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Identification
Name L-Cysteine
Accession Number DB00151 (DB04443, NUTR00018)
Type small molecule
Groups approved, nutraceutical
Description

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form cystine. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
(R)-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid
(R)-Cysteine
2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid
3-mercapto-L-Alanine
b-Mercaptoalanine
carbocysteine
Cys
Cystein
Half-cystine
L-(+)-Cysteine
L-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid
L-Cys
Thioserine
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Salts Not Available
Brand names Not Available
Brand mixtures
Brand Name Ingredients
Amino Acid Concentrate Inj Arginine Hcl + Calcium Chloride + Dexpanthenol + Dextrose + Dl-Methionine + Glutamic Acid + Histidine Hcl + Isoleucine + L-Cysteine Hydrochloride + L-Lysine Hydrochloride + Leucine + Magnesium Sulfate + Nicotinamide + Phenylalanine + Potassium Chloride + Sodium Acetate + Threonine + Tryptophan + Valine + Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) + Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Amino Acid Inj Arginine + Calcium Chloride + D-Pantothenic Acid (Calcium D-Pantothenate) + Dextrose + Histidine + Isoleucine + L-Cysteine Hydrochloride + Leucine + Lysine + Magnesium Sulfate + Methionine + Nicotinamide + Phenylalanine + Potassium Chloride + Pyridoxine Hydrochloride + Sodium Acetate + Threonine + Tryptophan + Valine + Vitamin B1 + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B2
Amino Lite Arginine + Calcium Chloride + Dextrose + Isoleucine + L-Cysteine Hydrochloride + L-Histidine Hcl + L-Lysine Hydrochloride + Leucine + Magnesium Sulfate + Methionine + Nicotinic Acid + Phenylalanine + Potassium Chloride + Pyridoxine Hydrochloride + Sodium Glutamate + Thiamine Hydrochloride + Threonine + Tryptophan + Valine + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin 5'-Phosphate Sodium)
Aminoderm Poudre Glycine + L-Cysteine + Neomycin Sulfate + Threonine
Bvs Amino Acid Solution Inj Arginine Hcl + Calcium Chloride + Dexpanthenol + Dextrose + Dl-Isoleucine + L-Cysteine Hydrochloride + L-Histidine Hcl + L-Lysine Hydrochloride + Leucine + Magnesium Sulfate + Methionine + Nicotinamide + Phenylalanine + Potassium Chloride + Pyridoxine Hydrochloride + Sodium Acetate Hemodialysis + Sodium Glutamate + Threonine + Tryptophan + Valine + Vitamin B1 + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B2
Cicatrin Powder Bacitracin Zinc + Glycine + L-Cysteine + Neomycin Sulfate + Threonine
Nephramine Liq Iv Dl-Methionine + Histidine + Isoleucine + L-Cysteine (L-Cysteine Hydrochloride) + Leucine + Lysine (Lysine Acetate) + Phenylalanine + Sodium Bisulfite + Threonine + Tryptophan + Valine
Primene 10% Glutamic Acid + Glycine + Histidine + L-Alanine + L-Arginine + L-Aspartic Acid + L-Cysteine + L-Isoleucine + L-Leucine + L-Lysine + L-Ornithine Dihydrochloride + L-Phenylalanine + L-Proline + L-Threonine + L-Tyrosine + L-Valine + Methionine + Serine + Taurine + Tryptophan
Primene 10%-Liq Iv Glutamic Acid + Glycine + Histidine + L-Alanine + L-Arginine + L-Aspartic Acid + L-Cysteine Hydrochloride + L-Isoleucine + L-Leucine + L-Lysine + L-Ornithine + L-Phenylalanine + L-Proline + L-Threonine + L-Tyrosine + L-Valine + Methionine + Serine + Taurine + Tryptophan
Stv Amino Acid Sol Inj Arginine Hcl + Calcium Chloride + Dexpanthenol + Dextrose + Dl-Methionine + Glutamic Acid + Histidine Hcl + Isoleucine + L-Cysteine Hydrochloride + L-Lysine Hydrochloride + Leucine + Magnesium Sulfate + Nicotinamide + Phenylalanine + Potassium Chloride + Pyridoxine Hydrochloride + Sodium Acetate + Threonine + Tryptophan + Valine + Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Vamin 18 Electrolyte-Free Glutamic Acid + Glycine + Histidine + L-Alanine + L-Arginine + L-Aspartic Acid + L-Cysteine + L-Isoleucine + L-Leucine + L-Lysine (Lysine Acetate) + L-Phenylalanine + L-Proline + L-Threonine + L-Tyrosine + L-Valine + Methionine + Serine + Tryptophan
Vamin N Calcium Chloride + Glutamic Acid + Glycine + Histidine + L-Alanine + L-Arginine + L-Aspartic Acid + L-Cysteine (L-Cysteine Hydrochloride) + L-Isoleucine + L-Leucine + L-Lysine (L-Lysine Hydrochloride) + L-Phenylalanine + L-Proline + L-Threonine + L-Tyrosine + L-Valine + Magnesium Sulfate + Methionine + Potassium Chloride + Potassium Hydroxide + Serine + Sodium Hydroxide + Tryptophan
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Categories
  • Dietary supplement
  • Nutritional Supplement
CAS number 52-90-4
Weight Average: 121.158
Monoisotopic: 121.019749163
Chemical Formula C3H7NO2S
