Pseudoephedrine

Identification

Summary

Pseudoephedrine is an alpha and beta adrenergic agonist used to treat nasal and sinus congestion, as well as allergic rhinitis.

Brand Names
Advil Cold and Sinus, Alavert D, Aleve-D, Allegra-D, Aller-tec D, Allerclear, Bromfed DM, Cheratussin Dac, Clarinex-D, Claritin-D, Codar D, Covan, Entex T, Lodrane D, Mar-cof BP, Mucinex D, Nexafed, Pseudodine C, Rescon Tablets, Semprex-D, Stahist Ad Liquid, Sudafed, Sudafed Sinus & Pain, Sudogest, Triacin-C, Tusnel C, Wal Zyr D, Wal-itin D, Wal-phed, Zephrex-D, Zyrtec-D
Generic Name
Pseudoephedrine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00852
Background

Pseudoephedrine is structurally related to ephedrine but exerts a weaker effect on the sympathetic nervous system.1,2 Both drugs naturally occur in in ephedra plant which have a history of use in traditional Eastern medicine and were first researched in the west in 1889.2 The decongestant effect of pseudoephedrine was described in dogs in 1927.2

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 165.2322
Monoisotopic: 165.115364107
Chemical Formula
C10H15NO
Synonyms
  • (+) threo-2-(methylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol
  • (+)-(1S,2S)-Pseudoephedrine
  • (+)-Pseudoephedrine
  • (+)-psi-Ephedrine
  • (+)-threo-Ephedrine
  • d-Isoephedrine
  • d-Pseudoephedrine
  • d-psi-2-Methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol
  • d-psi-Ephedrine
  • Isoephedrine
  • L-(+)-Pseudoephedrine
  • L(+)-psi-Ephedrine
  • Pseudoefedrina
  • pseudoéphédrine
  • Pseudoephedrine
  • Pseudoephedrine D-form
  • Pseudoephedrinum
  • Psi-ephedrin
  • Psi-ephedrine
  • trans-Ephedrine
  • ψ-ephedrine

Pharmacology

Indication

Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine used for its decongestant activity.12,13,14,15,16,17,18

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination for symptomatic treatment ofAllergic rhinitis (ar)Combination Product in combination with: Loratadine (DB00455)•••••••••••••••••
Used in combination for symptomatic treatment ofAllergic rhinitis (ar)Combination Product in combination with: Triprolidine (DB00427), Guaifenesin (DB00874)•••••••••••••••••••• • •••••• •••••• ••••••
Used in combination to treatAllergic rhinitis (ar)Combination Product in combination with: Chlorpheniramine (DB01114)••• ••••••••
Used in combination to treatAllergiesCombination Product in combination with: Loratadine (DB00455)•••••••••••••••••••• •••••••• •••••••
Used in combination for symptomatic treatment ofCommon coldCombination Product in combination with: Ibuprofen (DB01050), Ascorbic acid (DB00126)••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• •••• ••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Pseudoephedrine causes vasoconstriction which leads to a decongestant effect.2,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 It has a short duration of action unless formulated as an extended release product.12,13,14,15,16,17,18 Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of central nervous system stimulation.12,14,17,18

Mechanism of action

Pseudoephedrine acts mainly as an agonist of alpha adrenergic receptors6 and less strongly as an agonist of beta adrenergic receptors.11 This agonism of adrenergic receptors produces vasoconstriction which is used as a decongestant2,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 and as a treatment of priapism.7 Pseudoephedrine is also an inhibitor of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin transporters.8,9

The sympathomimetic effects of pseudoephedrine include an increase in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and chronotropic response of the right atria.5 Pseudoephedrine is also a partial agonist of the anococcygeal muscle.5 Pseudoephedrine also inhibits NF-kappa-B, NFAT, and AP-1.10

