Buclizine

Identification

Summary

Buclizine is an antihistamine and antiemetic drug for the treatment of allergy symptoms and prevention of nausea and vomiting.

Generic Name
Buclizine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00354
Background

Buclizine is an antihistamine medication with both antiemetic and anticholinergic effects 5, belonging to the piperazine derivative family of drugs. It was manufactured by Stuart Pharms and initially approved by the FDA in 1957.4 Following this, it was touted to be effective as an appetite stimulant in children when administered in the syrup form, however, this indication has not been validated.1 In addition to the above conditions, buclizine has been studied in the treatment of migraine attacks and in the treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. 2,3

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 433.028
Monoisotopic: 432.233226773
Chemical Formula
C28H33ClN2
Synonyms
  • 1-(p-tert-Butylbenzyl)-4-(4-chloro-alpha-phenylbenzyl)piperazine
  • Buclizina
  • Buclizine
  • Buclizinum

Pharmacology

Indication

For prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness and vertigo (dizziness caused by other medical problems).

Reduce drug development failure rates
Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.
See how
Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.
See how
Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAllergies•••••••••••••••••• ••••••
Treatment ofNausea•••••••••••••••••• ••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events Today
Tap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.
Learn more
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
Learn more
Pharmacodynamics

Buclizine is a piperazine-derivative antihistamine used as an antivertigo/antiemetic agent. Buclizine is used in the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness. Additionally, it has been used in the management of vertigo in diseases affecting the vestibular apparatus. Although the mechanism by which buclizine exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects has not been fully elucidated, its central anticholinergic properties are partially responsible. The drug depresses labyrinth excitability and vestibular stimulation, and it may affect the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. It also possesses anticholinergic, antihistaminic, central nervous system depressant, and local anesthetic effects.

Mechanism of action

Vomiting (emesis) is essentially a protective mechanism for removing irritant or otherwise harmful substances from the upper GI tract. Emesis or vomiting is controlled by the vomiting centre in the medulla region of the brain, an important part of which is the chemotrigger zone (CTZ). The vomiting centre possesses neurons which are rich in muscarinic cholinergic and histamine containing synapses. These types of neurons are especially involved in transmission from the vestibular apparatus to the vomiting centre. Motion sickness principally involves overstimulation of these pathways due to various sensory stimuli. Hence the action of buclizine which acts to block the histamine receptors in the vomiting centre and thus reduce activity along these pathways. Furthermore since buclizine possesses anti-cholinergic properties as well, the muscarinic receptors are similarly blocked.

TargetActionsOrganism
AHistamine H1 receptor
antagonist
Humans
AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
antagonist
Humans
Absorption

Rapidly absorbed following oral administration.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Hepatic.

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomes
With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!
See the data
Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
See a data sample
Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Buclizine H1-Antihistamine ActionDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AclidiniumThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Buclizine is combined with Aclidinium.
AcrivastineThe risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Buclizine is combined with Acrivastine.
AdenosineThe risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Buclizine is combined with Adenosine.
AjmalineThe risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Buclizine is combined with Ajmaline.
AlfentanilThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Buclizine is combined with Alfentanil.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions
Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.
Access now
Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
Access now
Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Buclizine hydrochloride58FQD093NU129-74-8SDBHDSZKNVDKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International/Other Brands
Bucladin / Bucladin-S / Longifene Syrup (Novartis India)
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
BUCLIZINE TABLET 25 mgTablet25 mgOralBEACONS PHARMACEUTICALS PTE. LTD.1989-04-27Not applicableSingapore flag

Categories

ATC Codes
R06AE51 — Buclizine, combinationsR06AE01 — Buclizine
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diphenylmethanes. These are compounds containing a diphenylmethane moiety, which consists of a methane wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two phenyl groups.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Diphenylmethanes
Direct Parent
Diphenylmethanes
Alternative Parents
Phenylpropanes / Phenylmethylamines / Benzylamines / N-alkylpiperazines / Chlorobenzenes / Aralkylamines / Aryl chlorides / Trialkylamines / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds
show 2 more
Substituents
1,4-diazinane / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Benzylamine / Chlorobenzene / Diphenylmethane
show 14 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
monochlorobenzenes, N-alkylpiperazine (CHEBI:3205)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
0C94V6X681
CAS number
82-95-1
InChI Key
MOYGZHXDRJNJEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C28H33ClN2/c1-28(2,3)25-13-9-22(10-14-25)21-30-17-19-31(20-18-30)27(23-7-5-4-6-8-23)24-11-15-26(29)16-12-24/h4-16,27H,17-21H2,1-3H3
IUPAC Name
1-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazine
SMILES
CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(CN2CCN(CC2)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)C=C1

References

General References
  1. Babu TA: Buclizine is back again! This time as a pediatric appetite stimulant. Indian J Pharmacol. 2011 Apr;43(2):219. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.77383. [Article]
  2. Adam EI: A treatment for the acute migraine attack. J Int Med Res. 1987 Mar-Apr;15(2):71-5. doi: 10.1177/030006058701500202. [Article]
  3. DURHAM MP: Clinical trial of buclizine hydrochloride for vomiting of pregnancy. Br Med J. 1956 Dec 1;2(5004):1276-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5004.1276. [Article]
  4. FDA approval: Buclizine [Link]
  5. HMDB: Buclizine [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014498
KEGG Drug
D07547
KEGG Compound
C07777
PubChem Compound
6729
PubChem Substance
46507608
ChemSpider
6473
RxNav
59636
ChEBI
3205
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1201271
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP001076
PharmGKB
PA164748223
Wikipedia
Buclizine

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Stuart pharmaceuticals div ici americas
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet, film coatedOral25 mg
SyrupOral0.1 g
TabletOral25 mg
SyrupOral0.12 g
Tablet, coatedOral25 mg
Capsule, coatedOral25 mg
SolutionOral100 mg
SolutionOral120 mg
SyrupOral100 mg
SyrupOral120 mg
SyrupOral10000000 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Liquid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
boiling point (°C)218 °CNot Available
logP7.1Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.000246 mg/mLALOGPS
logP6.16ALOGPS
logP7.42Chemaxon
logS-6.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.6Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area6.48 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count6Chemaxon
Refractivity133.02 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability50.94 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9298
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9382
Caco-2 permeable+0.6056
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.8092
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.9051
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.5415
Renal organic cation transporterInhibitor0.6819
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8508
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.6699
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.5976
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9046
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9502
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7104
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9025
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8309
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5546
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.8885
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8723
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable1.0
Rat acute toxicity2.5190 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.7081
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.8779
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0uxr-0396100000-056e751b0442b2816294
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-014j-4930000000-3910923ac39cbf7127f8
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0000900000-4dbda45bb2a94a980f6e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-1000900000-2d0af3e991b6890f1ab7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0010900000-c5494b8943bddfeba055
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-2020900000-a45476703b3dbc4cc288
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0frx-7390700000-947429323aca7d95fc8c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-9041200000-449e5b6467d622e7bf66
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-227.7059402
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-204.70433
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+226.9644402
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+207.06233
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+228.0189402
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+213.48045
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamin...
Gene Name
HRH1
Uniprot ID
P35367
Uniprot Name
Histamine H1 receptor
Molecular Weight
55783.61 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
Curator comments
Studies show that the inhibitory action is weak.
General Function
Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
Specific Function
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
Gene Name
CHRM1
Uniprot ID
P11229
Uniprot Name
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
Molecular Weight
51420.375 Da
References
  1. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences (2017) by Henry I. Jacoby [Link]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 03, 2024 02:24