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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:06:51
Primary Accession Number DB00235
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00010
Name Milrinone
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description A positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the ionotropic potency of amrinone. [PubChem]
Synonyms
  1. Milrinone Lactate
Brand Names
  1. Corotrop
  2. Corotrope
  3. Milrila
  4. Primacor
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name 6-methyl-2-oxo-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile
Chemical Formula C12H9N3O
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 78415-72-2
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C12H9N3O/c1-8-11(9-2-4-14-5-3-9)6-10(7-13)12(16)15-8/h2-6H,1H3,(H,15,16)/f/h15H
InChI Key PZRHRDRVRGEVNW-YAQRNVERCW
KEGG Drug D00417 Link Image
KEGG Compound C07224 Link Image
PubChem Compound 4197 Link Image
PubChem Substance 9433 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA450510 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02244811 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/milrin.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milrinone Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 211.2194
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 211.0746
State Solid
Melting Point >300 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Slightly soluble Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 2.09e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 0.4 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 1.04 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -3.00 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CC1=C(C=C(C#N)C(=O)N1)C1=CC=NC=C1
Canonical SMILES CC1=C(C=C(C#N)C(=O)N1)C1=CC=NC=C1
Drug Category
  • Cardiotonic Agents
  • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
  • Vasodilator Agents
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 24:04.08
Indication Indicated for the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Pharmacology Milrinone, a synthetic dimethylxanthine derivative structurally related to theophylline and caffeine, is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.
Mechanism of Action Milrinone inhibits erythrocyte phosphodiesterase, resulting in an increase in erythrocyte cAMP activity. Subsequently, the erythrocyte membrane becomes more resistant to deformity. Along with erythrocyte activity, Milrinone also decreases blood viscosity by reducing plasma fibrinogen concentrations and increasing fibrinolytic activity.
Absorption Milrinone is rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration. Bioavailability is 92% (in healthy volunteers).
Toxicity LD50 = 0.3 mg/L in rats
Protein Binding 70 to 80%
Biotransformation There are five metabolites but the O-glucuronide represents the major pathway of biotransformation.
Half Life 2.3 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Liquid Intravenous
Solution Intravenous
