Dalfopristin

Identification

Summary

Dalfopristin is an antibiotic used with quinupristin to treat severe or life-threatening infections of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF), and skin infections caused by methicillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenes.

Brand Names
Synercid
Generic Name
Dalfopristin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01764
Background

Dalfopristin is a combination of two antibiotics (Dalfopristin and quinupristin) used to treat infections by staphylococci and by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. It is not effective against Enterococcus faecalis infections. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome and quinupristin inhibits the late phase of protein synthesis.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 690.85
Monoisotopic: 690.32985038
Chemical Formula
C34H50N4O9S
Synonyms
  • Dalfopristin
  • Dalfopristina
  • Dalfopristine
  • Dalfopristinum
External IDs
  • RP 54476
  • RP-54476

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of bacterial infections (usually in combination with quinupristin).

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to treatBacterial infectionsCombination Product in combination with: Quinupristin (DB01369)••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatMethicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infectionCombination Product in combination with: Quinupristin (DB01369)••• •••••
Used in combination to treatComplicated skin and subcutaneous tissue bacterial infectionCombination Product in combination with: Quinupristin (DB01369)••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Dalfopristin is a streptogramin antibiotic, derived from pristinamycin IIA.

Mechanism of action

The site of action of dalfopristin is the bacterial ribosome. Dalfopristin has been shown to inhibit the early phase of protein synthesis.

TargetActionsOrganism
AStreptogramin A acetyltransferase
inhibitor
Enterococcus faecium
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Moderate

Metabolism

Converted to an active non-conjugated metabolite by hydrolysis.

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

The elimination half-life is approximately 0.70 hours.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbemaciclibThe metabolism of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Dalfopristin.
AcalabrutinibThe metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be decreased when combined with Dalfopristin.
AcenocoumarolThe serum concentration of Acenocoumarol can be increased when it is combined with Dalfopristin.
AlbendazoleThe metabolism of Albendazole can be decreased when combined with Dalfopristin.
AlectinibThe metabolism of Alectinib can be decreased when combined with Dalfopristin.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Dalfopristin mesylateR5U9EZY06GNot AvailableZUBXFMSQBHKVNC-ODOOVVHSSA-N
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
SynercidDalfopristin (350 mg/5mL) + Quinupristin (150 mg/5mL)Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenousPfizer Laboratories Div Pfizer Inc1999-09-21Not applicableUS flag
SynercidDalfopristin (420 mg/6mL) + Quinupristin (180 mg/6mL)InjectionIntravenousMonarch Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2006-11-222006-11-22US flag
SynercidDalfopristin (350 mg / vial) + Quinupristin (150 mg / vial)Powder, for solutionIntravenousMonarch Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2000-07-052008-05-28Canada flag

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as macrolide lactams. These are cyclic polyketides containing both a cyclic amide and a cyclic ester group.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Class
Macrolide lactams
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Macrolide lactams
Alternative Parents
Alpha amino acid esters / Macrolactams / 2-heteroaryl carboxamides / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Sulfones / Oxazoles / Pyrrolidines / Lactones / Lactams
show 11 more
Substituents
2-heteroaryl carboxamide / Alcohol / Alpha-amino acid ester / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Carbonyl group
show 30 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
  • Enterococcus faecalis

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
R9M4FJE48E
CAS number
112362-50-2
InChI Key
SUYRLXYYZQTJHF-VMBLUXKRSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C34H50N4O9S/c1-7-37(8-2)16-17-48(44,45)28-13-15-38-31(28)34(43)47-32(22(3)4)24(6)11-12-29(41)35-14-9-10-23(5)18-25(39)19-26(40)20-30-36-27(21-46-30)33(38)42/h9-12,18,21-22,24-25,28,31-32,39H,7-8,13-17,19-20H2,1-6H3,(H,35,41)/b10-9+,12-11+,23-18+/t24-,25-,28-,31-,32-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(6R,7S,10R,11R,12E,17E,19E,21S)-6-[2-(diethylamino)ethanesulfonyl]-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-(propan-2-yl)-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.0^{3,7}]octacosa-1(27),12,17,19,25(28)-pentaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone
SMILES
CCN(CC)CCS(=O)(=O)[C@@H]1CCN2[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C(C)C)[C@H](C)\C=C\C(=O)NC\C=C\C(\C)=C\[C@@H](O)CC(=O)CC1=NC(=CO1)C2=O

