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Identification
Name Ampicillin
Accession Number DB00415 (APRD00320)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. [PubChem]

Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • Aminobenzylpenicillin
  • Ampicilina [INN-Spanish]
  • Ampicillin [Usan:Ban:Inn:Jan]
  • Ampicillin Acid
  • Ampicillin Anhydrate
  • Ampicillin Anhydrous
  • Ampicillin Base
  • Ampicillin Sodium
  • Ampicillin Trihydrate
  • Ampicillina [Dcit]
  • Ampicilline
  • Ampicilline [INN-French]
  • Ampicillinum [INN-Latin]
  • Anhydrous Ampicillin
  • Bayer 5427
  • D-Ampicillin
Brand names
  • AB-PC
  • Ab-Pc Sol
  • Acillin
  • Adobacillin
  • Alpen
  • Amblosin
  • Amcill
  • Amfipen
  • Amfipen V
  • Amipenix S
  • Ampen
  • Ampi
  • Ampi-Bol
  • Ampi-Co
  • Ampi-Tab
  • Ampichel
  • Ampicil
  • Ampicillin A
  • Ampicin
  • Ampifarm
  • Ampikel
  • Ampimed
  • Ampipenin
  • Ampipenin, Nt3
  • Ampiscel
  • Ampisyn
  • Ampivax
  • Ampivet
  • Amplacilina
  • Amplin
  • Amplipenyl
  • Amplisom
  • Amplital
  • Ampy-Penyl
  • Austrapen
  • Binotal
  • Bonapicillin
  • Britacil
  • BRL
  • Campicillin
  • Cimex
  • Copharcilin
  • D-Cillin
  • Delcillin
  • Deripen
  • Divercillin
  • Doktacillin
  • Duphacillin
  • Geocillin
  • Grampenil
  • Guicitrina
  • Guicitrine
  • Lifeampil
  • Morepen
  • Norobrittin
  • Novo-Ampicillin
  • Nuvapen
  • Olin Kid
  • Omnipen
  • Omnipen-N
  • Orbicilina
  • Pen A
  • Pen a Oral
  • Pen Ampil
  • Penbristol
  • Penbritin
  • Penbritin Paediatric
  • Penbritin Syrup
  • Penbritin-S
  • Penbrock
  • Penicline
  • Penimic
  • Pensyn
  • Pentrex
  • Pentrexl
  • Pentrexyl
  • Pfizerpen A
  • Pfizerpen-A
  • Polycillin
  • Polycillin-N
  • Ponecil
  • Princillin
  • Principen
  • Principen '125'
  • Principen '250'
  • Principen '500'
  • Qidamp
  • Racenacillin
  • Ro-Ampen
  • Rosampline
  • Roscillin
  • Semicillin
  • Semicillin R
  • Servicillin
  • Sk-Ampicillin
  • Spectrobid
  • Sumipanto
  • Supen
  • Synpenin
  • Texcillin
  • Tokiocillin
  • Tolomol
  • Totacillin
  • Totacillin-N
  • Totalciclina
  • Totapen
  • Trifacilina
  • Ultrabion
  • Ultrabron
  • Vampen
  • Viccillin
  • Viccillin S
  • Wypicil
Brand name mixtures
  • Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin + Probenecid)
  • Synergistin Injectable Suspension (Ampicillin + Sulbactam (Sulbactam Benzathine))
Categories
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Penicillins
CAS number 69-53-4
Weight Average: 349.405
Monoisotopic: 349.109626801
Chemical Formula C16H19N3O4S
InChI Key InChIKey=AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C16H19N3O4S/c1-16(2)11(15(22)23)19-13(21)10(14(19)24-16)18-12(20)9(17)8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7,9-11,14H,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,20)(H,22,23)/t9-,10-,11+,14-/m1/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(2S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
SMILES
[H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)[C@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Penicillins
  • Phenethylamines
Substructures
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Acetates
  • Amino Ketones
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Beta Lactams
  • Penicillins
  • Thiazoles
  • Phenethylamines
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Carboxamides and Derivatives
  • Lactams
  • Azetidines
  • Thiazolidines
Pharmacology
Indication For treatment of infection (Respiratory, GI, UTI and meningitis) due to E. coli, P. mirabilis, enterococci, Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, nonpenicillinase-producing N. gononhoeae, H. influenzae, staphylococci, streptococci including streptoc
Pharmacodynamics Ampicillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name "penicillin" can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Ampicillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of Ampicillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through Ampicillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Ampicillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases.
Mechanism of action By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Ampicillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Ampicillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism
Route of elimination Ampicillin is excreted largely unchanged in the urine.
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Acic fine chemicals inc
  • Apothecon inc div bristol myers squibb
  • Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
  • Consolidated pharmaceutical group inc
  • Gc hanford manufacturing co
  • Istituto biochimico italiano spa
  • Instituto biochemico italiano spa
  • International medication systems ltd
  • Eli lilly and co
  • Marsam pharmaceuticals llc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Wyeth ayerst laboratories
  • Bristol laboratories inc div bristol myers co
  • Glaxosmithkline
  • Parke davis div warner lambert co
  • American antibiotics llc
  • Dava pharmaceuticals inc
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Lederle laboratories div american cyanamid co
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Purepac pharmaceutical co
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Vitarine pharmaceuticals inc
  • Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
  • Bristol myers squibb co
  • Apothecon sub bristol myers squibb co
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Capsule Oral
Liquid Oral
Powder, for solution Intramuscular
Powder, for solution Intravenous
Powder, for solution Oral
Suspension Oral
Tablet Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Ampicillin 10 gm vial 107.77 USD vial
Ampicillin 2 gm vial 16.75 USD vial
Principen 250 mg/5ml Suspension 200ml Bottle 16.27 USD bottle
Ampicillin 1 gm vial 8.64 USD vial
Principen 250 mg/5ml Suspension 100ml Bottle 7.99 USD bottle
Ampicillin Sodium 2 g/vial 7.56 USD vial
Ampicillin Sodium 1 g/vial 3.78 USD vial
Ampicillin tr 250 mg capsule 3.53 USD capsule
Ampicillin Sodium 500 mg/vial 2.26 USD vial
Ampicillin Sodium 250 mg/vial 2.15 USD vial
Ampicillin tr 500 mg capsule 0.61 USD capsule
Ampicillin 500 mg capsule 0.5 USD capsule
Ampicillin 250 mg capsule 0.44 USD capsule
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Melting point 208 oC
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 1.01E+004 mg/L PhysProp
logP 0.4 PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 6.05e-01 g/l ALOGPS
logP 0.88 ALOGPS
logP -3.50 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -2.76 ALOGPS
pKa 11.97 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 5 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 3 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 112.73 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 4 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 87.52 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 34.54 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00204 Link_out
KEGG Compound C06574 Link_out
PubChem Compound 6249 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46505346 Link_out
ChemSpider 6013 Link_out
ChEBI 28971 Link_out
ChEMBL 28971 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000432 Link_out
PharmGKB PA448419 Link_out
HET AIC Link_out
Drug Product Database 2227029 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/ampicillin.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/cdi/ampicillin.html Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampicillin Link_out
ATC Codes
  • J01CA01
  • J01CA02
  • J01CA06
  • J01CA14
  • J01CA15
  • S01AA19
AHFS Codes
  • 08:12.16.08
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (71.8 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions
  • Take on an empty stomach.
Targets

