Identification
- Summary
Isopropyl myristate is a polar skin moisturizer that is used to enhance skin penetration of drugs.
- Generic Name
- Isopropyl myristate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB13966
- Background
Isopropyl myristate is a moisturizer with polar characteristics used in cosmetics and topical medical preparations to ameliorate the skin absorption. Isopropyl myristate has been largely studied and impulsed as a skin penetration enhancer.5
At the moment the primary usage for which isopropyl myristate is formally indicated is as the active ingredient in a non-prescription pediculicide rinse 3,8,9.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Experimental
- Structure
Structure for Isopropyl myristate (DB13966)
- Weight
- Average: 270.4507
Monoisotopic: 270.255880332 - Chemical Formula
- C17H34O2
- Synonyms
- 1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate
- Isopropyl myristate
- Isopropyl tetradecanoate
- External IDs
- BRN 1781127
- FEMA NO. 3556
Pharmacology
- Indication
The primary medical indication for which isopropyl myristate is formally used as an active ingredient in a patient care product is as a non-prescription pediculicide rinse 1.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Head lice •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Isopropyl myristate is an emollient vehicle that is effective at enhancing the penetration of other medical agents that may be incorporated into the vehicle as active agents 7. In one study, a 50:50 isopropanol-isopropyl myristate binary enhancer synergistically increased the transport of estradiol across a two-layer human epidermis in vitro 2.
- Mechanism of action
As a pediculicide, isopropyl myristate is capable of physically coating the exoskeleton bodies of lice 8,9,3,4. This physical coating subsequently immobilizes the lice and works to dissolve the wax covering on the insect exoskeleton and blocks the insects' airways, leading to death by dehydration 8,9,3,4. Although this physical action of isopropyl myristate results in little lice resistance (given the lack of immunologic or chemical activity in this mechanism of action), the substance is also not ovicidal, which means any eggs that may have been laid by lice would not be affected 8,9,3,4. Moreover, isopropyl myristate is capable of eliciting its pediculicide action in a contact time of only 10 minutes per each necessary administration 8,9,3,4.
- Absorption
Dermal absorption of isopropyl myristate is predicated to be 0.00020 mg/cm2/event, which is considered a very low absorption rate 10. In a study, topically applied isopropyl myristate was largely retained in the stratum corneum 2. It was not detected in the receptor fluid of flow-through diffusion cells in in-vitro skin permeation experiments using human epidermis (stratum corneum and viable epidermis) and dermis of varying thickness 2.
- Volume of distribution
Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available 12,6.
- Protein binding
Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available 12,6.
- Metabolism
Any isopropyl myristate that is absorbed is likely to be hydrolyzed to its component compounds of isopropylalcohol and myristic acid 11.
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- Route of elimination
Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available 12,6.
- Half-life
Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available 12,6.
- Clearance
Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available 12,6.
- Adverse Effects
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Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available 12,6.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- International/Other Brands
- Estergel
- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Resultz Solution 50 % w/w Topical Aralez Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc 2006-09-01 Not applicable Canada 
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Secol Isopropyl myristate (10 %) + Lanolin (4 %) + Mineral oil (80 %) Liquid Topical Odan Laboratories Ltd 1975-12-31 2012-12-31 Canada
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 0RE8K4LNJS
- CAS number
- 110-27-0
- InChI Key
- AXISYYRBXTVTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C17H34O2/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-17(18)19-16(2)3/h16H,4-15H2,1-3H3
- IUPAC Name
- propan-2-yl tetradecanoate
- SMILES
- CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C
References
- General References
- Authors unspecified: Update on treatments for head lice. Drug Ther Bull. 2009 May;47(5):50-2. doi: 10.1136/dtb.2009.04.0014. [Article]
- Liu P, Cettina M, Wong J: Effects of isopropanol-isopropyl myristate binary enhancers on in vitro transport of estradiol in human epidermis: a mechanistic evaluation. J Pharm Sci. 2009 Feb;98(2):565-72. doi: 10.1002/jps.21459. [Article]
- Kaul N, Palma KG, Silagy SS, Goodman JJ, Toole J: North American efficacy and safety of a novel pediculicide rinse, isopropyl myristate 50% (Resultz). J Cutan Med Surg. 2007 Sep-Oct;11(5):161-7. doi: 10.2310/7750.2007.00045. [Article]
- Barnett E, Palma KG, Clayton B, Ballard T: Effectiveness of isopropyl myristate/cyclomethicone D5 solution of removing cuticular hydrocarbons from human head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis). BMC Dermatol. 2012 Sep 3;12:15. doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-12-15. [Article]
- Eichner A, Stahlberg S, Sonnenberger S, Lange S, Dobner B, Ostermann A, Schrader TE, Hauss T, Schroeter A, Huster D, Neubert RH: Influence of the penetration enhancer isopropyl myristate on stratum corneum lipid model membranes revealed by neutron diffraction and (2)H NMR experiments. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2017 May;1859(5):745-755. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.01.029. Epub 2017 Jan 26. [Article]
- Kathy Moscou, Karen Snipe (2014). Pharmacology for Pharmacy Technicians. Elsevier Health Sciences. [ISBN:9780323292658]
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review: Amended Safety Assessment of Alkyl Esters as Used in Cosmetics [Link]
- Canadian Paediatric Society: Head Lice Infestations - A clinical update [Link]
- Resultz: Why Resultz is the Best Choice For Your Patients [Link]
- ECHA Registration Dossier: Isopropyl Myristate [Link]
- NIH Toxnet: Isopropyl Myristate [Link]
- Journal of the American College of Toxicology: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Myristyl Myristate and Isopropyl Myristate [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0040392
- ChemSpider
- 7751
- 27985
- ChEBI
- 90027
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL207602
- ZINC
- ZINC000008214588
- Wikipedia
- Isopropyl_myristate
- FDA label
- Download (1.33 MB)
- MSDS
- Download (47 KB)
Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Lotion Topical 50 g Solution Topical 50 % w/w Liquid Topical - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00011 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 7.02 ALOGPS logP 6.29 Chemaxon logS -6.4 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) -7 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 26.3 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 14 Chemaxon Refractivity 81.82 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 36.05 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 196.79822 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 196.77272 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 196.69162 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 169.66547 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 198.29972 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 197.92002 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 197.43312 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 172.85374 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 197.41712 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 197.03192 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 197.35592 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 181.78072 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Drug created at January 17, 2018 19:19 / Updated at April 17, 2024 06:33