References

General References
  1. Allington DR, Rivey MP: Quinupristin/dalfopristin: a therapeutic review. Clin Ther. 2001 Jan;23(1):24-44. [Article]
  2. Lamb HM, Figgitt DP, Faulds D: Quinupristin/dalfopristin: a review of its use in the management of serious gram-positive infections. Drugs. 1999 Dec;58(6):1061-97. [Article]
  3. Manzella JP: Quinupristin-dalfopristin: a new antibiotic for severe gram-positive infections. Am Fam Physician. 2001 Dec 1;64(11):1863-6. [Article]
  4. Paradisi F, Corti G, Messeri D: Antistaphylococcal (MSSA, MRSA, MSSE, MRSE) antibiotics. Med Clin North Am. 2001 Jan;85(1):1-17. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D00853
KEGG Compound
C08033
PubChem Compound
6323289
PubChem Substance
46506561
ChemSpider
16736919
RxNav
229369
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1200937
ZINC
ZINC000003917540
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP001294
PharmGKB
PA164746234
PDBe Ligand
DOL
Wikipedia
Dalfopristin
PDB Entries
1mrl / 1sm1 / 2z2p / 4u24 / 4u26 / 6zs9 / 6zsa / 6zsb / 6zsc / 6zsd
show 3 more
FDA label
Download (67.1 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3TerminatedTreatmentGram Positive Bacterial Infections1
0TerminatedTreatmentOsteomyelitis1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
InjectionIntravenous
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous
Powder, for solutionIntravenous
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0716 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.57ALOGPS
logP1.58Chemaxon
logS-4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.17Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.09Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count9Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area176.42 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count7Chemaxon
Refractivity182.84 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability72.41 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.6544
Blood Brain Barrier-0.9286
Caco-2 permeable-0.6574
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.7988
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.6395
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9399
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9011
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7897
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.9116
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.5
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.8118
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7261
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8606
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6834
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7363
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9392
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.6184
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.6071
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.6975
Rat acute toxicity2.6096 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9396
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.7254
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-0000009000-68dfa50bb1352ed9782a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0079-0000009000-c378e002ac097dd93d4e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-1000079000-c37bf4b06bd6343a1554
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0079-0000039000-da4d169924bf9fc1024e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0pb9-2000069000-6f3a83abf75ada14841a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00el-0000029000-145863c7cdc636de1796
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-285.1376231
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-245.13002
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+288.2304231
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+247.0254
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+287.8949231
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+252.64883
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Enterococcus faecium
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
Specific Function
Inactivates the A compounds of streptogramin antibiotics by acetylation, thus providing resistance to these antibiotics.
Gene Name
vatD
Uniprot ID
P50870
Uniprot Name
Streptogramin A acetyltransferase
Molecular Weight
23649.22 Da
References
  1. Manfredi R, Sabbatani S: Novel pharmaceutical molecules against emerging resistant gram-positive cocci. Braz J Infect Dis. 2010 Jan-Feb;14(1):96-108. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Rubinstein E, Prokocimer P, Talbot GH: Safety and tolerability of quinupristin/dalfopristin: administration guidelines. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999 Sep;44 Suppl A:37-46. [Article]
  2. Lamb HM, Figgitt DP, Faulds D: Quinupristin/dalfopristin: a review of its use in the management of serious gram-positive infections. Drugs. 1999 Dec;58(6):1061-97. [Article]
  3. Bearden DT: Clinical pharmacokinetics of quinupristin/dalfopristin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004;43(4):239-52. [Article]
  4. Delgado G Jr, Neuhauser MM, Bearden DT, Danziger LH: Quinupristin-dalfopristin: an overview. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Dec;20(12):1469-85. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:51