TargetActionsOrganism
ASodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
inhibitor
Humans
ASodium-dependent dopamine transporter
inhibitor
Humans
AAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor
agonist
Humans
AAlpha-2A adrenergic receptor
agonist
Humans
ASodium-dependent serotonin transporter
inhibitor
Humans
UBeta-2 adrenergic receptor
partial agonist
Humans
UBeta-1 adrenergic receptor
agonist
partial agonist
Humans
UNuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1
inhibitor
Humans
UTumor necrosis factor
inhibitor
Humans
UNuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
inhibitor
Humans
Uactivator protein 1
inhibitor
Humans
UInterleukin-2
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

A 240mg oral dose of pseudoephedrine reaches a Cmax of 246.3±10.5ng/mL fed and 272.5±13.4ng/mL fasted, with a Tmax of 6.60±1.38h fed and 11.87±0.72h fasted, with an AUC of 6862.0±334.1ng*h/mL fed and 7535.1±333.0ng*h/mL fasted.4

Volume of distribution

The apparent volume of distribution of pseudoephedrin is 2.6-3.3L/kg.12

Protein binding

-pseudoephedrine is 6.6±0.4% bound to human serum albumin and 22.5±3.2% protein bound in serum.3 +pseudoephedrine is 6.7±1.2% protein bound to human serum albumin and 25.4±3.9% protein bound in human serum.3

Metabolism

Pseudoephedrine is <1% N-demethylated to an inactive metabolite.17,18 The majority of pseudoephedrine is eliminated unmetabolized in the urine.17,18

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

55-75% of an oral dose is detected in the urine as unchanged pseudoephedrine.14

Half-life

The mean elimination half life of pseudoephedrine is 6.0h.12

Clearance

A 60mg oral dose of pseudoephedrine has a clearance of 5.9±1.7mL/min/kg.14

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The oral LD50 of pseudoephedrine is 2206mg/kg in rats and 726mg/kg in mice.14

Patients experiencing an overdose of pseudoephedrine may present with giddiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, thirst, tachycardia, precordial pain, palpitations, difficulty urinating, muscle weakness, muscle tension, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, toxic psychosis, cardiac arrhythmias, circulatory collapse, convulsions, coma, and respiratory failure.17,18 Treat overdose with symptomatic and supportive treatment including removal of unabsorbed drug.17,18