InChI Key InChIKey=XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
SMILES
N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec show (8.4 KB)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Amino Acids
Substructures
  • Amino Acids
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Acetates
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Thiols
Pharmacology
Indication For the prevention of liver damage and kidney damage associated with overdoses of acetaminophen
Pharmacodynamics Due to this ability to undergo redox reactions, cysteine has antioxidant properties. Cysteine is an important source of sulfur in human metabolism, and although it is classified as a non-essential amino acid, cysteine may be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic disease or who suffer from malabsorption syndromes. Cysteine may at some point be recognized as an essential or conditionally essential amino acid.
Mechanism of action Although classified as a non-essential amino acid cysteine may be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic disease or who suffer from malabsorption syndromes. Cysteine can usually be synthesized by the human body under normal physiological conditions if a sufficient quantity of methionine is available. Due to the ability of thiols to undergo redox reactions, cysteine has antioxidant properties. Cysteine's antioxidant properties are typically expressed in the tripeptide glutathione, which occurs in humans as well as other organisms. The systemic availability of oral glutathione (GSH) is negligible; so it must be biosynthesized from its constituent amino acids, cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid. Glutamic acid and glycine are readily available in the diets of most industrialized countries, but the availability of cysteine can be the limiting substrate. Cysteine is also an important source of sulfide in human metabolism. The sulfide in iron-sulfur clusters and in nitrogenase is extracted from cysteine, which is converted to alanine in the process. In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, cysteine is one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. Its use or purpose, however, is unknown, like most cigarette additives. Its inclusion in cigarettes could offer two benefits: Acting as an expectorant, since smoking increases mucus production in the lungs; and increasing the beneficial antioxidant glutathione (which is diminished in smokers).
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism Not Available
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Hospira inc
Packagers
Dosage forms Not Available
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
L-cysteine powder 1.65 USD g
L-cysteine 50 mg/ml vial 0.4 USD ml
L-cysteine hcl powder 0.3 USD g
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 240 dec °C PhysProp
water solubility 2.77E+005 mg/L (at 25 °C) BEILSTEIN
logP -2.49 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
pKa 1.71 MERCK INDEX (1996); pK1
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 2.31e+01 g/l ALOGPS
logP -2.6 ALOGPS
logP -2.8 ChemAxon
logS -0.72 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 2.35 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 9.05 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 3 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 3 ChemAxon
polar surface area 63.32 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 2 ChemAxon
refractivity 28.22 ChemAxon
polarizability 11.46 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Bulaj G, Kortemme T, Goldenberg DP: Ionization-reactivity relationships for cysteine thiols in polypeptides. Biochemistry. 1998 Jun 23;37(25):8965-72. Pubmed
  2. Baker DH, Czarnecki-Maulden GL: Pharmacologic role of cysteine in ameliorating or exacerbating mineral toxicities. J Nutr. 1987 Jun;117(6):1003-10. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00026 Link_out
KEGG Compound C00097 Link_out
PubChem Compound 5862 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46506553 Link_out
ChemSpider 5653 Link_out
ChEBI 17561 Link_out
ChEMBL 17561 Link_out
PharmGKB PA449173 Link_out
HET CYS Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Cysteine Link_out
ATC Codes
  • R05CB01
  • S01XA08
  • V03AB23
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (73.2 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P48507 Link_out
Gene: GCLM Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ashida H, Sawa Y, Shibata H: Cloning, biochemical and phylogenetic characterizations of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Plant Cell Physiol. 2005 Apr;46(4):557-62. Epub 2005 Feb 2. Pubmed

2. Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P48506 Link_out
Gene: GCLC Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ashida H, Sawa Y, Shibata H: Cloning, biochemical and phylogenetic characterizations of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Plant Cell Physiol. 2005 Apr;46(4):557-62. Epub 2005 Feb 2. Pubmed
  2. Srivastava S, Chan C: Application of metabolic flux analysis to identify the mechanisms of free fatty acid toxicity to human hepatoma cell line. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2007 Jul 5;. Pubmed

3. Cysteine dioxygenase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q16857 Link_out
Gene: CDO-1
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Jin HF, DU SX, Zhao X, Zhang SQ, Tian Y, Bu DF, Tang CS, DU JB: [Significance of endogenous sulfur dioxide in the regulation of cardiovascular system] Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 2007 Aug 18;39(4):423-5. Pubmed
  2. Roopnarinesingh ES, Steventon GB, Harris RM, Waring RH, Mitchell SC: Induction of cysteine dioxygenase activity by oral administration of cysteine analogues to the rat: implications for drug efficacy and safety. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2005;21(2):75-86. Pubmed
  3. Ye S, Wu X, Wei L, Tang D, Sun P, Bartlam M, Rao Z: An insight into the mechanism of human cysteine dioxygenase. Key roles of the thioether-bonded tyrosine-cysteine cofactor. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 2;282(5):3391-402. Epub 2006 Nov 29. Pubmed
  4. McCoy JG, Bailey LJ, Bitto E, Bingman CA, Aceti DJ, Fox BG, Phillips GN Jr: Structure and mechanism of mouse cysteine dioxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 28;103(9):3084-9. Epub 2006 Feb 21. Pubmed
  5. Pierce BS, Gardner JD, Bailey LJ, Brunold TC, Fox BG: Characterization of the nitrosyl adduct of substrate-bound mouse cysteine dioxygenase by electron paramagnetic resonance: electronic structure of the active site and mechanistic implications. Biochemistry. 2007 Jul 24;46(29):8569-78. Epub 2007 Jun 28. Pubmed

4. Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P17174 Link_out
Gene: GOT1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

5. Cystathionine gamma-lyase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P32929 Link_out
Gene: CTH Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Fiorucci S, Antonelli E, Mencarelli A, Orlandi S, Renga B, Rizzo G, Distrutti E, Shah V, Morelli A: The third gas: H2S regulates perfusion pressure in both the isolated and perfused normal rat liver and in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2005 Sep;42(3):539-48. Pubmed
  2. Zhang H, Zhi L, Moore PK, Bhatia M: Role of hydrogen sulfide in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in the mouse. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006 Jun;290(6):L1193-201. Epub 2006 Jan 20. Pubmed
  3. Wallace JL, Dicay M, McKnight W, Martin GR: Hydrogen sulfide enhances ulcer healing in rats. FASEB J. 2007 Jul 18;. Pubmed

6. Cystathionine beta-synthase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35520 Link_out
Gene: CBS Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhang H, Zhi L, Moore PK, Bhatia M: Role of hydrogen sulfide in cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in the mouse. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006 Jun;290(6):L1193-201. Epub 2006 Jan 20. Pubmed
  2. Lowicka E, Beltowski J: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) – the third gas of interest for pharmacologists. Pharmacol Rep. 2007 Jan-Feb;59(1):4-24. Pubmed
  3. Tamizhselvi R, Moore PK, Bhatia M: Hydrogen sulfide acts as a mediator of inflammation in acute pancreatitis: in vitro studies using isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells. J Cell Mol Med. 2007 Mar-Apr;11(2):315-26. Pubmed
  4. Oh GS, Pae HO, Lee BS, Kim BN, Kim JM, Kim HR, Jeon SB, Jeon WK, Chae HJ, Chung HT: Hydrogen sulfide inhibits nitric oxide production and nuclear factor-kappaB via heme oxygenase-1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Jul 1;41(1):106-19. Epub 2006 Apr 25. Pubmed
  5. Bhatia M, Wong FL, Fu D, Lau HY, Moochhala SM, Moore PK: Role of hydrogen sulfide in acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury. FASEB J. 2005 Apr;19(6):623-5. Epub 2005 Jan 25. Pubmed

7. Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P49589 Link_out
Gene: CARS Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

8. Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase

Pharmacological action: unknown

Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) in DNA. Repairs alkylated guanine in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the alkyl group at the O-6 position to a cysteine residue in the enzyme. This is a suicide reaction:the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P16455 Link_out
Gene: MGMT Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Niture SK, Velu CS, Smith QR, Bhat GJ, Srivenugopal KS: Increased expression of the MGMT repair protein mediated by cysteine prodrugs and chemopreventative natural products in human lymphocytes and tumor cell lines. Carcinogenesis. 2007 Feb;28(2):378-89. Epub 2006 Aug 31. Pubmed

