Hydrocortisone cypionate

Identification

Generic Name
Hydrocortisone cypionate
DrugBank Accession Number
DB14541
Background

Not Available

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 486.649
Monoisotopic: 486.298139072
Chemical Formula
C29H42O6
Synonyms
  • Cortisol 21-cyclopentanepropionate
  • Hydrocortisone cipionate

Pharmacology

Indication

For the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Also used to treat endocrine (hormonal) disorders (adrenal insufficiency, Addisons disease). It is also used to treat many immune and allergic disorders, such as arthritis, lupus, severe psoriasis, severe asthma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.

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Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Hydrocortisone is the most important human glucocorticoid. It is essential for life and regulates or supports a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic functions. Topical hydrocortisone is used for its anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive properties to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger a variety of important cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic effects. Glucocorticoids are distinguished from mineralocorticoids and sex steroids by having different receptors, target cells, and effects. Technically, the term corticosteroid refers to both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, but is often used as a synonym for glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity. They act by inhibiting genes that code for the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, the most important of which is the IL-2. Reduced cytokine production limits T cell proliferation. Glucocorticoids also suppress humoral immunity, causing B cells to express lower amounts of IL-2 and IL-2 receptors. This diminishes both B cell clonal expansion and antibody synthesis. The diminished amounts of IL-2 also leads to fewer T lymphocyte cells being activated.

Mechanism of action

Hydrocortisone binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. After binding the receptor the newly formed receptor-ligand complex translocates itself into the cell nucleus, where it binds to many glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing the increase in expression of specific target genes. The anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Specifically glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from coming into contact with its substrate arachidonic acid. This leads to diminished eicosanoid production. The cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. In other words, the two main products in inflammation Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes are inhibited by the action of Glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the leukocyte membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events: epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, tissue plasminogen activator, chemokines etc.) from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes. Additionally the immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding.

TargetActionsOrganism
AAnnexin A1Not AvailableHumans
AGlucocorticoid receptorNot AvailableHumans
UCorticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2Not AvailableHumans
U3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1Not AvailableHumans
Absorption

Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin increase percutaneous absorption.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

95%

Metabolism

Primarily hepatic via CYP3A4

Route of elimination

Corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.

Half-life

6-8 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Side effects include inhibition of bone formation, suppression of calcium absorption and delayed wound healing

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Hydrocortisone cypionate can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Hydrocortisone cypionate can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AcalabrutinibThe metabolism of Hydrocortisone cypionate can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
AcarboseThe risk or severity of hyperglycemia can be increased when Hydrocortisone cypionate is combined with Acarbose.
AceclofenacThe risk or severity of gastrointestinal irritation can be increased when Hydrocortisone cypionate is combined with Aceclofenac.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
HydrocortisoneprodrugWI4X0X7BPJ50-23-7JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
CortefSuspension10 mg/5mLOralPharmacia and Upjohn Company1955-05-102006-07-01US flag

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure based on a hydroxylated prostane moiety.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class
Steroids and steroid derivatives
Sub Class
Pregnane steroids
Direct Parent
Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
Alternative Parents
20-oxosteroids / 3-oxo delta-4-steroids / 17-hydroxysteroids / 11-beta-hydroxysteroids / Delta-4-steroids / Cyclohexenones / Alpha-acyloxy ketones / Tertiary alcohols / Alpha-hydroxy ketones / Secondary alcohols
show 5 more
Substituents
11-beta-hydroxysteroid / 11-hydroxysteroid / 17-hydroxysteroid / 20-oxosteroid / 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid / 3-oxosteroid / Alcohol / Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound / Alpha-acyloxy ketone / Alpha-hydroxy ketone
show 18 more
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
corticosteroid hormone (CHEBI:5783) / C21 steroids (gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogens) and derivatives (C08176) / C21 steroids (gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins) and derivatives (LMST02030121)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
4XDY25L70B
CAS number
508-99-6
InChI Key
DLVOSEUFIRPIRM-KAQKJVHQSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C29H42O6/c1-27-13-11-20(30)15-19(27)8-9-21-22-12-14-29(34,28(22,2)16-23(31)26(21)27)24(32)17-35-25(33)10-7-18-5-3-4-6-18/h15,18,21-23,26,31,34H,3-14,16-17H2,1-2H3/t21-,22-,23-,26+,27-,28-,29-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
2-[(1R,3aS,3bS,9aR,9bS,10S,11aS)-1,10-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1H,2H,3H,3aH,3bH,4H,5H,7H,8H,9H,9aH,9bH,10H,11H,11aH-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl 3-cyclopentylpropanoate
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC[C@](O)(C(=O)COC(=O)CCC3CCCC3)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C