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AcarboseThe therapeutic efficacy of Acarbose can be decreased when used in combination with Pseudoephedrine.
AcebutololThe therapeutic efficacy of Acebutolol can be decreased when used in combination with Pseudoephedrine.
AceclofenacThe risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Pseudoephedrine is combined with Aceclofenac.
AcemetacinThe risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Pseudoephedrine is combined with Acemetacin.
AcetazolamideAcetazolamide may decrease the excretion rate of Pseudoephedrine which could result in a higher serum level.
Food Interactions
  • Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride6V9V2RYJ8N345-78-8BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N
Pseudoephedrine sulfateY9DL7QPE6B7460-12-0CAVQBDOACNULDN-NRCOEFLKSA-N
Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
EphedrineunknownGN83C131XS299-42-3KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Acunaso / Afrinol / Benylin Decongestant / Cenafed / Decofed / Dimetapp Decongestant / Eltor 120 / Genaphed / Maxenal / Myfedrine / Neodurasina / Novafed / Robidrine / Sudafed Decongestant
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
SudoGestTablet, film coated60 mg/1Oralbryant ranch prepack1994-10-01Not applicableUS flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
12 Hour DecongestantTablet, film coated, extended release120 mg/1OralL. Perrigo Company2011-10-04Not applicableUS flag
12 Hour DecongestantTablet, film coated, extended release120 mg/1OralMeijer Distribution Inc1999-11-05Not applicableUS flag
12 Hour DecongestantTablet, film coated, extended release120 mg/1OralKroger Company1999-12-142023-01-31US flag
12 Hour Nasal DecongestantTablet, film coated, extended release120 mg/1OralCVS PHARMACY1999-12-01Not applicableUS flag
12 Hour Nasal Decongestant Non DrowsyTablet, film coated, extended release120 mg/1OralSafeway2000-05-252017-08-25US flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
12 Hour Allergy and CongestionPseudoephedrine sulfate (120 mg/1) + Loratadine (5 mg/1)Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOralWalgreen Company2018-05-05Not applicableUS flag
12 Hour Allergy DPseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Cetirizine hydrochloride (5 mg/1)Tablet, extended releaseOralMeijer Distribution Inc1988-07-15Not applicableUS flag
12 Hour Allergy DPseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Cetirizine hydrochloride (5 mg/1)Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOralMeijer Distribution Inc2020-04-07Not applicableUS flag
12HR Allergy and Congestion ReliefPseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Fexofenadine hydrochloride (60 mg/1)Tablet, extended releaseOralCardinal Health2019-10-08Not applicableUS flag
12hr Allergy and Congestion ReliefPseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Fexofenadine hydrochloride (60 mg/1)Tablet, extended releaseOralLEADER/ Cardinal Health 110, Inc.2022-03-31Not applicableUS flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AlleRx Dose PackPseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (8 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (10 mg/1)KitOralCornerstone Therapeutics Inc.2008-02-012012-10-31US flag
AlleRx-DPseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1)TabletOralCornerstone Therapeutics Inc.2008-07-012012-11-30US flag
Atuss DS Tannate SuspensionPseudoephedrine hydrochloride (30 mg/5mL) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (4 mg/5mL) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate (30 mg/5mL)SuspensionOralAtley Pharmaceuticals2006-11-21Not applicableUS flag
Atuss HS TannatePseudoephedrine hydrochloride (30 mg/5mL) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (4 mg/5mL) + Hydrocodone bitartrate (5 mg/5mL)SuspensionOralAtley Pharmaceuticals2006-11-212009-08-03US flag
Bromdex DPseudoephedrine hydrochloride (50 mg/5mL) + Brompheniramine maleate (3 mg/5mL) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate (30 mg/5mL)SyrupOralBreckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc.2009-07-212011-05-31US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
R01BA52 — Pseudoephedrine, combinationsR01BA02 — Pseudoephedrine
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Phenylpropanes
Direct Parent
Phenylpropanes
Alternative Parents
Aralkylamines / Secondary alcohols / 1,2-aminoalcohols / Dialkylamines / Organopnictogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Aromatic alcohols
Substituents
1,2-aminoalcohol / Alcohol / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic alcohol / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxygen compound / Organonitrogen compound
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
secondary alcohol, secondary amine (CHEBI:51209) / Phenylalanine derived alkaloids (C02765)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
7CUC9DDI9F
CAS number
90-82-4
InChI Key
KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WCBMZHEXSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C10H15NO/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3/t8-,10+/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(1S,2S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol
SMILES
CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1

References

Synthesis Reference

Andrew G. Myers, "Synthesis of l-azatyrosine using pseudoephedrine as a chiral auxiliary." U.S. Patent US5760237, issued June, 1991.

