Hydromorphone

Identification

Summary

Hydromorphone is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain when the use of an opioid is indicated.

Brand Names
Dilaudid, Exalgo, Hydromorph Contin, Hydromorphone Hp Forte
Generic Name
Hydromorphone
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00327
Background

Hydromorphone is a pure opioid,1 a semi-synthetic hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine that has been available clinically since 1920. Structurally, hydromorphone derived from morphine in the modification of the hydroxyl group in the carbon 6 to a carbonyl and the absence of a double bond between the carbon 7 and 8. Due to these modifications, it presents a very high potency and comparable side effect profile to the parent compound.2 Even though hydromorphone does not present a 6-hydroxyl group, it is categorized under the family of phenanthrenes and it is considered a chemical under the schedule II (medical purposes with high addiction potential).3

The first reported approved product containing hydromorphone in the form of hydromorphone hydrochloride was developed by Fresenius Kabi USA and FDA approved in 1984.9

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Illicit
Structure
Weight
Average: 285.3377
Monoisotopic: 285.136493479
Chemical Formula
C17H19NO3
Synonyms
  • (-)-(5R)-4,5-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-9α-methylmorphinan-6-one
  • 4,5-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one
  • 4,5alpha-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-6-morphinanone
  • 6-Deoxy-7,8-dihydro-6-oxomorphine
  • 7,8-Dihydromorphinone
  • Dihydromorfinon
  • Dihydromorphinone
  • Dimorphone
  • Hidromorfona
  • Hydromorfona
  • Hydromorphone
  • Hydromorphonum
  • Idromorfone
External IDs
  • IDS-NH-004
  • N02AA03
  • NSC-19046

Pharmacology

Indication

Hydromorphone is indicated for the management of moderate to severe acute pain and severe chronic pain. Due to its addictive potential and overdose risk, hydromorphone is only prescribed when other first-line treatments have failed.1

The WHO has proposed a three-step ladder for the management of pain in which it is suggested to start with a non-opioid medication followed by addition of weak opioids to the non-opioid treatment for moderate pain and finishing in the use of strong opioids such as hydromorphone along with the existing regimen for cases of severe pain.2

Off-label, hydromorphone can be administered for the suppression of refractory cough.1

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofChronic refractory cough••• •••••
Adjunct therapy in treatment ofNeuropathic pain••• •••••
Management ofModerate to severe pain••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

In clinical trials, hydromorphone has been shown to be suitable for pain relief in patients that do not tolerate the side effects of morphine or that suffer from renal failure or asthma. It has been shown to be 5-7 times more potent than morphine with a shorter duration of analgesia.2

Some of the observed effects of the consumption of hydromorphone for acute pain are complete and longlasting pain relief when compared to other pain relief agents such as meperidine, morphine, diamorphine, bupivacaine, indomethacin, and fentanyl. On the same trials, hydromorphone was shown to produce respiratory depression, lower cognitive function, miosis, mydriasis, constipation, hypotension, and vertigo but to present a reduced incidence of pruritus (which indicates a lower release of histamine) and nausea.7

The respiratory depression is known to be caused by the effect on the brain stem respiratory centers as well as to a reduction in the responsiveness of this brain stems to increase carbon dioxide tension.10

Mechanism of action

Hydromorphone is an opioid agonist that can bind to different types of opioid receptors. Its analgesic effect is suggested to be related to the effect on the mu-opioid receptors. It has been reported to also have a minor affinity for the delta and kappa receptor.3,6 On the other hand, it is known to act at the level of the medulla which allows it to depress the respiratory drive and suppress cough.1

The onset of action of the immediate release form of hydromorphone is achieved in 15-20 minutes and having a lasting effect for 3-4 hours while the extended-release form onset of action is of 6 hours lasting for about 13 hours.1

TargetActionsOrganism
AMu-type opioid receptor
agonist
Humans
ADelta-type opioid receptor
partial agonist
Humans
AKappa-type opioid receptor
agonist
Humans
Absorption

The immediate release version of hydromorphone reaches its peak concentration after 30-60 minutes while the extended-release version reaches the peak concentration after 9 hours.1 When administered orally, hydromorphone is absorbed mainly in the upper small intestine with a bioavailability of 60% due to intensive first-pass metabolism. In the controlled-release version of hydromorphone, the absorption follows a biphasic pharmacokinetic profile. However, even though there are clear distinctions in the absorption pathway of hydromorphone, the AUC of both versions is reported to be of 34 ng.h/ml which indicates an equivalence.2

The parenteral administration of hydromorphone, which is the most common pathway, presents an almost immediate absorption as observed by the presence of peak plasma concentration almost immediately. This peak plasma concentration declines rapidly due to fast redistribution into liver, spleen, kidney and skeletal muscle. In the parenteral route, the pharmacokinetic profile is log-linear and dose-dependent and to present a higher bioavailability of 78%.2

Other administration routes such as rectal, nasal, intraspinal and transdermal present lower bioavailability and changes in their pharmacokinetic profile.2

Volume of distribution

The volume of distribution of hydromorphone is reported to be of 4 L/kg.1

Protein binding

The protein-bound form of hydromorphone corresponds to about 8-19% of the administered dose.1

Metabolism

The metabolism of hydromorphone is mainly hepatic and it is represented by the generation of hydromorphone-3-glucuronide through glucuronidation reactions.1 This primary metabolic pathway is done by the activity of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-2B7.4 The first-pass hepatic metabolism is so large that it represents 62% of the initial administered dose.3

