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Identification
Name Naproxen
Accession Number DB00788 (APRD01135)
Type small molecule
Groups approved
Description

An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout. [PubChem]
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms Not Available
Salts Not Available
Brand names
Name Company
Aleve
Anaprox
Bonyl
Diocodal
DL Naproxen
DL-Naproxen
Dysmenalgit
Ec-naprosyn
Equiproxen
Floginax
Laraflex
Laser
Mnpa
Naixan
Naprelan
Napren
Naprium
Naprius
Naprosine
Naprosyn
Naprosyne
Naproxen Sodium
Naprux
Naxen
Naxyn
Niaxan
Nycopren
Panoxen
Pranoxen
Prexan
Proxen
Proxine
Reuxen
Veradol
Xenar
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Brand mixtures Not Available
Categories
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
  • Gout Suppressants
CAS number 22204-53-1
Weight Average: 230.2592
Monoisotopic: 230.094294314
Chemical Formula C14H14O3
InChI Key InChIKey=CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C14H14O3/c1-9(14(15)16)10-3-4-12-8-13(17-2)6-5-11(12)7-10/h3-9H,1-2H3,(H,15,16)/t9-/m0/s1
Plain Text
IUPAC Name
(2S)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoic acid
SMILES
COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=C(C=C2)[C@H](C)C(O)=O
Plain Text
Mass Spec show (7.95 KB)
Taxonomy
Kingdom Not Available
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
Pharmacology
Indication For the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendinitis, bursitis, and acute gout. Also for the relief of mild to moderate pain and the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
Pharmacodynamics Naproxen is a member of the arylacetic acid group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Naproxen has analgesic and antipyretic properties. As with other NSAIDs, its mode of action is not fully understood; however, its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis may be involved in the anti-inflammatory effect.
Mechanism of action The mechanism of action of naproxen, like that of other NSAIDs, is believed to be associated with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity. Two unique cyclooxygenases have been described in mammals. The constitutive cyclooxygenase, COX-1, synthesizes prostaglandins necessary for normal gastrointestinal and renal function. The inducible cyclooxygenase, COX-2, generates prostaglandins involved in inflammation. Inhibition of COX-1 is thought to be associated with gastrointestinal and renal toxicity while inhibition of COX-2 provides anti-inflammatory activity.
Absorption Naproxen itself is rapidly and completely absorbed from the GI tract with an in vivo bioavailability of 95%. Although naproxen itself is well absorbed, the sodium salt form is more rapidly absorbed resulting in higher peak plasma levels for a given dose. Food causes a slight decrease in the rate absorption.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding At therapeutic levels naproxen is greater than 99% albumin-bound.
Metabolism Naproxen is extensively metabolized to 6-0-desmethyl naproxen and both parent and metabolites do not induce metabolizing enzymes.
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life The observed terminal elimination half-life is approximately 15 hours.
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity ORAL (LD50): Acute: 248 mg/kg [Rat]. 360 mg/kg [Mouse]. Symptoms of overdose include drowsiness, heartburn, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways
Pathway Name SMPDB ID
Smp00120 Naproxen Pathway SMP00120
Pharmacoeconomics
Manufacturers
  • Roche palo alto llc
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Actavis elizabeth llc
  • Alphapharm party ltd
  • Pliva inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Amneal pharmaceuticals ny llc
  • Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
  • Dava pharmaceuticals inc
  • Glenmark generics ltd
  • Hamilton pharmaceuticals ltd
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Perrigo r and d co
  • Purepac pharmaceutical co
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Westward pharmaceutical corp
  • Zydus pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Banner pharmacaps inc
  • Stat trade inc
  • Watson laboratories inc florida
  • Bayer healthcare llc
  • Able laboratories inc
  • Contract pharmacal corp
  • Dr reddys laboratories inc
  • Dr reddys laboratories ltd
  • Hikma pharmaceuticals