US5760237
General References
  1. AVIADO DM Jr, WNUCK AL, DE BEER EJ: Cardiovascular effects of sympathomimetic bronchodilators; epinephrine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, isoproterenol, methoxyphenamine and isoprophenamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1958 Mar;122(3):406-17. [Article]
  2. Chen K, Schmidt C: Ephedrine and Related Substances Medicine. 1930 Feb;9(1):1-117. [Article]
  3. Volpp M, Holzgrabe U: Determination of plasma protein binding for sympathomimetic drugs by means of ultrafiltration. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2019 Jan 15;127:175-184. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.027. Epub 2018 Oct 31. [Article]
  4. Chao ST, Prather D, Pinson D, Coen P, Pruitt B, Knowles M, Place V: Effect of food on bioavailability of pseudoephedrine and brompheniramine administered from a gastrointestinal therapeutic system. J Pharm Sci. 1991 May;80(5):432-5. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600800507. [Article]
  5. Kobayashi S, Endou M, Sakuraya F, Matsuda N, Zhang XH, Azuma M, Echigo N, Kemmotsu O, Hattori Y, Gando S: The sympathomimetic actions of l-ephedrine and d-pseudoephedrine: direct receptor activation or norepinephrine release? Anesth Analg. 2003 Nov;97(5):1239-45. [Article]
  6. Johnson DA, Hricik JG: The pharmacology of alpha-adrenergic decongestants. Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Nov-Dec;13(6 Pt 2):110S-115S; discussion 143S-146S. [Article]
  7. Thippaiah SM, Nagaraja S, Birur B, Pandurangi A: Successful Management of Psychotropics Induced Stuttering Priapism with Pseudoephedrine in a Patient with Schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2018 Feb 5;48(2):29-33. [Article]
  8. Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
  9. Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
  10. Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
  11. Vansal SS, Feller DR: Direct effects of ephedrine isomers on human beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 1;58(5):807-10. [Article]
  12. FDA Approved Drug Products: Zyrtec Cetirizine and Pseudoephedrine Oral Tablets (OTC) [Link]
  13. FDA Approved Drug Products: Motrin Cold and Sinus Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Oral Caplets (OTC) [Link]
  14. FDA Approved Drug Products: Semprex Avacristine and Pseudoephedrine Oral Capsules [Link]
  15. FDA Approved Drug Products: Mucinex Guaifenesin and Pseudoephedrine Oral Extended Release Tablets (OTC) [Link]
  16. FDA Approved Drug Products: Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Oral Extended Release Tablets (OTC) [Link]
  17. FDA Approved Drug Products: Clarinex 12 Hour Desloratadine and Pseudoephedrine Oral Tablets [Link]
  18. FDA Approved Drug Products: Clarinex 24 Hour Desloratadine and Pseudoephedrine Oral Tablets [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0001943
KEGG Drug
D08449
KEGG Compound
C02765
PubChem Compound
7028
PubChem Substance
46508190
ChemSpider
6761
RxNav
8896
ChEBI
51209
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1590
ZINC
ZINC000000020259
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000195
PharmGKB
PA451170
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Pseudoephedrine
MSDS
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Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedPreventionAcute Upper Respiratory Track Infection1
4CompletedPreventionEar Barotrauma1
4CompletedTreatmentAcute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) / Acute rhino-sinusitis1
4CompletedTreatmentAcute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) / Bronchitis / Rhino Sinusitis1
4CompletedTreatmentAllergic Rhinitis (AR)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Ucb inc
  • Schering plough healthcare products inc
Packagers
  • Actavis Group
  • AG Marin Pharmaceuticals
  • Alaven Pharmaceutical
  • Allaire Pharmaceuticals
  • Allegis Pharmaceuticals
  • Alphagen Laboratories Inc.
  • Ambi Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Amend
  • Anip Acquisition Co.
  • Apotheca Inc.
  • Aristos Pharmaceuticals
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Athlon Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Atlantic Biologicals Corporation
  • Atley Pharmaceuticals
  • Auriga Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Ballay Pharmaceuticals
  • Banner Pharmacaps Inc.
  • Bayer Healthcare
  • Bergen Brunswig
  • Bio Pharm Inc.
  • Blansett Pharmacal Co. Inc.
  • Boca Pharmacal
  • Bradley Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
  • Bryant Ranch Prepack
  • BTA Pharmaceuticals
  • Burel Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • C.O. Truxton Inc.
  • Capellon Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Cardinal Health
  • Caremark LLC
  • Carwin Associates Inc.
  • Centrix Pharmaceuticals
  • Centurion Labs
  • Century Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Contract Pharm
  • Cornerstone Pharmacy
  • CVS Pharmacy
  • Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
  • Dartmouth Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Dayton Pharmaceuticals
  • Deliz Pharmaceutical Corp.
  • Deltex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Denison Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • DHHS Program Support Center Supply Service Center
  • Direct Dispensing Inc.
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • DSC Laboratories
  • DSM Corp.
  • Dunhall Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Duramed
  • Econolab Inc.
  • ECR Pharmaceuticals
  • Elite Laboratories Inc.
  • Emrex Economed Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Eon Labs
  • Ethex Corp.
  • Everett Laboratories Inc.