References

General References
  1. de Weerth C, Zijl RH, Buitelaar JK: Development of cortisol circadian rhythm in infancy. Early Hum Dev. 2003 Aug;73(1-2):39-52. [Article]
  2. Palacios R, Sugawara I: Hydrocortisone abrogates proliferation of T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by rendering the interleukin-2 Producer T cells unresponsive to interleukin-1 and unable to synthesize the T-cell growth factor. Scand J Immunol. 1982 Jan;15(1):25-31. [Article]
  3. KNIGHT RP Jr, KORNFELD DS, GLASER GH, BONDY PK: Effects of intravenous hydrocortisone on electrolytes of serum and urine in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1955 Feb;15(2):176-81. [Article]
KEGG Drug
D00976
KEGG Compound
C08176
ChemSpider
193884
BindingDB
50371265
ChEBI
5783
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1549
ZINC
ZINC000004097470
Wikipedia
Hydrocortisone_cypionate

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SuspensionOral10 mg/5mL
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Not Available
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00326 mg/mLALOGPS
logP4.53ALOGPS
logP4.02Chemaxon
logS-5.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.61Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.8Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area100.9 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count7Chemaxon
Refractivity132.33 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability54.76 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings5Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0fri-0001900000-a567e25baa34058a8123
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-003r-0009100000-e5fd53adb883a01f0f09
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00n0-4612900000-4eca94605143e62d5d22
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-003r-0109100000-90ed99ad79559cb16b28
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-7309500000-270782a3a33bd524628f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-01t9-3914000000-4a4e9d0876b8cc9cba0f
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-232.0889517
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-221.54422
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+230.5200517
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+223.43964
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+230.4826517
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+229.21764
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
General Function
Structural molecule activity
Specific Function
Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity (PubMed:8425544). Play...
Gene Name
ANXA1
Uniprot ID
P04083
Uniprot Name
Annexin A1
Molecular Weight
38713.855 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Sato-Matsumura KC, Matsumura T, Nakamura H, Sawa H, Nagashima K, Koizumi H: Membrane expression of annexin I is enhanced by calcium and TPA in cultured human keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 2000 Oct;292(10):496-9. [Article]
  4. White MV, Igarashi Y, Lundgren JD, Shelhamer J, Kaliner M: Hydrocortisone inhibits rat basophilic leukemia cell mediator release induced by neutrophil-derived histamine releasing activity as well as by anti-IgE. J Immunol. 1991 Jul 15;147(2):667-73. [Article]
  5. Serres M, Viac J, Comera C, Schmitt D: Expression of annexin I in freshly isolated human epidermal cells and in cultured keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 1994;286(5):268-72. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modula...
Gene Name
NR3C1
Uniprot ID
P04150
Uniprot Name
Glucocorticoid receptor
Molecular Weight
85658.57 Da
References
  1. Grossman R, Yehuda R, Golier J, McEwen B, Harvey P, Maria NS: Cognitive effects of intravenous hydrocortisone in subjects with PTSD and healthy control subjects. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jul;1071:410-21. [Article]
  2. Rautanen A, Eriksson JG, Kere J, Andersson S, Osmond C, Tienari P, Sairanen H, Barker DJ, Phillips DI, Forsen T, Kajantie E: Associations of body size at birth with late-life cortisol concentrations and glucose tolerance are modified by haplotypes of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4544-51. Epub 2006 Aug 8. [Article]
  3. Hammer F, Stewart PM: Cortisol metabolism in hypertension. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;20(3):337-53. [Article]
  4. Shaw JR, Gabor K, Hand E, Lankowski A, Durant L, Thibodeau R, Stanton CR, Barnaby R, Coutermarsh B, Karlson KH, Sato JD, Hamilton JW, Stanton BA: Role of glucocorticoid receptor in acclimation of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to seawater and effects of arsenic. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Feb;292(2):R1052-60. Epub 2006 Oct 12. [Article]
  5. Sher L: Combined dexamethasone suppression-corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in studies of depression, alcoholism, and suicidal behavior. ScientificWorldJournal. 2006 Oct 31;6:1398-404. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Steroid binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Modulates intracellular glucocorticoid levels, thus protecting the nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation...
Gene Name
HSD11B2
Uniprot ID
P80365
Uniprot Name
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2
Molecular Weight
44126.06 Da
References
  1. Furstenberger C, Vuorinen A, Da Cunha T, Kratschmar DV, Saugy M, Schuster D, Odermatt A: The anabolic androgenic steroid fluoxymesterone inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2-dependent glucocorticoid inactivation. Toxicol Sci. 2012 Apr;126(2):353-61. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs022. Epub 2012 Jan 23. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Steroid delta-isomerase activity
Specific Function
3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system pl...
Gene Name
HSD3B1
Uniprot ID
P14060
Uniprot Name
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1
Molecular Weight
42251.25 Da
References