Patient Information Not Available
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Pathways Not Available
General References
  1. Wikipedia Link Image
  2. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Targets
  1. cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A
  2. cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 485
Target 1 Name cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. CGI-PDE A
  2. Cyclic GMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase A
  3. EC 3.1.4.17
Target 1 Gene Name PDE3A
Target 1 Protein Sequence >cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A 
MAVPGDAARVRDKPVHSGVSQAPTAGRDCHHRADPASPRDSGCRGCWGDLVLQPLRSSRK
LSSALCAGSLSFLLALLVRLVRGEVGCDLEQCKEAAAAEEEEAAPGAEGGVFPGPRGGAP
GGGARLSPWLQPSALLFSLLCAFFWMGLYLLRAGVRLPLAVALLAACCGGEALVQIGLGV
GEDHLLSLPAAGVVLSCLAAATWLVLRLRLGVLMIALTSAVRTVSLISLERFKVAWRPYL
AYLAGVLGILLARYVEQILPQSAEAAPREHLGSQLIAGTKEDIPVFKRRRRSSSVVSAEM
SGCSSKSHRRTSLPCIPREQLMGHSEWDHKRGPRGSQSSGTSITVDIAVMGEAHGLITDL
LADPSLPPNVCTSLRAVSNLLSTQLTFQAIHKPRVNPVTSLSENYTCSDSEESSEKDKLA
IPKRLRRSLPPGLLRRVSSTWTTTTSATGLPTLEPAPVRRDRSTSIKLQEAPSSSPDSWN
NPVMMTLTKSRSFTSSYAISAANHVKAKKQSRPGALAKISPLSSPCSSPLQGTPASSLVS
KISAVQFPESADTTAKQSLGSHRALTYTQSAPDLSPQILTPPVICSSCGRPYSQGNPADE
PLERSGVATRTPSRTDDTAQVTSDYETNNNSDSSDIVQNEDETECLREPLRKASACSTYA
PETMMFLDKPILAPEPLVMDNLDSIMEQLNTWNFPIFDLVENIGRKCGRILSQVSYRLFE
DMGLFEAFKIPIREFMNYFHALEIGYRDIPYHNRIHATDVLHAVWYLTTQPIPGLSTVIN
DHGSTSDSDSDSGFTHGHMGYVFSKTYNVTDDKYGCLSGNIPALELMALYVAAAMHDYDH
PGRTNAFLVATSAPQAVLYNDRSVLENHHAAAAWNLFMSRPEYNFLINLDHVEFKHFRFL
VIEAILATDLKKHFDFVAKFNGKVNDDVGIDWTNENDRLLVCQMCIKLADINGPAKCKEL
HLQWTDGIVNEFYEQGDEEASLGLPISPFMDRSAPQLANLQESFISHIVGPLCNSYDSAG
LMPGKWVEDSDESGDTDDPEEEEEEAPAPNEEETCENNESPKKKTFKRRKIYCQITQHLL
QNHKMWKKVIEEEQRLAGIENQSLDQTPQSHSSEQIQAIKEEEEEKGKPRGEEIPTQKPD
Q
Target 1 Number of Residues 1160
Target 1 Molecular Weight 124980
Target 1 Theoretical pI 5.87
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
catalytic activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
Component
Not Available
Target 1 General Function Involved in cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
Target 1 Specific Function Hydrolyzes both cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP)
Target 1 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Purine metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
Target 1 Reactions
  • nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 61-83; 129-151; 158-180; 184-206; 238-255
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 38201493 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q14432 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PDE3A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • peripheral membrane protein (Potential)
Target 1 Gene Sequence >3426 bp 
ATGGCAGTGCCCGGCGACGCTGCACGAGTCAGGGACAAGCCCGTCCACAGTGGGGTGAGT
CAAGCCCCCACGGCGGGCCGGGACTGCCACCATCGTGCGGACCCCGCATCGCCGCGGGAC
TCGGGCTGCCGTGGCTGCTGGGGAGACCTGGTGCTGCAGCCGCTCCGGAGCTCTCGGAAA
CTTTCCTCCGCGCTGTGCGCGGGCTCCCTATCCTTTCTGCTGGCGCTGCTGGTGAGGCTG
GTCCGCGGGGAGGTCGGCTGTGACCTGGAGCAGTGTAAGGAGGCGGCGGCGGCGGAGGAG