  • Gil Pharmaceutical Corp.
  • Gm Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Great Southern Laboratories
  • H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
  • Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals
  • Health Care Products
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc.
  • Huckaby Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • International Ethical Labs Inc.
  • Iopharm Laboratories Inc.
  • Irisys Inc.
  • Ivax Pharmaceuticals
  • Jaymac Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Kaiser Foundation Hospital
  • Kowa Pharmaceuticals America Inc.
  • Kroger Co.
  • KV Pharmaceutical Co.
  • Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
  • Lark Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Larken Laboratories Inc.
  • Laser Pharmaceuticals
  • Liberty Pharmaceuticals
  • Llorens Pharmaceutical
  • Macoven Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Marnel Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Mckesson Corp.
  • McNeil Laboratories
  • MCR American Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Med Tek Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Meda AB
  • Medicine Shop
  • Merrell Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Midland Pharmaceutical LLC
  • Midlothian Labs
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Neilgen Pharma Inc.
  • Nexgen Pharma Inc.
  • Norega Laboratories Inc.
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Numark Laboratories Inc.
  • Pa Benjamin Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
  • Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pamlab LLC
  • Patheon Inc.
  • PCA LLC
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pell Tech Health Care Private Limited
  • Perrigo Co.
  • Pfizer Inc.
  • Pharma Medica Research Inc.
  • Pharmaceutical Generic Developers Inc.
  • Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
  • Pharmedix
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Poly Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Prasco Labs
  • Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Prepackage Specialists
  • Propharma Inc.
  • Provident Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Qualitest
  • Reckitt Benckiser Inc.
  • Redpharm Drug
  • Remedy Repack
  • Respa Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Rij Pharmaceutical Corp.
  • River's Edge Pharmaceuticals
  • Roxane Labs
  • Rx Formulations Corp.
  • S&P Healthcare
  • Sage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
  • Schering Corp.
  • Schering-Plough Inc.
  • Schwarz Pharma Inc.
  • Sciele Pharma Inc.
  • Scientific Laboratories Inc.
  • SDA Laboratories Inc.
  • Seatrace Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Seneca Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Seyer Pharmatec Inc.
  • Silarx Pharmaceuticals
  • SJ Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • Sovereign Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
  • Stat Rx Usa
  • Stewart Jackson Pharmacal Inc.
  • Taro Pharmaceuticals USA
  • Teamm Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
  • TG United Inc.
  • Tiber Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Time-Cap Labs
  • Tri Med Laboratories Inc.
  • Trigen Laboratories Inc.
  • Tya Pharmaceuticals
  • UCB Pharma
  • United Research Laboratories Inc.
  • UPM Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • US Pharmaceutical Group
  • Varsity Laboratories
  • Verum Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Vision Pharma LLC
  • Walgreen Co.
  • Warner Lambert Company LLC
  • Watson Pharmaceuticals
  • Winthrop Us
  • Wockhardt Ltd.
  • Wyeth Pharmaceuticals
  • Zyber Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
ElixirOral10 mg/5ml
SyrupOral100 mg/5ml
Kit; tabletOral
Tablet, delayed releaseOral
Solution / drops; suspension / drops
Capsule, liquid filledOral
Tablet, extended releaseOral
Tablet, film coatedOral
Granule, for suspensionOral30 MG
Granule, for suspensionOral
SuspensionOral
SyrupOral10 mg/5ml
TabletOral4 mg
SyrupOral7.5 mg / 0.8 mL
LiquidOral
SolutionNasal; Oral
SyrupOral1 mg/5ml
SolutionOral15 mg/5mL
Solution / dropsOral
TabletNasal
Suspension
SyrupOral5 mg/5ml
Capsule; kitOral
Tablet, film coated
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral10.50 mg
TabletOral30 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral120 mg / cap
Capsule, extended releaseOral120 mg / src
Solution / dropsNasal
PillOral30 mg/1
Kit; powder, for solutionOral
TabletOral60 mg
SyrupOral150 ml
CapsuleNasal
Tablet; tablet, extended releaseOral
ElixirOral15 mg/15ml
SyrupOral30 mg/5ml
Tablet, extended releaseOral120 mg / tab
LiquidOral60 mg/60mL
Kit; powderOral
CapsuleOral4 mg
Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral
Granule, for solutionOral
GranuleOral
PowderOral
Tablet
Tablet, coatedOral
Tablet, sugar coatedOral
Tablet, effervescentOral
TabletOral120 mg / tab
Capsule, extended releaseOral240 mg / cap
SolutionOral
Capsule, extended releaseOral
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral30 mg/1
Tablet, extended releaseOral120 mg/1
Tablet, sugar coatedOral30 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral200 mg
Tablet, coatedOral30 MG
Capsule, extended releaseOral
TabletOral
TabletOral15 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral2 mg
SyrupOral30 mg/5ml
Tablet, extended releaseOral120 mg / srt
TabletOral2 mg
Tablet, coatedOral30 mg/1
SyrupOral
TabletOral120 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral120 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral120 mg/1
Tablet, extended releaseOral120 mg
TabletOral60 mg / tab
ElixirOral
TabletOral
Capsule, extended release
SyrupOral100 ml
Capsule, coated pelletsNasal120 mg