  1. Bhatia C, Oerum S, Bray J, Kavanagh KL, Shafqat N, Yue W, Oppermann U: Towards a systematic analysis of human short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR): Ligand identification and structure-activity relationships. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Jun 5;234:114-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.013. Epub 2014 Dec 16. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Ekins S, Bravi G, Wikel JH, Wrighton SA: Three-dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship analysis of cytochrome P-450 3A4 substrates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Oct;291(1):424-33. [Article]
  2. El-Sankary W, Plant NJ, Gibson GG, Moore DJ: Regulation of the CYP3A4 gene by hydrocortisone and xenobiotics: role of the glucocorticoid and pregnane X receptors. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 May;28(5):493-6. [Article]
  3. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID
P20815
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight
57108.065 Da
References
  1. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID
P24462
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A7
Molecular Weight
57525.03 Da
References
  1. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inducer
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID
P10632
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight
55824.275 Da
References
  1. Bauersachs J, Christ M, Ertl G, Michaelis UR, Fisslthaler B, Busse R, Fleming I: Cytochrome P450 2C expression and EDHF-mediated relaxation in porcine coronary arteries is increased by cortisol. Cardiovasc Res. 2002 Jun;54(3):669-75. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Androgen binding
Specific Function
Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone...
Gene Name
SHBG
Uniprot ID
P04278
Uniprot Name
Sex hormone-binding globulin
Molecular Weight
43778.755 Da
References
  1. Khoromi S, Muniyappa R, Nackers L, Gray N, Baldwin H, Wong KA, Matheny LA, Moquin B, Rainer A, Hill S, Remaley A, Johnson LL, Max MB, Blackman MR: Effects of chronic osteoarthritis pain on neuroendocrine function in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4313-8. Epub 2006 Aug 15. [Article]
  2. Stroud LR, Solomon C, Shenassa E, Papandonatos G, Niaura R, Lipsitt LP, Lewinn K, Buka SL: Long-term stability of maternal prenatal steroid hormones from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project: still valid after all these years. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007 Feb;32(2):140-50. Epub 2007 Jan 31. [Article]
  3. Lombardi G, Mondaini N, Macchiarella A, Del Popolo G: Female sexual dysfunction and hormonal status in spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. J Androl. 2007 Sep-Oct;28(5):722-6. Epub 2007 May 9. [Article]
  4. Shifren JL, Desindes S, McIlwain M, Doros G, Mazer NA: A randomized, open-label, crossover study comparing the effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen therapy on serum androgens, thyroid hormones, and adrenal hormones in naturally menopausal women. Menopause. 2007 Nov-Dec;14(6):985-94. [Article]
  5. Rizzo L, Dobrovsky V, Danilowicz K, Kral M, Cross G, Serra HA, Bruno OD: Low-dose glucocorticoids in hyperandrogenism. Medicina (B Aires). 2007;67(3):247-52. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Steroid binding
Specific Function
Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species.
Gene Name
SERPINA6
Uniprot ID
P08185
Uniprot Name
Corticosteroid-binding globulin
Molecular Weight
45140.49 Da
References
  1. Henley DE, Lightman SL: New insights into corticosteroid-binding globulin and glucocorticoid delivery. Neuroscience. 2011 Apr 28;180:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.053. Epub 2011 Mar 1. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Schwab D, Fischer H, Tabatabaei A, Poli S, Huwyler J: Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2003 Apr 24;46(9):1716-25. [Article]
  2. Kim RB, Wandel C, Leake B, Cvetkovic M, Fromm MF, Dempsey PJ, Roden MM, Belas F, Chaudhary AK, Roden DM, Wood AJ, Wilkinson GR: Interrelationship between substrates and inhibitors of human CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 1999 Mar;16(3):408-14. [Article]
  3. Yates CR, Chang C, Kearbey JD, Yasuda K, Schuetz EG, Miller DD, Dalton JT, Swaan PW: Structural determinants of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of glucocorticoids. Pharm Res. 2003 Nov;20(11):1794-803. [Article]
  4. Ueda K, Okamura N, Hirai M, Tanigawara Y, Saeki T, Kioka N, Komano T, Hori R: Human P-glycoprotein transports cortisol, aldosterone, and dexamethasone, but not progesterone. J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 5;267(34):24248-52. [Article]
  5. Orlowski S, Mir LM, Belehradek J Jr, Garrigos M: Effects of steroids and verapamil on P-glycoprotein ATPase activity: progesterone, desoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and verapamil are mutually non-exclusive modulators. Biochem J. 1996 Jul 15;317 ( Pt 2):515-22. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and conjugated (taurocholate) and unconjugated (cholate) bile acids (By similarity). Selectively inhibit...
Gene Name
SLCO1A2
Uniprot ID
P46721
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
Molecular Weight
74144.105 Da
References
  1. Kanai N, Lu R, Bao Y, Wolkoff AW, Schuster VL: Transient expression of oatp organic anion transporter in mammalian cells: identification of candidate substrates. Am J Physiol. 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 2):F319-25. [Article]
  2. Bossuyt X, Muller M, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ: Polyspecific drug and steroid clearance by an organic anion transporter of mammalian liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):891-6. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight
72313.47 Da
References
  1. Imai Y, Asada S, Tsukahara S, Ishikawa E, Tsuruo T, Sugimoto Y: Breast cancer resistance protein exports sulfated estrogens but not free estrogens. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;64(3):610-8. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Curator comments
Cortisol demonstrated substrate activity in vitro using human OAT3 expressed on Xenopus Laevis.
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. VanWert AL, Gionfriddo MR, Sweet DH: Organic anion transporters: discovery, pharmacology, regulation and roles in pathophysiology. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 Jan;31(1):1-71. doi: 10.1002/bdd.693. [Article]

Drug created at July 12, 2018 21:10 / Updated at June 12, 2020 16:53