9. Glutathione synthetase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P48637 Link_out
Gene: GSS Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Tanaka T, Halicka HD, Huang X, Traganos F, Darzynkiewicz Z: Constitutive histone H2AX phosphorylation and ATM activation, the reporters of DNA damage by endogenous oxidants. Cell Cycle. 2006 Sep;5(17):1940-5. Epub 2006 Sep 1. Pubmed

10. Thiamine transporter 2

Pharmacological action: unknown

Mediates high affinity thiamine uptake, propably via a proton anti-port mechanism. Has no folate transport activity

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9BZV2 Link_out
Gene: SLC19A3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

11. Probable cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown

ATP + L-cysteine + tRNA(Cys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys)

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9HA77 Link_out
Gene: CARS2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed

12. Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9Y600 Link_out
Gene: CSAD Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Chan-Palay V, Lin CT, Palay S, Yamamoto M, Wu JY: Taurine in the mammalian cerebellum: demonstration by autoradiography with [3H]taurine and immunocytochemistry with antibodies against the taurine-synthesizing enzyme, cysteine-sulfinic acid decarboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Apr;79(8):2695-9. Pubmed
  4. Guion-Rain M-C, Portemer C, Chatagner F: Rat liver cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase: purification, new appraisal of the molecular weight and determination of catalytic properties. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Mar 28;384(1):265-76. Pubmed
  5. Daniels KM, Stipanuk MH: The effect of dietary cysteine level on cysteine metabolism in rats. J Nutr. 1982 Nov;112(11):2130-41. Pubmed

13. Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial

Pharmacological action: unknown

Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur from cysteine to produce alanine. It supplies the inorganic sulfur for iron- sulfur (Fe-S) clusters

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q9Y697 Link_out
Gene: NFS1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. You D, Wang L, Yao F, Zhou X, Deng Z: A novel DNA modification by sulfur: DndA is a NifS-like cysteine desulfurase capable of assembling DndC as an iron-sulfur cluster protein in Streptomyces lividans. Biochemistry. 2007 May 22;46(20):6126-33. Epub 2007 May 1. Pubmed
  2. Ding H, Harrison K, Lu J: Thioredoxin reductase system mediates iron binding in IscA and iron delivery for the iron-sulfur cluster assembly in IscU. J Biol Chem. 2005 Aug 26;280(34):30432-7. Epub 2005 Jun 28. Pubmed
  3. Ding B, Smith ES, Ding H: Mobilization of the iron centre in IscA for the iron-sulphur cluster assembly in IscU. Biochem J. 2005 Aug 1;389(Pt 3):797-802. Pubmed
  4. Yang J, Bitoun JP, Ding H: Interplay of IscA and IscU in biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters. J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 22;281(38):27956-63. Epub 2006 Jul 27. Pubmed
  5. Layer G, Ollagnier-de Choudens S, Sanakis Y, Fontecave M: Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis: characterization of Escherichia coli CYaY as an iron donor for the assembly of [2Fe-2S] clusters in the scaffold IscU. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 16;281(24):16256-63. Epub 2006 Apr 9. Pubmed

14. Cysteine dioxygenase type 1

Pharmacological action: unknown
Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q16878 Link_out
Gene: CDO1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Roopnarinesingh ES, Steventon GB, Harris RM, Waring RH, Mitchell SC: Induction of cysteine dioxygenase activity by oral administration of cysteine analogues to the rat: implications for drug efficacy and safety. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2005;21(2):75-86. Pubmed
  2. McCoy JG, Bailey LJ, Bitto E, Bingman CA, Aceti DJ, Fox BG, Phillips GN Jr: Structure and mechanism of mouse cysteine dioxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 28;103(9):3084-9. Epub 2006 Feb 21. Pubmed
  3. Ye S, Wu X, Wei L, Tang D, Sun P, Bartlam M, Rao Z: An insight into the mechanism of human cysteine dioxygenase. Key roles of the thioether-bonded tyrosine-cysteine cofactor. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 2;282(5):3391-402. Epub 2006 Nov 29. Pubmed
  4. Jin HF, DU SX, Zhao X, Zhang SQ, Tian Y, Bu DF, Tang CS, DU JB: [Significance of endogenous sulfur dioxide in the regulation of cardiovascular system] Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 2007 Aug 18;39(4):423-5. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Monocarboxylate transporter 10

Actions: inhibitor

Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells (By similarity)

UniProt ID: Q8TF71 Link_out
Gene: SLC16A10 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19