Identification
- Summary
Hypochlorite is an antimicrobial used to treat and prevent infections of the skin and tissue.
- Generic Name
- Hypochlorite
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11123
- Background
Hypochlorite is an ion composed of chlorine and oxygen with the chemical formula ClO−. Being unstable in the pure form, hypochlorite is most commonly used for bleaching, disinfectation, and water treatment purposes in its salt form, sodium hypochlorite. Hypochlorite is often used as a chemical reagent for chlorination and oxidation reactions.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Hypochlorite (DB11123)
- Weight
- Average: 51.452
Monoisotopic: 50.963767329 - Chemical Formula
- ClO
- Synonyms
- Hypochlorit
Pharmacology
- Indication
Indicated for over-the-counter use as a disinfectant agent in the sodium hypochlorite form.
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Sodium hypochlorite exerts antimicrobial actions that depends on the concentration of the available chlorine and the pH of the solution 2. The concentration of the hypochlorite depends on the overall efficiency of disinfection 2.
- Mechanism of action
Sodium hypochlorite mediate its antimicrobial action by reacting with fatty acids and amino acids. Via saponification reaction, it acts as an organic and fat solvent, degrading fatty acids to form fatty acids and glycerol 1. This reduces the surface tension of the remaining solution. Sodium hypochlorite may react with amino acids to neutralize them and form water and salt. Hypochlorous acids (HOCl-) present in sodium hypochlorite solutions may act as solvents in contact with organic tissue to release chlorine, which forms chloramines when combined with the protein amino group that disrupt cell metabolism 1. Chlorine in the solution is a strong oxidant that inhibits essential bacterial enzymes leading to an irreversible oxidation of SH groups 1. Eventually hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions degrade and hydrolyze amino acids.
- Absorption
This pharmacokinetic parameter does not apply for this drug.
- Volume of distribution
This pharmacokinetic parameter does not apply for this drug.
- Protein binding
This pharmacokinetic parameter does not apply for this drug.
- Metabolism
This pharmacokinetic parameter does not apply for this drug. Hypochlorite salts are expected to undergo dissociation.
- Route of elimination
This pharmacokinetic parameter does not apply for this drug.
- Half-life
This pharmacokinetic parameter does not apply for this drug.
- Clearance
This pharmacokinetic parameter does not apply for this drug.
- Adverse Effects
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Oral LD50 of sodium hypochlorite in an acute oral toxicity study was 5800 mg/kg in mouse MSDS.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Sodium hypochlorite DY38VHM5OD 7681-52-9 SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Hypochlorous acid unknown 712K4CDC10 7790-92-3 QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image (Qiqing) Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfectant Liquid 6 g/100mL Topical Qingdao precision medical technology co., LTD. Zibo branch 2020-06-21 Not applicable US 
84 Disinfectant Liquid 25.9 g/518g Extracorporeal Jiangsu Hawer Amenities Technology Co.,Ltd 2020-03-30 Not applicable US 84 Disinfectant Liquid 40 g/1L Extracorporeal Wuxi Yongning Daily Chemical Factory 2020-03-29 Not applicable US Airocare Liquid 1.5 mg/100mL Topical Yukang Co.,Ltd. 2021-01-13 Not applicable US Daily Doctor Sterilization Plus Spray 0.002 g/1mL Topical GFC Life Science Co., Ltd. 2020-04-29 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Diabek-100 Sodium hypochlorite (0.000005 mg/1mL) + Hydrogen peroxide (0.000005 mL/1mL) + Hypochlorous acid (0.00002 mg/1mL) Solution Topical JOAQUIN ARMANDO CARDENAS URQUIDEZ 2021-03-11 Not applicable US Diabek-100 Sodium hypochlorite (0.000004 mg/1mL) + Hydrogen peroxide (0.000005 mL/1mL) + Hypochlorous acid (0.000015 mg/1mL) Solution Buccal JOAQUIN ARMANDO CARDENAS URQUIDEZ 2021-03-02 Not applicable US Diabek-100 Sodium hypochlorite (0.000005 g/1g) + Hydrogen peroxide (0.000005 g/1g) + Hypochlorous acid (0.00002 g/1g) Gel Topical JOAQUIN ARMANDO CARDENAS URQUIDEZ 2021-03-02 Not applicable US K-100 Sodium hypochlorite (0.000005 mg/1mL) + Hydrogen peroxide (0.000005 mL/1mL) + Hypochlorous acid (0.00006 mg/1mL) Solution Topical JOAQUIN ARMANDO CARDENAS URQUIDEZ 2021-03-05 Not applicable US K-100 Sodium hypochlorite (0.000005 mg/1mL) + Hydrogen peroxide (0.000005 mL/1mL) + Hypochlorous acid (0.00005 mg/1mL) Gel Topical JOAQUIN ARMANDO CARDENAS URQUIDEZ 2021-03-10 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image (Qiqing) Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfectant Sodium hypochlorite (6 g/100mL) Liquid Topical Qingdao precision medical technology co., LTD. Zibo branch 2020-06-21 Not applicable US 84 Disinfectant Sodium hypochlorite (25.9 g/518g) Liquid Extracorporeal Jiangsu Hawer Amenities Technology Co.,Ltd 2020-03-30 Not applicable US 84 Disinfectant Sodium hypochlorite (40 g/1L) Liquid Extracorporeal Wuxi Yongning Daily Chemical Factory 2020-03-29 Not applicable US Airocare Sodium hypochlorite (1.5 mg/100mL) Liquid Topical Yukang Co.,Ltd. 2021-01-13 Not applicable US Daily Doctor Sterilization Plus Sodium hypochlorite (0.002 g/1mL) Spray Topical GFC Life Science Co., Ltd. 2020-04-29 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- D08AX07 — Sodium hypochlorite