LiquidOral30 mg/5mL
CapsuleOral
SyrupOral2 mg/5ml
Tablet, extended releaseOral240 mg/1
TabletOral15 mg
SyrupOral30 mg / 5 mL
TabletOral30 mg / tab
SyrupOral600 MG
Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral240 mg/1
Tablet, chewableOral
LiquidOral15 mg/5mL
TabletOral30 mg/1
TabletOral60 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral60 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral30 mg/1
Tablet, multilayerOral
Powder, for solutionOral
LiquidOral30 mg / 10 mL
LiquidOral7.5 mg / .8 mL
KitOral
Kit; tablet, film coatedOral
Capsule, coatedOral
Tablet, multilayer, extended releaseOral
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Sudafed 24 hour tablet0.84USD tablet
Pseudoephedrine hcl crystal0.67USD g
Afrin 0.05% nose spray0.62USD ml
Sudafed 12 hr sinus-pain caplet0.53USD caplet
Drixoral cold & allergy tablet sa0.4USD tablet
Sudafed om sinus nasal spray0.4USD ml
Afrin no drip sinus pump mist0.38USD ml
Sudafed pe cold & cough caplet0.34USD caplet
Afrin sinus spray0.33USD ml
Chlor-trimeton allergy0.31USD each
Sudafed pe severe cold caplet0.28USD caplet
Guaifenesin-phenylephrine tablet0.27USD tablet
Dimetapp cold-allergy tablet chew0.25USD tablet
Sudafed pe 10 mg tablet0.25USD tablet
Chlor-trimeton 8 mg repetab0.24USD tablet
Sudafed pe day & night tablet0.24USD tablet
Sudafed triple action caplet0.23USD caplet
Sudafed pe nighttime cold caplet0.22USD caplet
Sudafed non-drying sinus caplet0.2USD caplet
Sudafed pe sinus & allergy tablet0.2USD tablet
Sudafed pe sinus headache caplet0.2USD caplet
Sudafed 30 mg tablet0.19USD tablet
Wal-phed 30 mg tablet0.17USD tablet
Suphedrin 30 mg tablet0.15USD tablet
CVS Pharmacy decongestant 30 mg tablet0.12USD tablet
Sudogest 60 mg tablet0.12USD tablet
Medi-phedrine 30 mg tablet0.1USD tablet
Nasal decongestant 30 mg tablet0.1USD tablet
Genaphed plus tablet0.09USD tablet
CVS Pharmacy nasal decongest 30 mg tablet0.07USD tablet
Genaphed 30 mg tablet0.07USD tablet
Pseudoephedrine gg syrup0.07USD ml
Pseudoephedrine 60 mg tablet0.06USD tablet
Children's sudafed pe liquid0.05USD ml
Pseudoephedrine 30 mg tablet0.05USD tablet
Dimetapp cold & cough liquid0.04USD ml
Dimetapp dm cold & cough elix0.04USD ml
Dimetapp long-acting cough liquid0.04USD ml
Suphedrine 30 mg tablet0.04USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US6037353Yes2000-03-142017-09-14US flag
US6039974No2000-03-212018-07-31US flag
US6211246No2001-04-032019-06-10US flag
US6469009No2002-10-222019-07-13US flag
US7226614No2007-06-052022-06-10US flag
US6489329No2002-12-032016-04-08US flag
US7014867No2006-03-212022-06-10US flag
US6100274Yes2000-08-082020-01-07US flag
US6372252No2002-04-162020-04-28US flag
US6955821No2005-10-182020-04-28US flag
US7838032No2010-11-232020-04-28US flag
US7618649Yes2009-11-172021-06-19US flag
US6709676No2004-03-232021-02-18US flag
US8187630No2012-05-292020-12-19US flag
US7863287No2011-01-042027-02-28US flag
US6979463No2005-12-272022-03-28US flag
US7820199Yes2010-10-262022-09-28US flag
US6613357No2003-09-022020-12-25US flag
USRE39069No2006-04-182018-05-29US flag
US6113942Yes2000-09-052015-08-28US flag
US5855912Yes1999-01-052015-08-28US flag
US10238640No2019-03-262024-05-25US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)119 °CPhysProp
logP0.89KRIL,MB & FUNG,HL (1990)
pKa10.3 (at 0 °C)PERRIN,DD (1965)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility8.26 mg/mLALOGPS
logP1ALOGPS
logP1.32Chemaxon
logS-1.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.89Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.52Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area32.26 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity49.69 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability18.83 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings1Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9645
Blood Brain Barrier+0.5638
Caco-2 permeable+0.8866
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.7182
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9795
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.984
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8965
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8001
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.7839
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.7235
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.5595
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7209
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorInhibitor0.5846
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.5737
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9431
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.907
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9517
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7739
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.7807
Rat acute toxicity2.3882 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9329
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.9277
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Download (8.24 KB)
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0a4i-9200000000-0c3fe6959703a851b9cc
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-8f0484f72b48017f1f2e
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)LC-MS/MSsplash10-016s-3900000000-868bf4bba93d8b4be696
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)LC-MS/MSsplash10-0159-2900000000-6c55fc67b7576cb42a8a
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9700000000-459686cbaf7d3b59c202
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00kb-0900000000-4a2a7c918368930693fa
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-56b8f9c6cad6a483eb62
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014l-6900000000-125aac34eca51135b9d1