On the other hand, hydromorphone is also characterized by the presence of minor metabolic pathways such as the CYP3A4- and CYP2C9-driven generation of norhydromorphone.5

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

The main elimination route of hydromorphone is through the urine in the form of the main metabolite hydromorphone-3-glucuronide. The elimination of the parent compound represents 7% of the urine elimination and 1% of the fecal elimination.1

Half-life

The half-life of hydromorphone immediate-release is of 2-3 hour while the extended release can range from 8-15 hours.1

Clearance

The mean plasma clearance of hydromorphone is reported to be of 105.7 ml/min.8 The systemic clearance is reported to be of 1.96 L/min.10

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The reported LD50 of hydromorphone in the mouse was of 104 mg/kg when given intravenously and 84 mg/kg when given orally.12 The reports of overdose with hydromorphone are characterized by respiratory depression, somnolence, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, myosis, mydriasis, bradycardia, hypotension, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest, and even death.Label

The management of an overdose might require assisted ventilation, supportive measures, as well as cardiac massage and defibrillation. It can be recommended the use of naloxone solely in the cases of respiratory depression. The use of opioid antagonist should be restricted to patients that present respiratory depression as they can produce acute abstinence symptoms.Label

Hydromorphone was not shown to be mutagenic nor clastogenic and long-term studies of carcinogenicity studies have not been performed. On the other hand, reduced implantation sites and viable fetuses were noted at a 2X normal concentration.Label

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Hydromorphone Action PathwayDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydromorphone is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbacavirHydromorphone may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Hydromorphone can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbrocitinibThe metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Hydromorphone.
AceclofenacAceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Hydromorphone which could result in a higher serum level.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Take with or without food. Food does not significantly affect absorption.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Hydromorphone hydrochlorideL960UP2KRW71-68-1XHILEZUETWRSHC-NRGUFEMZSA-N
Hydromorphone sulfate75Y990NH3Z25333-57-7JBBINZRUTLUBFR-NRGUFEMZSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
DilaudidTablet4 mg/1OralLake Erie Medical Dba Quality Care Produts Llc1956-01-012013-03-26US flag
DilaudidTablet4 mg/1OralMcKesson Corporation dba RX Pak1956-01-012019-09-05US flag
DilaudidTablet8 mg/1OralAbbvie1992-12-072008-12-31US flag
DilaudidInjection, solution4 mg/1mLIntramuscular; Intravenous; SubcutaneousPurdue Pharma LP1926-01-01Not applicableUS flag
DilaudidTablet2 mg/1OralPhysicians Total Care, Inc.2003-11-112011-06-30US flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Apo-hydromorphoneTablet4 mgOralApotex Corporation2012-12-18Not applicableCanada flag
Apo-hydromorphoneTablet2 mgOralApotex Corporation2012-12-18Not applicableCanada flag
Apo-hydromorphoneTablet8 mgOralApotex Corporation2012-12-18Not applicableCanada flag
Apo-hydromorphoneTablet1 mgOralApotex Corporation2012-12-18Not applicableCanada flag
Apo-hydromorphone CRCapsule, extended release12 mgOralApotex Corporation2018-11-16Not applicableCanada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Hydromorphone HClHydromorphone hydrochloride (1 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntravenousCantrell Drug Company2012-08-302017-12-06US flag
Hydromorphone HClHydromorphone hydrochloride (0.5 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntravenousCantrell Drug Company2014-08-13Not applicableUS flag
Hydromorphone HClHydromorphone hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntravenousCantrell Drug Company2014-08-20Not applicableUS flag
Hydromorphone HClHydromorphone hydrochloride (10 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntravenousCantrell Drug Company2014-08-13Not applicableUS flag
Hydromorphone HClHydromorphone hydrochloride (0.1 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntravenousCantrell Drug Company2014-08-21Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N02AA53 — Hydromorphone and naloxoneN02AA03 — HydromorphoneN02AG04 — Hydromorphone and antispasmodics
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Alkaloids and derivatives
Class
Morphinans
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Morphinans
Alternative Parents
Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Isoquinolones and derivatives / Tetralins / Coumarans / Aralkylamines / Alkyl aryl ethers / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Piperidines / Trialkylamines / Ketones
show 5 more
Substituents
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / Alkyl aryl ether / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group / Coumaran / Ether
show 17 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
morphinane alkaloid, organic heteropentacyclic compound (CHEBI:5790)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
Q812464R06
CAS number
466-99-9
InChI Key
WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2,4,10-11,16,19H,3,5-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,16-,17-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(1S,5R,13R,17R)-10-hydroxy-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0^{1,13}.0^{5,17}.0^{7,18}]octadeca-7(18),8,10-trien-14-one
SMILES
[H][C@@]12OC3=C(O)C=CC4=C3[C@@]11CCN(C)[C@]([H])(C4)[C@]1([H])CCC2=O

References

Synthesis Reference
US5571685
General References
  1. Abi-Aad KR, Derian A: Hydromorphone . [Article]
  2. Kumar MG, Lin S: Hydromorphone in the management of cancer-related pain: an update on routes of administration and dosage forms. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2007;10(4):504-18. [Article]
  3. Trescot AM, Datta S, Lee M, Hansen H: Opioid pharmacology. Pain Physician. 2008 Mar;11(2 Suppl):S133-53. [Article]
  4. Overholser BR, Foster DR: Opioid pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Am J Manag Care. 2011 Sep;17 Suppl 11:S276-87. [Article]
  5. