Diethylcarbamazine

Identification

Summary

Diethylcarbamazine is an anthelmintic used to treat filarial infections like Wuchereria bancrofti and Loa loa.

Generic Name
Diethylcarbamazine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00711
Background

An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 199.2932
Monoisotopic: 199.168462309
Chemical Formula
C10H21N3O
Synonyms
  • Diethylcarbamazin
  • Diéthylcarbamazine
  • Diethylcarbamazine
  • Diethylcarbamazinum
  • Dietilcarbamazina
External IDs
  • L 84
  • RP 3799
  • RP-3799

Pharmacology

Indication

Used for the treatment of certain filarial diseases, including tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, loiasis, and lymphatic filariasis caused by infection with Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, or Brugia timori.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofFilarial infection••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofOnchocerciasis••••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Diethylcarbamazine is an anthelmintic drug that does not resemble other antiparasitic compounds. It is a synthetic organic compound which is highly specific for several parasites and does not contain any toxic metallic elements.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of diethylcarbamazine is thought to involve sensitizing the microfilariae to phagocytosis. One study showed that diethylcarbamazine's activity against Brugia malayi microfilariae is dependent on inducible nitric-oxide synthase and the cyclooxygenase pathway. It confirmed the important role of the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway in diethylcarbamazine's mechanism of action in vivo and showes that in addition to its effects on the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, it targets the cyclooxygenase pathway and COX-1.

TargetActionsOrganism
AArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
inhibitor
Humans
UProstaglandin G/H synthase 1
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Readily absorbed following oral administration.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Partially metabolized to diethylcarbamazine N-oxide.

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Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Approximately 8 hours.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Oral LD50 in rat and mouse is 1400 mg/kg and 660 mg/kg, respectively.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AcebutololDiethylcarbamazine may increase the bradycardic activities of Acebutolol.
AcetylcholineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diethylcarbamazine is combined with Acetylcholine.
AclidiniumDiethylcarbamazine may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Aclidinium.
AmantadineThe therapeutic efficacy of Amantadine can be decreased when used in combination with Diethylcarbamazine.
AmifampridineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diethylcarbamazine is combined with Amifampridine.
Food Interactions
  • Take after a meal.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Diethylcarbamazine citrateOS1Z389K8S1642-54-2PGNKBEARDDELNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International/Other Brands
Banocide (GlaxoSmithKline) / Banocide Forte (GlaxoSmithKline) / Camin / Carbilazine / Caricide / Cypip / Decet (RND Labs) / Dicarb (Inga) / Diethizine (Pond's Chemical) / Eofil / Ethodryl / Hetrazan (Wyeth) / Notezine (Sanofi-Aventis) / Spatonin / Supatonin (Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Hetrazan Tab 50mgTablet50 mg / tabOralLederle Cyanamid Canada Inc.1982-05-312000-08-02Canada flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ฟีลาตั้นTablet100 mgOralบริษัท พอนด์ เคมีคอล จำกัด2015-12-232020-09-01Thailand flag

Categories

ATC Codes
P02CB02 — Diethylcarbamazine
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as piperazine carboxamides. These are heterocyclic compounds containing a piperazine ring substituted by one or more carboxamide group.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Diazinanes
Sub Class
Piperazines
Direct Parent
Piperazine carboxamides
Alternative Parents
N-methylpiperazines / Ureas / Trialkylamines / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
Substituents
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound / Amine / Azacycle / Carbonic acid derivative / Carbonyl group / Hydrocarbon derivative / N-alkylpiperazine / N-methylpiperazine / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxide
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
N-methylpiperazine, N-carbamoylpiperazine (CHEBI:4527)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
  • Parasitic nematodes and other roundworms

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
V867Q8X3ZD
CAS number
90-89-1
InChI Key
RCKMWOKWVGPNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C10H21N3O/c1-4-12(5-2)10(14)13-8-6-11(3)7-9-13/h4-9H2,1-3H3
IUPAC Name
N,N-diethyl-4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide
SMILES
CCN(CC)C(=O)N1CCN(C)CC1

References

Synthesis Reference

Kushner, S. and Brancone, L.; US. Patent 2,467,893; April 19,1949; assigned to American Cyanamid Company. Kushner, S. and Brancone, L.; US. Patent 2,467,895; April 19, 1949; assigned to American Cyanamid Company.