  • L perrigo co
Packagers
Dosage forms
Form Route Strength
Suppository Rectal
Suspension Oral
Tablet Oral
Tablet, coated Oral
Tablet, extended release Oral
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Naproxen 125 mg/5ml Suspension 500ml Bottle 51.5 USD bottle
Naprelan 750 mg 24 Hour tablet 8.87 USD tablet
Naprelan cr 500 mg tablet 8.5 USD tablet
Naprelan cr 750 mg tablet 8.02 USD tablet
Naprelan cr dosecrd 500-750 mg 5.98 USD each
Naprelan 375 mg 24 Hour tablet 4.34 USD tablet
Anaprox ds 550 mg tablet 3.66 USD tablet
Naprelan 500 mg 24 Hour tablet 3.63 USD tablet
Naprelan cr 375 mg tablet 3.52 USD tablet
Naproxen sodium powder 2.63 USD g
Anaprox 275 mg tablet 2.52 USD tablet
Naprosyn 500 mg tablet 2.42 USD tablet
Naproxen powder 2.26 USD g
Naprosyn 500 mg tablet ec 2.19 USD tablet
Naprosyn 375 mg tablet 1.93 USD tablet
Ec-naprosyn 375 mg tablet ec 1.79 USD tablet
Naprosyn 250 mg tablet 1.47 USD tablet
Naprosyn Sr 750 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 1.43 USD tablet
Anaprox Ds 550 mg Tablet 1.33 USD tablet
Naproxen 500 mg tablet 1.32 USD tablet
Naproxen sodium 550 mg tablet 1.32 USD tablet
Naproxen DR 500 mg Enteric Coated Tabs 1.3 USD tab
Naproxen DR 375 mg Enteric Coated Tabs 1.11 USD tab
Naprosyn E 500 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 1.09 USD tablet
Naproxen 375 mg tablet 1.08 USD tablet
Apo-Naproxen Sr 750 mg Sustained-Release Tablet 1.05 USD tablet
Pms-Naproxen 500 mg Suppository 0.87 USD suppository
Naproxen sodium 275 mg tablet 0.86 USD tablet
Naproxen 250 mg tablet 0.79 USD tablet
Apo-Napro-Na Ds 550 mg Tablet 0.7 USD tablet
Novo-Naprox Sodium Ds 550 mg Tablet 0.7 USD tablet
Anaprox 275 mg Tablet 0.69 USD tablet
Apo-Naproxen Ec 500 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.61 USD tablet
Mylan-Naproxen Ec 500 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.61 USD tablet
Novo-Naprox Ec 500 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.61 USD tablet
Pms-Naproxen Ec 500 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.61 USD tablet
Naprosyn E 375 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.6 USD tablet
Naprosyn E 250 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.46 USD tablet
Apo-Napro-Na 275 mg Tablet 0.36 USD tablet
Novo-Naprox Sodium 275 mg Tablet 0.36 USD tablet
Apo-Naproxen Ec 375 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.34 USD tablet
Mylan-Naproxen Ec 375 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.34 USD tablet
Novo-Naprox Ec 375 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.34 USD tablet
Pms-Naproxen Ec 375 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.34 USD tablet
Apo-Naproxen Ec 250 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.26 USD tablet
Novo-Naprox Ec 250 mg Enteric-Coated Tablet 0.26 USD tablet
Apo-Naproxen 500 mg Tablet 0.22 USD tablet
Novo-Naprox 500 mg Tablet 0.22 USD tablet
Nu-Naprox 500 mg Tablet 0.22 USD tablet
Aleve 220 mg gelcap 0.19 USD capsule
Naprosyn 125 mg/5ml Suspension 0.18 USD ml
Mediproxen tablet 0.17 USD tablet
Apo-Naproxen 375 mg Tablet 0.15 USD tablet
Naproxen sodium 220 mg tablet 0.15 USD tablet
Novo-Naprox 375 mg Tablet 0.15 USD tablet
Nu-Naprox 375 mg Tablet 0.15 USD tablet
CVS Pharmacy all day pain rlf 220 mg tb 0.12 USD tablet
Wal-proxen 220 mg tablet 0.12 USD tablet
Apo-Naproxen 250 mg Tablet 0.11 USD tablet
Novo-Naprox 250 mg Tablet 0.11 USD tablet
Nu-Naprox 250 mg Tablet 0.11 USD tablet
All day pain rlf 220 mg caplet 0.1 USD caplet
Aleve 220 mg caplet 0.09 USD caplet
Aleve 220 mg tablet 0.09 USD tablet
Wal-proxen 220 mg caplet 0.09 USD tablet
Apo-Naproxen 125 mg Tablet 0.08 USD tablet
All day pain relief 220 mg tablet 0.07 USD tablet
Naprosyn 25 mg/ml Suspension 0.07 USD ml
Naproxen sodium 220 mg caplet 0.06 USD tablet
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DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires (estimated)
United States 5637320 1994-06-10 2014-06-10
Canada 2034096 2002-03-26 2011-01-14
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 153 °C PhysProp
water solubility 15.9 mg/L (at 25 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP 3.18 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
logS -4.16 ADME Research, USCD
Caco2 permeability -4.83 ADME Research, USCD
pKa 4.15 SANGSTER (1994)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 5.11e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP 3.29 ALOGPS
