Diflunisal

Identification

Summary

Diflunisal is an NSAID used to treat mild to moderate pain, inflammation, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Generic Name
Diflunisal
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00861
Background

Diflunisal, a salicylate derivative, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA) with pharmacologic actions similar to other prototypical NSAIAs. Diflunisal possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. Though its mechanism of action has not been clearly established, most of its actions appear to be associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway. Diflunisal is used to relieve pain accompanied with inflammation and in the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 250.1976
Monoisotopic: 250.044150532
Chemical Formula
C13H8F2O3
Synonyms
  • 2-(hydroxy)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)benzoic acid
  • 2',4'-difluoro-4-hydroxy-3-biphenylcarboxylic acid
  • 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)salicylic acid
  • Diflunisal
  • Diflunisalum
External IDs
  • MK 647

Pharmacology

Indication

For symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate pain accompanied by inflammation (e.g. musculoskeletal trauma, post-dental extraction, post-episiotomy), osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Symptomatic treatment ofOsteoarthritis••••••••••••
Symptomatic treatment ofRheumatoid arthritis••••••••••••
Symptomatic treatment ofMild pain••••••••••••
Symptomatic treatment ofModerate pain••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Diflunisal is a nonsteroidal drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. It is a peripherally-acting non-narcotic analgesic drug. Habituation, tolerance and addiction have not been reported. Diflunisal is a difluorophenyl derivative of salicylic acid. Chemically, diflunisal differs from aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in two respects. The first of these two is the presence of a difluorophenyl substituent at carbon 1. The second difference is the removal of the 0-acetyl group from the carbon 4 position. Diflunisal is not metabolized to salicylic acid, and the fluorine atoms are not displaced from the difluorophenyl ring structure.

Mechanism of action

The precise mechanism of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of diflunisal is not known. Diflunisal is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. In animals, prostaglandins sensitize afferent nerves and potentiate the action of bradykinin in inducing pain. Since prostaglandins are known to be among the mediators of pain and inflammation, the mode of action of diflunisal may be due to a decrease of prostaglandins in peripheral tissues.

TargetActionsOrganism
AProstaglandin G/H synthase 2
inhibitor
Humans
UProstaglandin G/H synthase 1
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Rapidly and completely absorbed following oral administration, with a bioavailability of 80-90%. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved 2 - 3 hours following oral administration.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

At least 98 to 99% of diflunisal in plasma is bound to proteins.

Metabolism

Hepatic, primarily via glucuronide conjugation (90% of administered dose).

Route of elimination

The drug is excreted in the urine as two soluble glucuronide conjugates accounting for about 90% of the administered dose. Little or no diflunisal is excreted in the feces.

Half-life

8 to 12 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Oral LD50 in rat, mouse, and rabbit is 392 mg/kg, 439 mg/kg, and 603 mg/kg, respectively. Symptoms of overdose include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperventilation, tachycardia, sweating, tinnitus, disorientation, stupor, and coma. As a monotherapy, the smallest dosage capable of causing death was reported as 15 grams.

Selective COX-2 inhibitors have been associated with increased risk of serious cardiovascular events (e.g. myocardial infarction, stroke) in some patients. Current data is insufficient to assess the cardiovascular risk of diflunisal. Short-term use does not appear to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk (except when used immediately following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery). Risk of GI toxicity including bleeding, ulceration and perforation. Risk of direct renal injury, including renal papillary necrosis. Severe hepatic reactions, including cholestasis and/or jaundice, have been reported. May cause rash or hypersensitivity syndrome.

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Diflunisal Action PathwayDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirDiflunisal may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbciximabThe risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Diflunisal is combined with Abciximab.
AcarboseDiflunisal may increase the hypoglycemic activities of Acarbose.
AcebutololDiflunisal may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Acebutolol.
AceclofenacThe therapeutic efficacy of Diflunisal can be decreased when used in combination with Aceclofenac.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Take with food. Food reduces irritation.

