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Identification
Name Cefalotin
Accession Number DB00456 (APRD00859, EXPT00946)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

A cephalosporin antibiotic. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  • Cefalothin
  • Cefalotina [INN-Spanish]
  • Cefalotine [INN-French]
  • Cefalotinum [INN-Latin]
  • Cephalothin
  • Cephalothin Sodium
  • Cephalothinum
  • Cephalotin
  • CLS
Brand names
  • Averon-1
  • Cemastin
  • Coaxin
  • Keflin
  • Seffin
Brand name mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Cephalosporins
CAS number 153-61-7
Weight Average: 396.438
Monoisotopic: 396.044977634
Chemical Formula C16H16N2O6S2
InChI Key InChIKey=XIURVHNZVLADCM-IUODEOHRSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C16H16N2O6S2/c1-8(19)24-6-9-7-26-15-12(14(21)18(15)13(9)16(22)23)17-11(20)5-10-3-2-4-25-10/h2-4,12,15H,5-7H2,1H3,(H,17,20)(H,22,23)/t12-,15-/m1/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(6R,7R)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-8-oxo-7-[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetamido]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
SMILES
[H][C@]12SCC(COC(C)=O)=C(N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)CC1=CC=CS1)C(O)=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Cephalosporins
Substructures
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Acetates
  • Amino Ketones
  • Ethers
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Beta Lactams
  • Enamines
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Carboxamides and Derivatives
  • Cephalosporins
  • Lactams
  • Azetidines
  • Thiophenes
Pharmacology
Indication Used to prevent infection during surgery and to treat many kinds of infections of the blood, bone or joints, respiratory tract, skin, and urinary tract.
Pharmacodynamics Cefalotin (INN) or cephalothin (USAN) is a semisynthetic first generation cephalosporin having a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity that is administered parenterally.
Mechanism of action The bactericidal activity of cefalotin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The PBPs are transpeptidases which are vital in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Therefore, their inhibition prevents this vital cell wall compenent from being properly synthesized.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 65-80%
Metabolism

Metabolized to a less active desacetyl metabolite, although 50-75% of the drug is eliminated unchanged in the urine.
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life 30 minutes
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Rat intravenous LD50 is 4000 mg/kg.
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • International medication systems ltd
  • Abbott laboratories pharmaceutical products div
  • Abraxis pharmaceutical products
  • Bristol laboratories inc div bristol myers co
  • Baxter healthcare corp
  • Eli lilly and co
  • Glaxosmithkline
Packagers Not Available
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Powder, for solution Intravenous
Prices Not Available
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Melting point 160-160.5 oC
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 158 mg/L PhysProp
logP -0.2 PhysProp
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 5.21e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP 0.63 ALOGPS
logP 0.02 ChemAxon Molconvert
logS -3.88 ALOGPS
pKa 11.75 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen acceptor count 5 ChemAxon Molconvert
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon Molconvert
polar surface area 113.01 ChemAxon Molconvert
rotatable bond count 7 ChemAxon Molconvert
refractivity 93.79 ChemAxon Molconvert
polarizability 37.22 ChemAxon Molconvert
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Compound C07761 Link_out
PubChem Compound 6024 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46509079 Link_out
ChemSpider 5802 Link_out
ChEBI 124991 Link_out
ChEMBL 124991 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000155 Link_out
PharmGKB PA448886 Link_out
HET CEO Link_out
Drug Product Database 2060051 Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefalotin Link_out
ATC Codes
  • J01DB03
AHFS Codes
  • 08:12.06.04
PDB Entries
FDA label Not Available
MSDS show (59.2 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Catalyzes distinct carboxypeptidation and transpeptidation reactions during the last stages of wall peptidoglycan synthesis. Mistaking a beta-lactam antibiotic molecule for a normal substrate (i.e., a D-alanyl-D-alanine- terminated peptide), it becomes immobilized in the form of a long- lived, serine-ester-linked acyl enzyme and thus behave as penicillin-binding protein (PBP)

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P15555 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Wrezel PW, Ellis LF, Neuhaus FC: In vivo target of benzylpenicillin in Gaffkya homari. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Mar;29(3):432-9. Pubmed
  4. Kuzin AP, Liu H, Kelly JA, Knox JR: Binding of cephalothin and cefotaxime to D-ala-D-ala-peptidase reveals a functional basis of a natural mutation in a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein and in extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Biochemistry. 1995 Jul 25;34(29):9532-40. Pubmed
  5. Frere JM, Geurts F, Ghuysen JM: The exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase-endopeptidase of Streptomyces albus G. Interaction with beta-lactam antibiotics. Biochem J. 1978 Dec 1;175(3):801-5. Pubmed

2. Penicillin-binding protein 1A

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

Cell wall formation

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q8DR59 Link_out
Gene: pbpA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Williamson R, Hakenbeck R, Tomasz A: In vivo interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with the penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Oct;18(4):629-37. Pubmed

3. Penicillin-binding protein 1b

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q7CRA4 Link_out
Gene: pbp1b Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Williamson R, Hakenbeck R, Tomasz A: In vivo interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with the penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Oct;18(4):629-37. Pubmed

4. Penicillin-binding protein 3

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor
UniProt ID: Q75Y35 Link_out
Gene: pbp3
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Williamson R, Hakenbeck R, Tomasz A: In vivo interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with the penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Oct;18(4):629-37. Pubmed

