Enfuvirtide

Identification

Summary

Enfuvirtide is an HIV-1 gp41 fusion inhibitor used in patients experiencing HIV-1 replication who are already being treated with other anti-retrovirals.

Brand Names
Fuzeon
Generic Name
Enfuvirtide
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00109
Background

Enfuvirtide is a 36 amino acid biomimetic peptide that is structurally similar to the HIV proteins that are responsible for the fusion of the virus to cell membranes and subsequent intracellular uptake. The first agent in the novel class of antiretroviral drugs called HIV fusion inhibitors, enfuvirtide works by inhibiting HIV-1 fusion with CD4 cells.

Type
Biotech
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Biologic Classification
Protein Based Therapies
Peptides
Protein Structure
Protein Chemical Formula
C204H301N51O64
Protein Average Weight
4491.876 Da
Sequences
>DB00109 sequence
YTSLIHSLIEESQNQQEKNEQELLELDKWASLWNWF
Download FASTA Format
Synonyms
  • Enfuvirtida
  • Enfuvirtide
External IDs
  • DP-178
  • DP178
  • T-20
  • T20

Pharmacology

Indication

Enfuvirtide is an antiretroviral drug used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1/AIDS.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofHiv-1••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Enfuvirtide binds to the first heptad-repeat (HR1) in the gp41 subunit of the viral envelope glycoprotein and prevents the conformational changes required for the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. By disrupting the HIV-1 molecular machinery during its final stage of fusion with the target cell, enfuvirtide limits the spread of further infection. Enfuvirtide is a biomimetic peptide that was rationally designed to mimic components of the HIV-1 fusion machinery and displace them, preventing normal fusion.

TargetActionsOrganism
AEnvelope glycoproteinNot AvailableHuman immunodeficiency virus 1
Absorption

After a 90 mg single subcutaneous injection of Enfuvirtide into the abdomen in 12 HIV-1 infected subjects, the mean peak concentration is 4.59+/-1.5 ug/ml and the median time to peak concentration was 8 hours (ranged from 3 to12 hours).

Volume of distribution
  • 5.5 ± 1.1 L
Protein binding

92%

Metabolism

Expected to undergo catabolism to its constituent amino acids, with subsequent recycling of the amino acids in the body pool.

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

3.8 +/- 0.6 hrs

Clearance
  • 24.8 +/- 4.1 mL/h/kg [HIV-1 infected adult and pediatric subjects following a 90-mg single SC dose of enfuvirtide]
  • 30.6 +/- 10.6 mL/h/kg [Following 90-mg twice daily dosing of FUZEON SC in combination with other antiretroviral agents in HIV-1 infected subjects]
  • 40 +/- 17 mL/h/kg [pediatric patients in the presence of concomitant medications including antiretroviral agents receiving the 2 mg/kg twice daily dose]
Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
Adenovirus type 7 vaccine liveThe therapeutic efficacy of Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live can be decreased when used in combination with Enfuvirtide.
Anthrax vaccineThe therapeutic efficacy of Anthrax vaccine can be decreased when used in combination with Enfuvirtide.
Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain connaught live antigenThe therapeutic efficacy of Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain connaught live antigen can be decreased when used in combination with Enfuvirtide.
Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain russian BCG-I live antigenThe therapeutic efficacy of Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain russian BCG-I live antigen can be decreased when used in combination with Enfuvirtide.
Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain tice live antigenThe therapeutic efficacy of Bacillus calmette-guerin substrain tice live antigen can be decreased when used in combination with Enfuvirtide.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
FuzeonInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; Kit90 mg/1mLSubcutaneousGenentech, Inc.2012-04-10Not applicableUS flag
FuzeonInjection, powder, for solution90 mg/mlSubcutaneousRoche Registration Gmb H2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag
FuzeonPowder, for solution108 mg / vialSubcutaneousHoffmann La Roche2003-08-18Not applicableCanada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
FuzeonEnfuvirtide + WaterKitSubcutaneousRoche Laboratories Inc.2006-05-162006-08-29US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J05AX07 — Enfuvirtide
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
Not Available
Kingdom
Organic Compounds
Super Class
Organic Acids
Class
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub Class
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct Parent
Peptides
Alternative Parents
Not Available
Substituents
Not Available
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
19OWO1T3ZE
CAS number
159519-65-0

