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Identification
Name Gramicidin D
Accession Number DB00027 (BIOD00036, BTD00036)
Type biotech
Groups approved
Description

15 residue peptide isolated from Bacillus brevis. With alternating D and L amino acids
Protein structure No_structure_small
Protein chemical formula C99H140N20O17
Protein average weight 1882.2947
Sequences
Synonyms Not Available
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Neosporin Pfizer
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Anti-Infectives
  • Antibiotic Agents
  • Ophthalmic Antibiotic
  • Topical Antibiotic
  • Antibiotics
CAS number 1405-97-6
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
Pharmacology
Indication For treatment of skin lesions, surface wounds and eye infections
Pharmacodynamics Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria. Because the drug is highly hemolytic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. It is normally given with two other antibiotics (neomycin and polymixin B) as an ophthalmic solution
Mechanism of action Gramicidin D binds to and inserts itself into bacterial membranes (with a strong preference to gram-positive cell membranes). This results in membrane disruption and permeabilization (it acts as a channel). This leads to (i) loss of intracellular solutes (e.g., K+ and amino acids); (ii) dissipation of the transmembrane potential; (iii) inhibition of respiration; (iv) a reduction in ATP pools; and (v) inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, which leads to cell death.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms Not Available
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers Not Available
Packagers
Dosage forms Not Available
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Gramicidin d powder 240.0 USD g
Neosporin gu irr 40 mg/ml amp 23.12 USD ml
Neosporin + pain relief cream 0.32 USD g
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents Not Available
Properties
State liquid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 229 °C Not Available
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Ketchem RR, Lee KC, Huo S, Cross TA: Macromolecular structural elucidation with solid-state NMR-derived orientational constraints. J Biomol NMR. 1996 Jul;8(1):1-14. Pubmed
  2. Townsley LE, Tucker WA, Sham S, Hinton JF: Structures of gramicidins A, B, and C incorporated into sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles. Biochemistry. 2001 Oct 2;40(39):11676-86. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
PharmGKB PA449808 Link_out
Drug Product Database 422908 Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramicidin_D Link_out
ATC Codes
  • R02AB30
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (71.9 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Transporters

1. Multidrug resistance protein 1

Actions: inhibitor

Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells

UniProt ID: P08183 Link_out
Gene: ABCB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on December 21, 2010 11:39