General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014849
KEGG Drug
D07825
KEGG Compound
C07968
PubChem Compound
3052
PubChem Substance
46506830
ChemSpider
2944
BindingDB
50024883
RxNav
3384
ChEBI
4527
ChEMBL
CHEMBL684
ZINC
ZINC000000001288
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000914
PharmGKB
PA164748883
Wikipedia
Diethylcarbamazine
MSDS
Download (65.5 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedBasic ScienceLoiasis1
4CompletedTreatmentFilarial; Infestation1
3Active Not RecruitingTreatmentFilariasis, Lymphatic1
3CompletedTreatmentLymphatic Filariases / Scabies / Strongyloidiasis / Trachoma / Yaws1
2CompletedTreatmentFilariasis, Lymphatic2

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Lederle laboratories div american cyanamid co
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
TabletOral
TabletOral300 mg
TabletOral50 mg / tab
TabletOral100 mg
TabletOral50 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)150-155Kushner, S. and Brancone, L.; US. Patent 2,467,893; April 19,1949; assigned to American Cyanamid Company. Kushner, S. and Brancone, L.; US. Patent 2,467,895; April 19, 1949; assigned to American Cyanamid Company.
water solubility63.7 mg/mL at 25 °CMEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)
logP0.1Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility236.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0.9ALOGPS
logP0.092Chemaxon
logS0.07ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.9Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area26.79 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count2Chemaxon
Refractivity58.28 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability22.89 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings1Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9746
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9851
Caco-2 permeable+0.5947
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.7326
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.6368
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9745
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.6243
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8563
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.9116
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.595
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.8168
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.882
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8952
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9141
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9891
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9614
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.8203
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9183
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.85
Rat acute toxicity2.2639 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.5
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.7766
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Download (11 KB)
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-00fs-9300000000-f87d8f7a7093cd53de37
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0980000000-1821938d687395d17dee
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-1900000000-f325d6ce1e9daf363293
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0un9-9710000000-85ac265d59a4989fd258
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9400000000-936c4bc2d0140d6824e8
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-9100000000-ef503663ef71cf1a5ee0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0005-9100000000-6f146ed4b7526301e3a5
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-154.5364108
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-154.8688108
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-143.59453
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+154.0275108
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+155.5425108
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+146.82225
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+154.8802108
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+155.1035108
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+155.82008
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Iron ion binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the first step in leukotriene biosynthesis, and thereby plays a role in inflammatory processes.
Gene Name
ALOX5
Uniprot ID
P09917
Uniprot Name
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
Molecular Weight
77982.595 Da
References
  1. Bach MK, Brashler JR: Inhibition of the leukotriene synthetase of rat basophil leukemia cells by diethylcarbamazine, and synergism between diethylcarbamazine and piriprost, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Biochem Pharmacol. 1986 Feb 1;35(3):425-33. [Article]
  2. Cernak I, Savic J, Malicevic Z, Zunic G, Radosevic P, Ivanovic I: Leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary blast injury. J Trauma. 1996 Mar;40(3 Suppl):S148-51. [Article]
  3. Gross NJ, Holloway NO, Narine KR: Effects of some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on experimental radiation pneumonitis. Radiat Res. 1991 Sep;127(3):317-24. [Article]
  4. Zunic G, Cernak I, Malicevic Z, Savic J: Inhibition of leukotriene formation by diethylcarbamazine modifies the acid-base balance in the rabbits with blast injuries of the lungs. Vojnosanit Pregl. 1999 May-Jun;56(3):243-7. [Article]
  5. Davidson D, Drafta D: Prolonged pulmonary hypertension caused by platelet-activating factor and leukotriene C4 in the rat lung. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992 Sep;73(3):955-61. [Article]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Specific Function
Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gas...
Gene Name
PTGS1
Uniprot ID
P23219
Uniprot Name
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
Molecular Weight
68685.82 Da
References
  1. McGarry HF, Plant LD, Taylor MJ: Diethylcarbamazine activity against Brugia malayi microfilariae is dependent on inducible nitric-oxide synthase and the cyclooxygenase pathway. Filaria J. 2005 Jun 2;4:4. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Identical protein binding
Specific Function
Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters.
Gene Name
BCHE
Uniprot ID
P06276
Uniprot Name
Cholinesterase
Molecular Weight
68417.575 Da
References
  1. Fujimaki Y, Sakamoto M, Shimada M, Kimura E, Aoki Y: Diethylcarbamazine: inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase of Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia pahangi. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1989 Jun;20(2):179-82. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at December 02, 2023 06:59