1. Penicillin-binding protein 2a

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor
UniProt ID: Q8DNB6 Link_out
Gene: pbp2a
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Williamson R, Hakenbeck R, Tomasz A: In vivo interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with the penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Oct;18(4):629-37. Pubmed

2. Penicillin-binding protein 1b

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q7CRA4 Link_out
Gene: pbp1b Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Williamson R, Hakenbeck R, Tomasz A: In vivo interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with the penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Oct;18(4):629-37. Pubmed

3. Penicillin-binding protein 3

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor
UniProt ID: Q75Y35 Link_out
Gene: pbp3
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Williamson R, Hakenbeck R, Tomasz A: In vivo interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with the penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Oct;18(4):629-37. Pubmed

4. Penicillin-binding protein 1A

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Cell wall formation

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q8DR59 Link_out
Gene: pbpA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Williamson R, Hakenbeck R, Tomasz A: In vivo interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with the penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Oct;18(4):629-37. Pubmed

5. Penicillin-binding protein 2B

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0A3M6 Link_out
Gene: penA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Williamson R, Hakenbeck R, Tomasz A: In vivo interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with the penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Oct;18(4):629-37. Pubmed

Transporters

1. Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2

Actions: inhibitor

Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3

UniProt ID: O76082 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ganapathy ME, Huang W, Rajan DP, Carter AL, Sugawara M, Iseki K, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V: beta-lactam antibiotics as substrates for OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):1699-707. Pubmed

2. Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform

Actions: inhibitor

Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides. May constitute a major route for the absorption of protein digestion end-products

UniProt ID: P46059 Link_out
Gene: SLC15A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Covitz KM, Amidon GL, Sadee W: Human dipeptide transporter, hPEPT1, stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells. Pharm Res. 1996 Nov;13(11):1631-4. Pubmed
  2. Guo A, Hu P, Balimane PV, Leibach FH, Sinko PJ: Interactions of a nonpeptidic drug, valacyclovir, with the human intestinal peptide transporter (hPEPT1) expressed in a mammalian cell line. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Apr;289(1):448-54. Pubmed
  3. Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. Pubmed
  4. Terada T, Saito H, Mukai M, Inui K: Recognition of beta-lactam antibiotics by rat peptide transporters, PEPT1 and PEPT2, in LLC-PK1 cells. Am J Physiol. 1997 Nov;273(5 Pt 2):F706-11. Pubmed

3. Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform

Actions: inhibitor

Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides

UniProt ID: Q16348 Link_out
Gene: SLC15A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Terada T, Saito H, Mukai M, Inui K: Recognition of beta-lactam antibiotics by rat peptide transporters, PEPT1 and PEPT2, in LLC-PK1 cells. Am J Physiol. 1997 Nov;273(5 Pt 2):F706-11. Pubmed
  2. Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. Pubmed

Carriers

1. Serum albumin

Actions: other/unknown

Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood

UniProt ID: P02768 Link_out
Gene: ALB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Bratlid D, Bergan T: Displacement of albumin-bound antimicrobial agents by bilirubin. Pharmacology. 1976;14(5):464-72. Pubmed

Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on April 19, 2011 15:03

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.