- Drug Categories
- Acids
- Acids, Noncarboxylic
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Antiseptics and Disinfectants
- Chlorine Compounds
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Dermatologicals
- Disinfectants
- Free Radicals
- Miscellaneous Local Anti-infectives
- Noxae
- Oxidants
- Oxides
- Oxygen Compounds
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- Sodium Compounds
- Toxic Actions
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as non-metal hypochlorites. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds containing a hypochlorite as its largest oxoanion.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Homogeneous non-metal compounds
- Class
- Non-metal oxoanionic compounds
- Sub Class
- Non-metal hypochlorites
- Direct Parent
- Non-metal hypochlorites
- Alternative Parents
- Inorganic oxides
- Substituents
- Inorganic oxide / Non-metal hypochlorite
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- monovalent inorganic anion, chlorine oxoanion, chlorine oxide (CHEBI:29222) / an inorganic compound (CPD-12800)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- T5UM7HB19N
- CAS number
- 14380-61-1
- InChI Key
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/ClO/c1-2/q-1
- IUPAC Name
- hypochlorite
- SMILES
- [O-]Cl
References
- General References
- Estrela C, Estrela CR, Barbin EL, Spano JC, Marchesan MA, Pecora JD: Mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite. Braz Dent J. 2002;13(2):113-7. [Article]
- Fukuzaki S: Mechanisms of actions of sodium hypochlorite in cleaning and disinfection processes. Biocontrol Sci. 2006 Dec;11(4):147-57. [Article]
- SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE - National Library of Medicine Database - Toxnet [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0001050
- PubChem Compound
- 61739
- PubChem Substance
- 347827905
- ChemSpider
- 55632
- 1483317
- ChEBI
- 29222
- Wikipedia
- Hypochlorite
- MSDS
- Download (51.7 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Pulp Disease, Dental / Pulp Mummification 1 4 Completed Prevention Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / Infections, Coronavirus / Mouthwashes / Polymerase Chain Reaction / Saliva / Viral Load 1 4 Completed Treatment Atopic Dermatitis 1 4 Completed Treatment Periodontitis, Apical / Pulp Disease, Dental 1 4 Completed Treatment Skin Disinfection Before Peripheral Venous Catheter Insertion 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Liquid Topical 6 g/100mL Liquid Extracorporeal 25.9 g/518g Liquid Extracorporeal 40 g/1L Liquid Topical 1.5 mg/100mL Solution Topical Spray Cutaneous Spray Topical 0.002 g/1mL Solution Topical 5 g / L Solution Topical 5 mg/1mL Solution Topical 2.5 mg/1mL Solution Topical 1.25 mg/1mL Solution Topical 0.125 mg/1mL Liquid Topical 2.5 kg/100L Liquid Topical 5.5 kg/100L Liquid Topical 120 mg/1000mL Liquid Topical 0.057 % Liquid Topical 0.114 % Liquid Topical 0.02 g/100mL Gel Topical Solution Topical Liquid Topical 0.01 g/100mL Solution Buccal Liquid Extracorporeal 1 mg/1L Liquid Extracorporeal 420 g/3000mL Gel Extracorporeal 0.05 mg/500mL Solution, concentrate Topical 2 kg/4kg Liquid Topical 10 mg/100mL - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source boiling point (°C) Decomposes at 40 (sodium hypochlorite) MSDS water solubility Soluble (sodium hypochlorite) MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 378.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.02 ALOGPS logP 0.32 Chemaxon logS 0.74 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 7.93 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -5.9 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 23.06 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 7.58 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 3.15 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 111.65085 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 113.4823 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 120.72173 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at April 18, 2024 09:15