logP 2.99 ChemAxon
logS -3.6 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 4.19 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) -4.8 ChemAxon
physiological charge -1 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 3 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon
polar surface area 46.53 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 3 ChemAxon
refractivity 64.85 ChemAxon
polarizability 24.81 ChemAxon
References
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Kearney PM, Baigent C, Godwin J, Halls H, Emberson JR, Patrono C: Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2006 Jun 3;332(7553):1302-8. Pubmed
  2. Zhang J, Ding EL, Song Y: Adverse effects of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors on renal and arrhythmia events: meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA. 2006 Oct 4;296(13):1619-32. Epub 2006 Sep 12. Pubmed
External Links
Resource Link
KEGG Drug D00118 Link_out
KEGG Compound C01517 Link_out
BindingDB 50009860 Link_out
ChEBI 7476 Link_out
ChEMBL 7476 Link_out
Therapeutic Targets Database DAP000968 Link_out
PharmGKB PA450595 Link_out
Drug Product Database 618721 Link_out
RxList http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/naproxsod.htm Link_out
Drugs.com http://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html Link_out
PDRhealth http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/ana1021.shtml Link_out
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naproxen Link_out
ATC Codes
  • G02CC02
  • M01AE02
  • M02AA12
AHFS Codes
  • 28:08.04.92
PDB Entries Not Available
FDA label show (240 KB)
MSDS show (75.4 KB)
Interactions
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acenocoumarol The NSAID, naproxen, may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.
Alendronate Increased risk of gastric toxicity
Anisindione The NSAID, naproxen, may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
Colesevelam Bile acid sequestrants may decrease the absorption of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Monitor for decreased serum concentrations/therapeutic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID) if coadministered with bile acid sequestrants. Separating the administration of doses by 2 or more hours may reduce (but not eliminate) the risk of interaction. The manufacturer of colesevelam recommends that drugs should be administered at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after colesevelam.
Cyclosporine Monitor for nephrotoxicity
Dicumarol The NSAID, naproxen, may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.
Ginkgo biloba Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Lithium The NSAID, naproxen, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
Methotrexate The NSAID, naproxen, may decrease the renal excretion of methotrexate. Increased risk of methotrexate toxicity.
Pralatrexate NSAIDs increase the risk of toxicity due to impairment of renal clearance of pralatrexate thus increasing exposure. Monitor for adverse effects or adjust dose of pralatrexate.
Telmisartan Concomitant use of Telmisartan and Naproxen may increase the risk of acute renal failure and hyperkalemia. Monitor renal function at the beginning and during treatment.
Timolol The NSAID, Naproxen, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
Trandolapril The NSAID, Naproxen, may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trandolapril efficacy if Naproxen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Treprostinil The prostacyclin analogue, Treprostinil, may increase the risk of bleeding when combined with the NSAID, Naproxen. Monitor for increased bleeding during concomitant thearpy.
Triflusal The metabolite of triflusal, 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoro-methyl-benzoic acid (HTB), impairs the serum protein binding of naproxen to the same extent as acetylsalisylic acid. Thus, the free fraction of glisentide may be increased. A dosage reduction may be required if used in combination.
Vilazodone Increased risk of bleeding with concomitant use of NSAIDs with vilazodone.
Warfarin The antiplatelet effects of naproxen may increase the bleed risk associated with warfarin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding during concomitant therapy.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Take with a full glass of water.
  • Take with food.
Targets

1. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P35354 Link_out
Gene: PTGS2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Albertini R, Aimbire F, Villaverde AB, Silva JA Jr, Costa MS: COX-2 mRNA expression decreases in the subplantar muscle of rat paw subjected to carrageenan-induced inflammation after low level laser therapy. Inflamm Res. 2007 Jun;56(6):228-9. Pubmed
  2. Dhir A, Naidu PS, Kulkarni SK: Neuroprotective effect of nimesulide, a preferential COX-2 inhibitor, against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced chemical kindling and associated biochemical parameters in mice. Seizure. 2007 Jun 29;. Pubmed
  3. Kumar P, Padi SS, Naidu PS, Kumar A: Cyclooxygenase inhibition attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats: possible antioxidant mechanisms. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Jun;21(3):297-306. Pubmed
  4. White WB: Cardiovascular effects of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Subcell Biochem. 2007;42:145-58. Pubmed
  5. Hassan-Alin M, Naesdal J, Nilsson-Pieschl C, Langstrom G, Andersson T: Lack of Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Esomeprazole and the Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Naproxen and Rofecoxib in Healthy Subjects. Clin Drug Investig. 2005;25(11):731-40. Pubmed
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. Pubmed

2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1

Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells

Organism class: human
UniProt ID: P23219 Link_out
Gene: PTGS1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. James MJ, Cook-Johnson RJ, Cleland LG: Selective COX-2 Inhibitors, Eicosanoid Synthesis and Clinical Outcomes: A Case Study of System Failure. Lipids. 2007 Jun 2;. Pubmed
Enzymes

1. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan

UniProt ID: P11712 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C9
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

2. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen

UniProt ID: P05177 Link_out
Gene: CYP1A2
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Flockhart DA. Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table. Indiana University School of Medicine (2007). Accessed May 28, 2010.
  2. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

3. Cytochrome P450 2C8

Actions: substrate

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti- cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol)

UniProt ID: P10632 Link_out
Gene: CYP2C8
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Pubmed

4. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1

Actions: substrate

UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX- alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate

UniProt ID: P22309 Link_out
Gene: UGT1A1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed

5. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7

Actions: substrate

Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol suggests it may play an important role in regulating the level and activity of these potent and active estrogen metabolites

UniProt ID: P16662 Link_out
Gene: UGT2B7 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. Pubmed
Transporters

1. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2

Actions: inhibitor

Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity)

UniProt ID: P46721 Link_out
Gene: SLCO1A2 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Shitara Y, Sugiyama D, Kusuhara H, Kato Y, Abe T, Meier PJ, Itoh T, Sugiyama Y: Comparative inhibitory effects of different compounds on rat oatpl (slc21a1)- and Oatp2 (Slc21a5)-mediated transport. Pharm Res. 2002 Feb;19(2):147-53. Pubmed

2. Solute carrier family 22 member 6

Actions: inhibitor
UniProt ID: Q4U2R8 Link_out
Gene: hROAT1 Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Mulato AS, Ho ES, Cihlar T: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs efficiently reduce the transport and cytotoxicity of adefovir mediated by the human renal organic anion transporter 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Oct;295(1):10-5. Pubmed
  2. Apiwattanakul N, Sekine T, Chairoungdua A, Kanai Y, Nakajima N, Sophasan S, Endou H: Transport properties of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by organic anion transporter 1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Mol Pharmacol. 1999 May;55(5):847-54. Pubmed
Carriers

1. Serum albumin

Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood

UniProt ID: P02768 Link_out
Gene: ALB Link_out
Protein Sequence: FASTA
Gene Sequence: FASTA
SNPs: SNPJam Report Link_out

References:
  1. Banerjee T, Singh SK, Kishore N: Binding of naproxen and amitriptyline to bovine serum albumin: biophysical aspects. J Phys Chem B. 2006 Nov 30;110(47):24147-56. Pubmed
Comments
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on February 08, 2013 16:19