References

Synthesis Reference

Ananda Kuppanna, Reddy Maria Bhaskar Reddy Komma, Debashish Datta. An improved process for the preparation of enfuvirtide. WO2011095989A2 (Issued Aug 11, 2011).

General References
  1. Greenberg ML, Cammack N: Resistance to enfuvirtide, the first HIV fusion inhibitor. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004 Aug;54(2):333-40. Epub 2004 Jul 1. [Article]
UniProt
Q70626
Genbank
U12055
PubChem Substance
46506067
ChemSpider
16743716
BindingDB
50271301
RxNav
139896
ChEMBL
CHEMBL525076
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000157
PharmGKB
PA164744517
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Enfuvirtide
FDA label
Download (153 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Hoffmann la roche inc
Packagers
  • F Hoffmann La Roche Ltd.
  • F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
  • Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Pharmacia Inc.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral; Subcutaneous90 MG/ML
Injection, powder, for solutionSubcutaneous90 mg/ml
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; kitSubcutaneous90 mg/1mL
KitSubcutaneous
Powder, for solutionSubcutaneous108 mg / vial
SolutionSubcutaneous90.000 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionSubcutaneous90 mg
SolutionSubcutaneous108.00 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Fuzeon convenience kit3062.23USD kit
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US6475491No2002-11-052015-06-07US flag
US5464933No1995-11-072013-06-07US flag
CA2224008No2009-08-182016-06-06Canada flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
hydrophobicity-0.875Not Available
isoelectric point4.30Not Available

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Pharmacological action
Yes
General Function
Structural molecule activity
Specific Function
Not Available
Gene Name
gp41
Uniprot ID
Q53I07
Uniprot Name
Envelope glycoprotein
Molecular Weight
16767.98 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Cabrera C, Marfil S, Garcia E, Martinez-Picado J, Bonjoch A, Bofill M, Moreno S, Ribera E, Domingo P, Clotet B, Ruiz L: Genetic evolution of gp41 reveals a highly exclusive relationship between codons 36, 38 and 43 in gp41 under long-term enfuvirtide-containing salvage regimen. AIDS. 2006 Oct 24;20(16):2075-80. [Article]
  4. Mink M, Mosier SM, Janumpalli S, Davison D, Jin L, Melby T, Sista P, Erickson J, Lambert D, Stanfield-Oakley SA, Salgo M, Cammack N, Matthews T, Greenberg ML: Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 amino acid substitutions selected during enfuvirtide treatment on gp41 binding and antiviral potency of enfuvirtide in vitro. J Virol. 2005 Oct;79(19):12447-54. [Article]
  5. Aquaro S, D'Arrigo R, Svicher V, Perri GD, Caputo SL, Visco-Comandini U, Santoro M, Bertoli A, Mazzotta F, Bonora S, Tozzi V, Bellagamba R, Zaccarelli M, Narciso P, Antinori A, Perno CF: Specific mutations in HIV-1 gp41 are associated with immunological success in HIV-1-infected patients receiving enfuvirtide treatment. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Oct;58(4):714-22. Epub 2006 Aug 5. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight
55930.545 Da
References
  1. Patel IH, Zhang X, Nieforth K, Salgo M, Buss N: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug interaction potential of enfuvirtide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(2):175-86. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic ...
Gene Name
CYP2E1
Uniprot ID
P05181
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2E1
Molecular Weight
56848.42 Da
References
  1. Patel IH, Zhang X, Nieforth K, Salgo M, Buss N: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug interaction potential of enfuvirtide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(2):175-86. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 29, 2024 03:23