GAGGAAGCAGCCCCGGGAGCAGAAGGGGGCGTCTTCCCGGGGCCTCGGGGAGGTGCTCCC
GGGGGCGGTGCGCGGCTCAGCCCCTGGCTGCAGCCCTCGGCGCTGCTCTTCAGTCTCCTG
TGTGCCTTCTTCTGGATGGGCTTGTACCTCCTGCGCGCCGGGGTGCGCCTGCCTCTGGCT
GTCGCGCTGCTGGCCGCCTGCTGCGGGGGGGAAGCGCTCGTCCAGATTGGGCTGGGCGTC
GGGGAGGATCACTTACTCTCACTCCCCGCTGCGGGGGTGGTGCTCAGCTGCTTGGCCGCC
GCGACATGGCTGGTGCTGAGGCTGAGGCTGGGCGTCCTCATGATCGCCTTGACTAGCGCG
GTCAGGACCGTGTCCCTCATTTCCTTAGAGAGGTTCAAGGTCGCCTGGAGACCTTACCTG
GCGTACCTGGCCGGCGTGCTGGGGATCCTCTTGGCCAGGTACGTGGAACAAATCTTGCCG
CAGTCCGCGGAGGCGGCTCCAAGGGAGCATTTGGGGTCCCAGCTGATTGCTGGGACCAAG
GAAGATATCCCGGTGTTTAAGAGGAGGAGGCGGTCCAGCTCCGTCGTGTCCGCCGAGATG
TCCGGCTGCAGCAGCAAGTCCCATCGGAGGACCTCCCTGCCCTGTATACCGAGGGAACAG
CTCATGGGGCATTCAGAATGGGACCACAAACGAGGGCCAAGAGGATCACAGTCTTCAGGA
ACCAGTATTACTGTGGACATCGCCGTCATGGGCGAAGCCCACGGCCTCATTACCGACCTC
CTGGCAGACCCTTCTCTTCCACCAAACGTGTGCACATCCTTGAGAGCCGTGAGCAACTTG
CTCAGCACACAGCTCACCTTCCAGGCCATTCACAAGCCCAGAGTGAATCCCGTTACTTCG
CTCAGTGAAAACTATACCTGTTCTGACTCTGAAGAGAGCTCTGAAAAAGACAAGCTTGCT
ATTCCAAAGCGCCTGAGAAGGAGTTTGCCTCCTGGCTTGTTGAGACGAGTTTCTTCCACT
TGGACCACCACCACCTCGGCCACAGGTCTACCCACCTTGGAGCCTGCACCAGTACGGAGA
GACCGCAGCACCAGCATCAAACTGCAGGAAGCACCTTCATCCAGTCCTGATTCTTGGAAT
AATCCAGTGATGATGACCCTCACCAAAAGCAGATCCTTTACTTCATCCTATGCTATTTCT
GCAGCTAACCATGTAAAGGCTAAAAAGCAAAGTCGACCAGGTGCCCTCGCTAAAATTTCA
CCTCTTTCATCGCCCTGCTCCTCACCTCTCCAAGGGACTCCTGCCAGCAGCCTGGTCAGC
AAAATTTCTGCAGTGCAGTTTCCAGAATCTGCTGACACAACTGCCAAACAAAGCCTAGGT
TCTCACAGGGCCTTAACTTACACTCAGAGTGCCCCAGACCTATCCCCTCAAATCCTGACT
CCACCTGTTATATGTAGCAGCTGTGGCAGACCATATTCCCAAGGGAATCCTGCTGATGAG
CCCCTGGAGAGAAGTGGGGTAGCCACTCGGACACCAAGTCGAACAGATGACACTGCTCAA
GTTACCTCTGATTATGAAACCAATAACAACAGTGACAGCAGTGACATTGTACAGAATGAA
GATGAAACAGAGTGCCTGAGAGAGCCTCTGAGGAAAGCATCGGCTTGCAGCACCTATGCT
CCTGAGACCATGATGTTTCTGGACAAACCAATTCTTGCTCCCGAACCTCTTGTCATGGAT
AACCTGGACTCAATTATGGAGCAGCTAAATACTTGGAATTTTCCAATTTTTGATTTAGTG
GAAAATATAGGAAGAAAATGTGGCCGTATTCTTAGTCAGGTATCTTACAGACTTTTTGAA
GACATGGGCCTCTTTGAAGCTTTTAAAATTCCAATTAGGGAATTTATGAATTATTTTCAT
GCTTTGGAGATTGGATATAGGGATATTCCTTATCATAACAGAATCCATGCCACTGATGTT
TTACATGCTGTTTGGTATCTTACTACACAGCCTATTCCAGGCCTCTCAACTGTGATTAAT
GATCATGGTTCAACCAGTGATTCAGATTCTGACAGTGGATTTACACATGGACATATGGGA
TATGTATTCTCAAAAACGTATAATGTGACAGATGATAAATACGGATGTCTGTCTGGGAAT
ATCCCTGCCTTGGAGTTGATGGCGCTGTATGTGGCTGCAGCCATGCACGATTATGATCAT
CCAGGAAGGACTAATGCTTTCCTGGTTGCAACTAGTGCTCCTCAGGCGGTGCTATATAAC
GATCGTTCAGTTTTGGAGAATCATCACGCAGCTGCTGCATGGAATCTTTTCATGTCCCGG
CCAGAGTATAACTTCTTAATTAACCTTGACCATGTGGAATTTAAGCATTTCCGTTTCCTT
GTCATTGAAGCAATTTTGGCCACTGACCTGAAGAAACACTTTGACTTCGTAGCCAAATTT
AATGGCAAGGTAAATGATGATGTTGGAATAGATTGGACCAATGAAAATGATCGTCTACTG
GTTTGTCAAATGTGTATAAAGTTGGCTGATATCAATGGTCCAGCTAAATGTAAAGAACTC
CATCTTCAGTGGACAGATGGTATTGTCAATGAATTTTATGAACAGGGTGATGAAGAGGCC
AGCCTTGGATTACCCATAAGCCCCTTCATGGATCGTTCTGCTCCTCAGCTGGCCAACCTT
CAGGAATCCTTCATCTCTCACATTGTGGGGCCTCTGTGCAACTCCTATGATTCAGCAGGA
CTAATGCCTGGAAAATGGGTGGAAGACAGCGATGAGTCAGGAGATACTGATGACCCAGAA
GAAGAGGAGGAAGAAGCACCAGCACCAAATGAAGAGGAAACCTGTGAAAATAATGAATCT
CCAAAAAAGAAGACTTTCAAAAGGAGAAAAATCTACTGCCAAATAACTCAGCACCTCTTA
CAGAACCACAAGATGTGGAAGAAAGTCATTGAAGAGGAGCAACGGTTGGCAGGCATAGAA