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0aor-5900000000-e23ee25dd8123c9b13ad
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9200000000-a1773c8925eed519e99d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a6u-9300000000-01a6c30b0567e12cc866
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum2D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-140.3864286
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-142.3321286
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-142.2651286
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-140.67659
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+140.9804286
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+142.6129286
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+142.3604286
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+143.07216
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+140.5780286
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+142.2863286
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+142.2216286
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+148.98468
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name
SLC6A2
Uniprot ID
P23975
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
Molecular Weight
69331.42 Da
References
  1. Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
  2. Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name
SLC6A3
Uniprot ID
Q01959
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
Molecular Weight
68494.255 Da
References
  1. Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
  2. Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
Gene Name
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID
P35348
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
51486.005 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Wellington K, Jarvis B: Cetirizine/pseudoephedrine. Drugs. 2001;61(15):2231-40; discussion 2241-2. [Article]
  4. Johnson DA, Hricik JG: The pharmacology of alpha-adrenergic decongestants. Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Nov-Dec;13(6 Pt 2):110S-115S; discussion 143S-146S. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Thioesterase binding
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazo...
Gene Name
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID
P08913
Uniprot Name
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
48956.275 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Johnson DA, Hricik JG: The pharmacology of alpha-adrenergic decongestants. Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Nov-Dec;13(6 Pt 2):110S-115S; discussion 143S-146S. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function
Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into t...
Gene Name
SLC6A4
Uniprot ID
P31645
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
Molecular Weight
70324.165 Da
References
  1. Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Partial agonist
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately ...
Gene Name
ADRB2
Uniprot ID
P07550
Uniprot Name
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
46458.32 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Vansal SS, Feller DR: Direct effects of ephedrine isomers on human beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 1;58(5):807-10. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
Partial agonist
General Function
Receptor signaling protein activity
Specific Function
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately e...
Gene Name
ADRB1
Uniprot ID
P08588
Uniprot Name
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
51322.1 Da
References
  1. Vansal SS, Feller DR: Direct effects of ephedrine isomers on human beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 1;58(5):807-10. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Transcriptional activator activity, rna polymerase ii distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
Specific Function
Plays a role in the inducible expression of cytokine genes in T-cells, especially in the induction of the IL-2 or IL-4 gene transcription. Also controls gene expression in embryonic cardiac cells. ...
Gene Name
NFATC1
Uniprot ID
O95644
Uniprot Name
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1
Molecular Weight
101241.73 Da
References
  1. Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
Specific Function
Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct ac...
Gene Name
TNF
Uniprot ID
P01375
Uniprot Name
Tumor necrosis factor
Molecular Weight
25644.15 Da
References
  1. Wu Z, Kong X, Zhang T, Ye J, Fang Z, Yang X: Pseudoephedrine/ephedrine shows potent anti-inflammatory activity against TNF-alpha-mediated acute liver failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Feb 5;724:112-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.032. Epub 2013 Dec 21. [Article]
  2. Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Transcriptional repressor activity, rna polymerase ii transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding
Specific Function
NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related...
Gene Name
NFKB1
Uniprot ID
P19838
Uniprot Name
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
Molecular Weight
105355.175 Da
References
  1. Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
This protein binds the cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Binds to the Tax-responsive element (TRE) of HTLV-I. Mediates PKA-induced stimulation of CRE-reporter genes. Represses the expression of FTH1 and other antioxidant detoxification genes. Triggers cell proliferation and transformation.
Specific Function
Dna binding transcription factor activity