5. Penicillin-binding protein 2a

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor
UniProt ID: Q8DNB6 Link_out
Gene: pbp2a
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Williamson R, Hakenbeck R, Tomasz A: In vivo interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with the penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Oct;18(4):629-37. Pubmed

6. Penicillin-binding protein 2B

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P0A3M6 Link_out
Gene: penA Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Williamson R, Hakenbeck R, Tomasz A: In vivo interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics with the penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Oct;18(4):629-37. Pubmed

7. Penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor
Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: Q8XJ01 Link_out
Gene: pbpA
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Botta GA, Buffa D: Murein synthesis and beta-lactam antibiotic susceptibility during rod-to-sphere transition in a pbpA(Ts) mutant of Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1981 May;19(5):891-900. Pubmed

8. Beta-lactamase

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

This protein is a serine beta-lactamase with a substrate specificity for cephalosporins

Organism class: bacterial
UniProt ID: P00811 Link_out
Gene: ampC
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. Pubmed
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. Pubmed
  3. Diaz N, Suarez D, Merz KM Jr, Sordo TL: Molecular dynamics simulations of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase complexed with cephalothin. J Med Chem. 2005 Feb 10;48(3):780-91. Pubmed
  4. Bethel CR, Hujer AM, Hujer KM, Thomson JM, Ruszczycky MW, Anderson VE, Pusztai-Carey M, Taracila M, Helfand MS, Bonomo RA: Role of Asp104 in the SHV beta-lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Dec;50(12):4124-31. Epub 2006 Sep 18. Pubmed
  5. Oelschlaeger P, Mayo SL, Pleiss J: Impact of remote mutations on metallo-beta-lactamase substrate specificity: implications for the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Protein Sci. 2005 Mar;14(3):765-74. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2

Actions: inhibitor

Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3

UniProt ID: O76082 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Ohashi R, Tamai I, Yabuuchi H, Nezu JI, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):778-84. Pubmed

2. Oligopeptide transporter, small intestine isoform

Actions: inhibitor

Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides. May constitute a major route for the absorption of protein digestion end-products

UniProt ID: P46059 Link_out
Gene: SLC15A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. Pubmed

3. Oligopeptide transporter, kidney isoform

Actions: inhibitor

Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides

UniProt ID: Q16348 Link_out
Gene: SLC15A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Luckner P, Brandsch M: Interaction of 31 beta-lactam antibiotics with the H+/peptide symporter PEPT2: analysis of affinity constants and comparison with PEPT1. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005 Jan;59(1):17-24. Pubmed

4. Solute carrier family 22 member 6

Actions: inhibitor
UniProt ID: Q4U2R8 Link_out
Gene: hROAT1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Takeda M, Babu E, Narikawa S, Endou H: Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 8;438(3):137-42. Pubmed
  2. Jung KY, Takeda M, Shimoda M, Narikawa S, Tojo A, Kim DK, Chairoungdua A, Choi BK, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y, Sekine T, Endou H: Involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOAT3) in cephaloridine-induced nephrotoxicity: in comparison with rOAT1. Life Sci. 2002 Mar 8;70(16):1861-74. Pubmed
  3. Jariyawat S, Sekine T, Takeda M, Apiwattanakul N, Kanai Y, Sophasan S, Endou H: The interaction and transport of beta-lactam antibiotics with the cloned rat renal organic anion transporter 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Aug;290(2):672-7. Pubmed

5. Solute carrier family 22 member 8

Actions: inhibitor

Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenadine. Transports benzylpenicillin (PCG), estrone- 3-sulfate (E1S), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), p-amino-hippurate (PAH), acyclovir (ACV) and ochratoxin (OTA)

UniProt ID: Q8TCC7 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A8 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Takeda M, Babu E, Narikawa S, Endou H: Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 8;438(3):137-42. Pubmed
  2. Jung KY, Takeda M, Shimoda M, Narikawa S, Tojo A, Kim DK, Chairoungdua A, Choi BK, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y, Sekine T, Endou H: Involvement of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOAT3) in cephaloridine-induced nephrotoxicity: in comparison with rOAT1. Life Sci. 2002 Mar 8;70(16):1861-74. Pubmed

6. Solute carrier family 22 member 11

Actions: inhibitor

Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds

UniProt ID: Q9NSA0 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A11 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Takeda M, Babu E, Narikawa S, Endou H: Interaction of human organic anion transporters with various cephalosporin antibiotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 8;438(3):137-42. Pubmed

7. Solute carrier family 22 member 7

Actions: inhibitor

Mediates sodium-independent multispecific organic anion transport. Transport of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, tetracycline, bumetanide, estrone sulfate, glutarate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, allopurinol, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, L-ascorbic acid, salicylate, ethotrexate, and alpha- ketoglutarate

UniProt ID: Q9Y694 Link_out
Gene: SLC22A7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Khamdang S, Takeda M, Babu E, Noshiro R, Onozato ML, Tojo A, Enomoto A, Huang XL, Narikawa S, Anzai N, Piyachaturawat P, Endou H: Interaction of human and rat organic anion transporter 2 with various cephalosporin antibiotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Mar 28;465(1-2):1-7. Pubmed
Carriers

1. Serum albumin

Actions: binder

Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood

UniProt ID: P02768 Link_out
Gene: ALB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Terasaki T, Nouda H, Tsuji A: Selective analysis of mutual displacement effects at the primary binding sites of phenoxymethylpenicillin and cephalothin bindings to human serum albumin. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1992 Mar;15(3):91-7. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on April 19, 2011 15:04

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.