AATCAATCCCTGGACCAGACCCCTCAGTCGCACTCTTCAGAACAGATCCAGGCTATCAAG
GAAGAAGAAGAAGAGAAAGGGAAACCAAGAGGCGAGGAGATACCAACCCAAAAGCCAGAC
CAGTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID PDE3A Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID PDE3A Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:8778 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 12
Target 1 Locus 12p12
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Meacci E, Taira M, Moos M Jr, Smith CJ, Movsesian MA, Degerman E, Belfrage P, Manganiello V: Molecular cloning and expression of human myocardial cGMP-inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 May 1;89(9):3721-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Cheung PP, Xu H, McLaughlin MM, Ghazaleh FA, Livi GP, Colman RW: Human platelet cGI-PDE: expression in yeast and localization of the catalytic domain by deletion mutagenesis. Blood. 1996 Aug 15;88(4):1321-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Cone J, Wang S, Tandon N, Fong M, Sun B, Sakurai K, Yoshitake M, Kambayashi J, Liu Y: Comparison of the effects of cilostazol and milrinone on intracellular cAMP levels and cellular function in platelets and cardiac cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;34(4):497-504. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kuthe A, Magert H, Uckert S, Forssmann WG, Stief CG, Jonas U: Gene expression of the phosphodiesterases 3A and 5A in human corpus cavernosum penis. Eur Urol. 2000 Jul;38(1):108-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Lefievre L, de Lamirande E, Gagnon C: Presence of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases PDE1A, existing as a stable complex with calmodulin, and PDE3A in human spermatozoa. Biol Reprod. 2002 Aug;67(2):423-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Zhang W, Ke H, Colman RW: Identification of interaction sites of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 3A with milrinone and cilostazol using molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Sep;62(3):514-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Shakur Y, Fong M, Hensley J, Cone J, Movsesian MA, Kambayashi J, Yoshitake M, Liu Y: Comparison of the effects of cilostazol and milrinone on cAMP-PDE activity, intracellular cAMP and calcium in the heart. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2002 Sep;16(5):417-27. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 1971
Target 2 Name cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. DPDE2
  2. EC 3.1.4.17
  3. PDE46
Target 2 Gene Name PDE4A
Target 2 Protein Sequence >cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A 
MEPPTVPSERSLSLSLPGPREGQATLKPPPQHLWRQPRTPIRIQQRGYSDSAERAERERQ
PHRPIERADAMDTSDRPGLRTTRMSWPSSFHGTGTGSGGAGGGSSRRFEAENGPTPSPGR
SPLDSQASPGLVLHAGAATSQRRESFLYRSDSDYDMSPKTMSRNSSVTSEAHAEDLIVTP
FAQVLASLRSVRSNFSLLTNVPVPSNKRSPLGGPTPVCKATLSEETCQQLARETLEELDW
CLEQLETMQTYRSVSEMASHKFKRMLNRELTHLSEMSRSGNQVSEYISTTFLDKQNEVEI
PSPTMKEREKQQAPRPRPSQPPPPPVPHLQPMSQITGLKKLMHSNSLNNSNIPRFGVKTD
QEELLAQELENLNKWGLNIFCVSDYAGGRSLTCIMYMIFQERDLLKKFRIPVDTMVTYML