Products

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Product Images
International/Other Brands
Anton (Everest) / Dolobid (Merck)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
DiflunisalTablet250 mgOralAa Pharma Inc1993-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
DiflunisalTablet500 mgOralAa Pharma Inc1993-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
Diflunisal-250 - Tab 250mgTablet250 mg / tabOralPro Doc Limitee1995-12-312000-07-31Canada flag
Diflunisal-500 - Tab 500mgTablet500 mg / tabOralPro Doc Limitee1995-12-312000-07-31Canada flag
Dolobid Tab 250mgTablet250 mg / tabOralMerck Frosst Canada & Cie, Merck Frosst Canada & Co.1983-12-311998-08-14Canada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
DiflunisalTablet500 mg/1OralZydus Lifesciences Limited2017-09-14Not applicableUS flag
DiflunisalTablet, film coated500 mg/1OralCarilion Materials Management1992-11-01Not applicableUS flag
DiflunisalTablet, film coated500 mg/1OralA S Medication Solutions1992-11-01Not applicableUS flag
DiflunisalTablet, film coated500 mg/1OralTeva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.2021-06-30Not applicableUS flag
DiflunisalTablet, film coated500 mg/1OralHeritage Pharmaceuticals Inc.2012-03-082019-06-03US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N02BA11 — Diflunisal
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biphenyls and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing to benzene rings linked together by a C-C bond.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Biphenyls and derivatives
Direct Parent
Biphenyls and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Salicylic acids / Benzoic acids / Benzoyl derivatives / Fluorobenzenes / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Aryl fluorides / Vinylogous acids / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Organooxygen compounds
show 3 more
Substituents
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Aryl fluoride / Aryl halide / Benzoic acid / Benzoic acid or derivatives / Benzoyl / Biphenyl / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative
show 14 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
organofluorine compound, monohydroxybenzoic acid (CHEBI:39669)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
7C546U4DEN
CAS number
22494-42-4
InChI Key
HUPFGZXOMWLGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C13H8F2O3/c14-8-2-3-9(11(15)6-8)7-1-4-12(16)10(5-7)13(17)18/h1-6,16H,(H,17,18)
IUPAC Name
2',4'-difluoro-4-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid
SMILES
OC(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC(=C1)C1=C(F)C=C(F)C=C1

References

Synthesis Reference

Ruyle, W.V., Jarett, L.H. and Matzuk, A.R. ; U S . Patent 3,714,226; January 30, 1973; assigned to Merck & Co., Inc.