Components:
References
  1. Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Kinase activator activity
Specific Function
Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimu...
Gene Name
IL2
Uniprot ID
P60568
Uniprot Name
Interleukin-2
Molecular Weight
17627.52 Da
References
  1. Fiebich BL, Collado JA, Stratz C, Valina C, Hochholzer W, Munoz E, Bellido LM: Pseudoephedrine inhibits T-cell activation by targeting NF-kappaB, NFAT and AP-1 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Feb;34(1):98-106. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2011.582118. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Serotonin binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral...
Gene Name
MAOA
Uniprot ID
P21397
Uniprot Name
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
Molecular Weight
59681.27 Da
References
  1. Ulus IH, Maher TJ, Wurtman RJ: Characterization of phentermine and related compounds as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000 Jun 15;59(12):1611-21. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Volpp M, Holzgrabe U: Determination of plasma protein binding for sympathomimetic drugs by means of ultrafiltration. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2019 Jan 15;127:175-184. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.027. Epub 2018 Oct 31. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name
SLC6A2
Uniprot ID
P23975
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
Molecular Weight
69331.42 Da
References
  1. Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
  2. Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name
SLC6A3
Uniprot ID
Q01959
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
Molecular Weight
68494.255 Da
References
  1. Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
  2. Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function
Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into t...
Gene Name
SLC6A4
Uniprot ID
P31645
Uniprot Name
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
Molecular Weight
70324.165 Da
References
  1. Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL: Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine isomers and the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jun 16;493(1-3):117-25. [Article]
  2. Foley KF, Van Dort ME, Sievert MK, Ruoho AE, Cozzi NV: Stereospecific inhibition of monoamine uptake transporters by meta-hydroxyephedrine isomers. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2002 Oct;109(10):1229-40. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48