TLEDHYHADVAYHNSLHAADVLQSTHVLLATPALDAVFTDLEILAALFAAAIHDVDHPGV
SNQFLINTNSELALMYNDESVLENHHLAVGFKLLQEDNCDIFQNLSKRQRQSLRKMVIDM
VLATDMSKHMTLLADLKTMVETKKVTSSGVLLLDNYSDRIQVLRNMVHCADLSNPTKPLE
LYRQWTDRIMAEFFQQGDRERERGMEISPMCDKHTASVEKSQVGFIDYIVHPLWETWADL
VHPDAQEILDTLEDNRDWYYSAIRQSPSPPPEEESRGPGHPPLPDKFQFELTLEEEEEEE
ISMAQIPCTAQEALTAQGLSGVEEALDATIAWEASPAQESLEVMAQEASLEAELEAVYLT
QQAQSTGSAPVAPDEFSSREEFVVAVSHSSPSALALQSPLLPAWRTLSVSEHAPGLPGLP
STAAEVEAQREHQAAKRACSACAGTFGEDTSALPAPGGGGSGGDPT
Target 2 Number of Residues 900
Target 2 Molecular Weight 98144
Target 2 Theoretical pI 4.87
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
catalytic activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
Component
Not Available
Target 2 General Function Involved in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
Target 2 Specific Function Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H(2)O = adenosine 5'-phosphate
Target 2 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Purine metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
Target 2 Reactions
  • nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 347120 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P27815 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PDE4A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Isoform 4:Membrane
  • peripheral membrane protein. Note=Isoform 4 has propensity for association with
Target 2 Gene Sequence >2661 bp 
ATGGAACCCCCGACCGTCCCCTCGGAAAGGAGCCTGTCTCTGTCACTGCCCGGGCCCCGG
GAGGGCCAGGCCACCCTGAAGCCTCCCCCGCAGCACCTGTGGCGGCAGCCTCGGACCCCC
ATCCGTATCCAGCAGCGCGGCTACTCCGACAGCGCGGAGCGCGCCGAGCGGGAGCGGCAG
CCGCACCGGCCCATAGAGCGCGCCGATGCCATGGACACCAGCGACCGGCCCGGCCTGCGC
ACGACCCGCATGTCCTGGCCCTCGTCCTTCCATGGCACTGGCACCGGCAGCGGCGGCGCG
GGCGGAGGCAGCAGCAGGCGCTTCGAGGCAGAGAATGGGCCGACACCATCTCCTGGCCGC
AGCCCCCTGGACTCGCAGGCGAGCCCAGGACTCGTGCTGCACGCCGGGGCGGCCACCAGC
CAGCGCCGGGAGTCCTTCCTGTACCGCTCAGACAGCGACTATGACATGTCACCCAAGACC
ATGTCCCGGAACTCATCGGTCACCAGCGAGGCGCACGCTGAAGACCTCATCGTAACACCA
TTTGCTCAGGTGCTGGCCAGCCTCCGGAGCGTCCGTAGCAACTTCTCACTCCTGACCAAT
GTGCCCGTTCCCAGTAACAAGCGGTCCCCGCTGGGCGGCCCCACCCCTGTCTGCAAGGCC
ACGCTGTCAGAAGAAACGTGTCAGCAGTTGGCCCGGGAGACTCTGGAGGAGCTGGACTGG
TGTCTGGAGCAGCTGGAGACCATGCAGACCTATCGCTCTGTCAGCGAGATGGCCTCGCAC
AAGTTCAAAAGGATGTTGAACCGTGAGCTCACACACCTGTCAGAAATGAGCAGGTCCGGA
AACCAGGTCTCAGAGTACATTTCCACAACATTCCTGGACAAACAGAATGAAGTGGAGATC
CCATCACCCACGATGAAGGAACGAGAAAAACAGCAAGCGCCGCGACCAAGACCCTCCCAG
CCGCCCCCGCCCCCTGTACCACACTTACAGCCCATGTCCCAAATCACAGGGTTGAAAAAG
TTGATGCATAGTAACAGCCTGAACAACTCTAACATTCCCCGATTTGGGGTGAAGACCGAT
CAAGAAGAGCTCCTGGCCCAAGAACTGGAGAACCTGAACAAGTGGGGCCTGAACATCTTT
TGCGTGTCGGATTACGCTGGAGGCCGCTCACTCACCTGCATCATGTACATGATATTCCAG
GAGCGGGACCTGCTGAAGAAATTCCGCATCCCGGTGGACACGATGGTGACATACATGCTG
ACGCTGGAGGATCACTACCACGCTGACGTGGCCTACCATAACAGCCTGCACGCAGCTGAC
GTGCTGCAGTCCACCCACGTACTGCTGGCCACGCCTGCACTAGATGCAGTGTTCACGGAC
CTGGAGATTCTCGCCGCCCTCTTCGCGGCTGCCATCCACGATGTGGATCACCCTGGGGTC
TCCAACCAGTTCCTCATCAACACCAATTCGGAGCTGGCGCTCATGTACAACGATGAGTCG
GTGCTCGAGAATCACCACCTGGCCGTGGGCTTCAAGCTGCTGCAGGAGGACAACTGCGAC
ATCTTCCAGAACCTCAGCAAGCGCCAGCGGCAGAGCCTACGCAAGATGGTCATCGACATG