General References
Not Available
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014999
KEGG Drug
D00130
KEGG Compound
C01691
PubChem Compound
3059
PubChem Substance
46507807
ChemSpider
2951
BindingDB
50240510
RxNav
3393
ChEBI
39669
ChEMBL
CHEMBL898
ZINC
ZINC000000020243
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000152
PharmGKB
PA449313
PDBe Ligand
1FL
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
PDRhealth
PDRhealth Drug Page
Wikipedia
Diflunisal
PDB Entries
2bxe / 3d2t / 4i89 / 5g48 / 6e70 / 6e73 / 6e78 / 7k12 / 7ycq
FDA label
Download (94.1 KB)
MSDS
Download (73.4 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4TerminatedTreatmentHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections1
2CompletedTreatmentType 2 Diabetes Mellitus1
2, 3CompletedTreatmentAmyloidosis, Familial / Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (FAP)1
1CompletedDiagnosticHealthy Volunteers (HV)1
Not AvailableCompletedNot AvailableAmyloidosis1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Purepac pharmaceutical co
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Merck and co inc
Packagers
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
  • Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pharmedix
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Professional Co.
  • Redpharm Drug
  • Shanghai Multi Med Union Co. Ltd.
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
  • Stat Rx Usa
  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Capsule
TabletOral250 mg
TabletOral500 mg/1
TabletOral500 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral500 mg/1
TabletOral250 mg / tab
TabletOral500 mg / tab
TabletOral
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, film coatedOral500 mg
Pill
Tablet, coatedOral250 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Dolobid 60 500 mg tablet Bottle92.83USD bottle
Diflunisal 250 mg tablet1.74USD tablet
Diflunisal powder1.56USD g
Diflunisal 500 mg tablet1.46USD tablet
Apo-Diflunisal 500 mg Tablet0.75USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)210-211Ruyle, W.V., Jarett, L.H. and Matzuk, A.R. ; U S . Patent 3,714,226; January 30, 1973; assigned to Merck & Co., Inc.
water solubilityPractically insoluble (14.5 mg/L) at neutral or acidic pH.Not Available
logP4.44SANGSTER (1993)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0711 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.11ALOGPS
logP3.91Chemaxon
logS-3.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.69Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-6.3Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area57.53 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count2Chemaxon
Refractivity60.86 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability22.29 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings2Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9945
Blood Brain Barrier+0.8047
Caco-2 permeable+0.8866
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.6927
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9407
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9735
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.911
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7982
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.9201
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.7145
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9046
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorInhibitor0.6684
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9357
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9025
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8309
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.5156
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9666
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7828
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.988
Rat acute toxicity2.7735 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.983
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.9178
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0pc0-1190000000-37ea5d58644c01ef5b1e
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-0fai-1690000000-d231ff5a9ac7d9769d2d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-2690000000-64056c9dc4e2f14d3c59
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4j-5590000000-462ea99995ea9238bf94
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-5490000000-ec23e03578a95364b748
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-9550000000-2fa065aea811fa7b6c5a
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-000t-9000000000-01d2c7c75ab3756b3df7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ue9-0090000000-d2f6136c574e6c82fd6f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4j-0090000000-1d09b4e816debf4ddf10
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0090000000-4551cf20aa99b6bcf200
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0910000000-a173a59c51f23c1edfc5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0bt9-0690000000-7994842fb46b2b06612e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0fb9-0900000000-b6ee89b77fb0c1c035e7
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-157.1599902
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-161.43367
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+157.9597902
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+163.81215
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+157.1048902
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+169.88481
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Specific Function
Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and...
Gene Name
PTGS2
Uniprot ID
P35354
Uniprot Name
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Molecular Weight
68995.625 Da
References
  1. Cappon GD, Cook JC, Hurtt ME: Relationship between cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 selective inhibitors and fetal development when administered to rats and rabbits during the sensitive periods for heart development and midline closure. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2003 Feb;68(1):47-56. [Article]
  2. Jeske AH: COX-2 inhibitors and dental pain control. J Gt Houst Dent Soc. 1999 Nov;71(4):39-40. [Article]
  3. Mao H, Hajduk PJ, Craig R, Bell R, Borre T, Fesik SW: Rational design of diflunisal analogues with reduced affinity for human serum albumin. J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Oct 31;123(43):10429-35. [Article]
  4. Moore PA, Hersh EV: Celecoxib and rofecoxib. The role of COX-2 inhibitors in dental practice. J Am Dent Assoc. 2001 Apr;132(4):451-6. [Article]
  5. Young JM, Panah S, Satchawatcharaphong C, Cheung PS: Human whole blood assays for inhibition of prostaglandin G/H synthases-1 and -2 using A23187 and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of thromboxane B2 production. Inflamm Res. 1996 May;45(5):246-53. [Article]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Specific Function
Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gas...
Gene Name
PTGS1
Uniprot ID
P23219
Uniprot Name
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
Molecular Weight
68685.82 Da
References
  1. Cappon GD, Cook JC, Hurtt ME: Relationship between cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 selective inhibitors and fetal development when administered to rats and rabbits during the sensitive periods for heart development and midline closure. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2003 Feb;68(1):47-56. [Article]
  2. Chen QH, Rao PN, Knaus EE: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of N-acetyl-2-carboxybenzenesulfonamides: a novel class of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 2005 Apr 1;13(7):2459-68. [Article]
  3. Young JM, Panah S, Satchawatcharaphong C, Cheung PS: Human whole blood assays for inhibition of prostaglandin G/H synthases-1 and -2 using A23187 and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of thromboxane B2 production. Inflamm Res. 1996 May;45(5):246-53. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
Gene Name
UGT1A8
Uniprot ID
Q9HAW9
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8
Molecular Weight
59741.035 Da
References
  1. Cheng Z, Radominska-Pandya A, Tephly TR: Studies on the substrate specificity of human intestinal UDP- lucuronosyltransferases 1A8 and 1A10. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Oct;27(10):1165-70. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Retinoic acid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. Isoform 2 lacks trans...
Gene Name
UGT1A9
Uniprot ID
O60656
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9
Molecular Weight
59940.495 Da

