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targets (16) enzymes (4)
for drugs
Identification
Name Clotiazepam
Accession Number DB01559
Type small molecule
Groups illicit, approved
Description

Clotiazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative, not approved for sale in the U.S. or Canada, but has been approved in the U.K. It is a schedule IV drug in Canada.
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
Clotiazepamum [inn-latin]
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Clozan
Distensan
Rize
Rizen
Tienor
Trecalmo
Veratran
Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Anti-anxiety Agents
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Benzodiazepines
CAS number 33671-46-4
Weight Average: 318.821
Monoisotopic: 318.059361509
Chemical Formula C16H15ClN2OS
InChI Key InChIKey=CHBRHODLKOZEPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C16H15ClN2OS/c1-3-10-8-12-15(11-6-4-5-7-13(11)17)18-9-14(20)19(2)16(12)21-10/h4-8H,3,9H2,1-2H3
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-ethyl-1-methyl-1H,2H,3H-thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepin-2-one
SMILES
CCC1=CC2=C(S1)N(C)C(=O)CN=C2C1=CC=CC=C1Cl
Plain Text
Mass Spec Not Available
Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic
Classes
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Lactams
Substructures
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Amino Ketones
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Aryl Halides
  • Halobenzenes
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Carboxamides and Derivatives
  • Diazepines
  • Lactams
  • Imines
  • Thiophenes
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Pharmacodynamics Clotiazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative possessing anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Stage 2 NREM sleep is significantly increased by clotiazepam.
Mechanism of action Clotiazepam acts at the benzodiazepine receptors (BZD). This agonizes the action of GABA, increasing the frequency of opening of the channel chlorinates and penetration of the ions chlorinates through the ionophore. Increase in membrane polarization decreases the probability of discharge of neurons.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 99% bound to plasma proteins.
Metabolism
Hepatic.
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life 4 hours
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers Not Available
Packagers Not Available
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet Oral
Prices Not Available
Patents Not Available
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 118-120 °C PhysProp
logP 3.18 MARUYAMA,T ET AL. (1992)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 5.37e-03 g/l ALOGPS
logP 3.58 ALOGPS
logP 4.11 ChemAxon
logS -4.8 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest basic) 2.39 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 2 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 0 ChemAxon
polar surface area 32.67 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 2 ChemAxon
refractivity 85.66 ChemAxon
polarizability 33.01 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Nakazawa Y, Kotorii M, Oshima M, Horikawa S, Tachibana H: Effects of thienodiazepine derivatives on human sleep as compared to those of benzodiazepine derivatives. Psychopharmacologia. 1975 Oct 31;44(2):165-71. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
PubChem Compound 2811 Link_out
PubChem Substance 46508776 Link_out
ChemSpider 2709 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000932 Link_out
PharmGKB PA164752437 Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotiazepam Link_out
ATC Codes Not Available
AHFS Codes Not Available
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label Not Available
MSDS Not Available
Interactions
Drug Interactions Not Available
Food Interactions Not Available
Targets

1. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P14867 Link_out
Gene: GABRA1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Baburin I, Khom S, Timin E, Hohaus A, Sieghart W, Hering S: Estimating the efficiency of benzodiazepines on GABA receptors comprising gamma1 or gamma2 subunits. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;155(3):424-33. Epub 2008 Jul 7. Pubmed
  2. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

2. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P47869 Link_out
Gene: GABRA2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

3. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P34903 Link_out
Gene: GABRA3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

4. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P31644 Link_out
Gene: GABRA5 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

5. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q8N1C3 Link_out
Gene: GABRG1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Baburin I, Khom S, Timin E, Hohaus A, Sieghart W, Hering S: Estimating the efficiency of benzodiazepines on GABA receptors comprising gamma1 or gamma2 subunits. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;155(3):424-33. Epub 2008 Jul 7. Pubmed
  2. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

6. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P18507 Link_out
Gene: GABRG2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Baburin I, Khom S, Timin E, Hohaus A, Sieghart W, Hering S: Estimating the efficiency of benzodiazepines on GABA receptors comprising gamma1 or gamma2 subunits. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;155(3):424-33. Epub 2008 Jul 7. Pubmed
  2. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. Pubmed

7. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: Q99928 Link_out
Gene: GABRG3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

8. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P18505 Link_out
Gene: GABRB1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

9. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P47870 Link_out
Gene: GABRB2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Baburin I, Khom S, Timin E, Hohaus A, Sieghart W, Hering S: Estimating the efficiency of benzodiazepines on GABA receptors comprising gamma1 or gamma2 subunits. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;155(3):424-33. Epub 2008 Jul 7. Pubmed

10. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P28472 Link_out
Gene: GABRB3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

11. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O14764 Link_out
Gene: GABRD Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

12. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P78334 Link_out
Gene: GABRE Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

13. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. In the uterus, the function of the receptor appears to be related to tissue contractility. The binding of this pI subunit with other GABA(A) receptor subunits alters the sensitivity of recombinant receptors to modulatory agents such as pregnanolone

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: O00591 Link_out
Gene: GABRP Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

14. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit rho-1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-1 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P24046 Link_out
Gene: GABRR1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

15. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-2 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P28476 Link_out
Gene: GABRR2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed

16. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: potentiator

GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel (By similarity)

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: A8MPY1 Link_out
Gene: GABRR3 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA: Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective. Curr Drug Metab. 2008 Oct;9(8):827-44. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2B6

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P20813 Link_out
Gene: CYP2B6 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 2C18

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics

UniProt ID: P33260 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C18 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Actions: substrate

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine

UniProt ID: P33261 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C19 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

4. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Actions: substrate, inhibitor

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide

UniProt ID: P08684 Link_out
Gene: CYP3A4
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on July 31, 2007 07:10 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:20