GTGCTGGCCACGGACATGTCCAAGCACATGACCCTCCTGGCTGACCTGAAGACCATGGTG
GAGACCAAGAAAGTGACCAGCTCAGGGGTCCTCCTGCTAGATAACTACTCCGACCGCATC
CAGGTCCTCCGGAACATGGTGCACTGTGCCGACCTCAGCAACCCCACCAAGCCGCTGGAG
CTGTACCGCCAGTGGACAGACCGCATCATGGCCGAGTTCTTCCAGCAGGGTGACCGAGAG
CGCGAGCGTGGCATGGAAATCAGCCCCATGTGTGACAAGCACACTGCCTCCGTGGAGAAG
TCTCAGGTGGGTTTTATTGACTACATTGTGCACCCATTGTGGGAGACCTGGGCGGACCTT
GTCCACCCAGATGCCCAGGAGATCTTGGACACTTTGGAGGACAACCGGGACTGGTACTAC
AGCGCCATCCGGCAGAGCCCATCTCCGCCACCCGAGGAGGAGTCAAGGGGGCCAGGCCAC
CCACCCCTGCCTGACAAGTTCCAGTTTGAGCTGACGCTGGAGGAGGAAGAGGAGGAAGAA
ATATCAATGGCCCAGATACCGTGCACAGCCCAAGAGGCATTGACTGCGCAGGGATTGTCA
GGAGTCGAGGAAGCTCTGGATGCAACCATAGCCTGGGAGGCATCCCCGGCCCAGGAGTCG
TTGGAAGTTATGGCACAGGAAGCATCCCTGGAGGCCGAGCTGGAGGCAGTGTATTTGACA
CAGCAGGCACAGTCCACAGGCAGTGCACCTGTGGCTCCGGATGAGTTCTCGTCCCGGGAG
GAATTCGTGGTTGCTGTAAGCCACAGCAGCCCCTCTGCCCTGGCTCTTCAAAGCCCCCTT
CTCCCTGCTTGGAGGACCCTGTCTGTTTCAGAGCATGCCCCGGGCCTCCCGGGCCTCCCC
TCCACGGCGGCCGAGGTGGAGGCCCAACGAGAGCACCAGGCTGCCAAGAGGGCTTGCAGT
GCCTGCGCAGGGACATTTGGGGAGGACACATCCGCACTCCCAGCTCCTGGTGGCGGGGGG
TCAGGTGGAGACCCTACCTGA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID PDE4A Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID PDE4A Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:8780 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 19
Target 2 Locus 19p13.2
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Livi GP, Kmetz P, McHale MM, Cieslinski LB, Sathe GM, Taylor DP, Davis RL, Torphy TJ, Balcarek JM: Cloning and expression of cDNA for a human low-Km, rolipram-sensitive cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):2678-86. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Horton YM, Sullivan M, Houslay MD: Molecular cloning of a novel splice variant of human type IVA (PDE-IVA) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and localization of the gene to the p13.2-q12 region of human chromosome 19 [corrected] Biochem J. 1995 Jun 1;308 ( Pt 2):683-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Sullivan M, Egerton M, Shakur Y, Marquardsen A, Houslay MD: Molecular cloning and expression, in both COS-1 cells and S. cerevisiae, of a human cytosolic type-IVA, cyclic AMP specific phosphodiesterase (hPDE-IVA-h6.1). Cell Signal. 1994 Sep;6(7):793-812. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Bolger G, Michaeli T, Martins T, St John T, Steiner B, Rodgers L, Riggs M, Wigler M, Ferguson K: A family of human phosphodiesterases homologous to the dunce learning and memory gene product of Drosophila melanogaster are potential targets for antidepressant drugs. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Oct;13(10):6558-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Sullivan M, Rena G, Begg F, Gordon L, Olsen AS, Houslay MD: Identification and characterization of the human homologue of the short PDE4A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase RD1 (PDE4A1) by analysis of the human HSPDE4A gene locus located at chromosome 19p13.2. Biochem J. 1998 Aug 1;333 ( Pt 3):693-703. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.