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Identical protein binding
Specific Function
Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain.
Gene Name
TTR
Uniprot ID
P02766
Uniprot Name
Transthyretin
Molecular Weight
15886.88 Da
References
  1. Adamski-Werner SL, Palaninathan SK, Sacchettini JC, Kelly JW: Diflunisal analogues stabilize the native state of transthyretin. Potent inhibition of amyloidogenesis. J Med Chem. 2004 Jan 15;47(2):355-74. [Article]
  2. Almeida MR, Macedo B, Cardoso I, Alves I, Valencia G, Arsequell G, Planas A, Saraiva MJ: Selective binding to transthyretin and tetramer stabilization in serum from patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy by an iodinated diflunisal derivative. Biochem J. 2004 Jul 15;381(Pt 2):351-6. [Article]
  3. Gales L, Macedo-Ribeiro S, Arsequell G, Valencia G, Saraiva MJ, Damas AM: Human transthyretin in complex with iododiflunisal: structural features associated with a potent amyloid inhibitor. Biochem J. 2005 Jun 1;388(Pt 2):615-21. [Article]
  4. Miller SR, Sekijima Y, Kelly JW: Native state stabilization by NSAIDs inhibits transthyretin amyloidogenesis from the most common familial disease variants. Lab Invest. 2004 May;84(5):545-52. [Article]
  5. Tojo K, Sekijima Y, Kelly JW, Ikeda S: Diflunisal stabilizes familial amyloid polyneuropathy-associated transthyretin variant tetramers in serum against dissociation required for amyloidogenesis. Neurosci Res. 2006 Dec;56(4):441-9. Epub 2006 Oct 6. [Article]
Details
2. Serum albumin
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Davilas A, Koupparis M, Macheras P, Valsami G: In-vitro study on the competitive binding of diflunisal and uraemic toxins to serum albumin and human plasma using a potentiometric ion-probe technique. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;58(11):1467-74. [Article]
  2. Mao H, Hajduk PJ, Craig R, Bell R, Borre T, Fesik SW: Rational design of diflunisal analogues with reduced affinity for human serum albumin. J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Oct 31;123(43):10429-35. [Article]
  3. Rehse K, Fiedler B: [Determination of the protein binding of drugs by continuous ultrafiltration. 9. Comparison of the binding of nonsteroid antirheumatics to human serum albumin and their interaction with phenprocoumon]. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 1989 Apr;322(4):241-3. [Article]
  4. Verbeeck RK, De Schepper PJ: Influence of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis on diflunisal plasma protein binding. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980 May;27(5):628-35. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID
Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight
61815.78 Da
References
  1. Mulato AS, Ho ES, Cihlar T: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs efficiently reduce the transport and cytotoxicity of adefovir mediated by the human renal organic anion transporter 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Oct;295(1):10-5. [Article]
  2. Apiwattanakul N, Sekine T, Chairoungdua A, Kanai Y, Nakajima N, Sophasan S, Endou H: Transport properties of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by organic anion transporter 1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Mol Pharmacol. 1999 May;55(5):847-54. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48