C@]1(CO)O[C@]([H])([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)N1C=NC(C(N)=O)=C1N

References

General References
  1. Dixon R, Fujitaki J, Sandoval T, Kisicki J: Acadesine (AICA-riboside): disposition and metabolism of an adenosine-regulating agent. J Clin Pharmacol. 1993 Oct;33(10):955-8. [Article]
  2. Menasche P, Jamieson WR, Flameng W, Davies MK: Acadesine: a new drug that may improve myocardial protection in coronary artery bypass grafting. Results of the first international multicenter study. Multinational Acadesine Study Group. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Oct;110(4 Pt 1):1096-106. [Article]
  3. Nawarskas JJ: Acadesine: a unique cardioprotective agent for myocardial ischemia. Heart Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;1(4):255-60. [Article]
  4. Campas C, Lopez JM, Santidrian AF, Barragan M, Bellosillo B, Colomer D, Gil J: Acadesine activates AMPK and induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells but not in T lymphocytes. Blood. 2003 May 1;101(9):3674-80. Epub 2003 Jan 9. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0062179
PubChem Compound
17513
PubChem Substance
175426912
ChemSpider
16560
ChEBI
28498
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1551724
ZINC
ZINC000003798074
Wikipedia
Acadesine

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3TerminatedPreventionCardiopulmonary Bypass / Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) / Left Ventricular Dysfunction / Myocardial Infarction / Stroke1
1, 2CompletedTreatmentLeukemia, B-Cell, Chronic1
1, 2TerminatedTreatmentSMD1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
Not Available
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)213 dec °CPhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility25.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-1.8ALOGPS
logP-2.6Chemaxon
logS-1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.45Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.82Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area156.85 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity58.27 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability24.03 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings2Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.8949
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9505
Caco-2 permeable-0.8296
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.7398
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9548
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9293
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9573
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8329
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8498
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.6421
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9295
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9418
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9527
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9265
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9582
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9793
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9027
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9076
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.8589
Rat acute toxicity1.9372 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9975
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8938
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0596-9430000000-675bbf40b4a04dfec20f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-08fr-0910000000-20b3b227f602b630be09
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a6r-1920000000-14ed366edeedad6f2b58
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-08ir-1910000000-ab4f18a20000bf36b038
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-4900000000-6770a2bec7f29abe6f70
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a6r-1900000000-20c44dddd7e710686637
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9500000000-1a98ed626a31ea648386
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-166.388084
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-167.579284
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-154.13832
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+166.199084
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+168.569684
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+156.49992
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+165.943084
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+167.948884
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+164.01598
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Drug created at October 21, 2007 22:23 / Updated at January 14, 2023 19:03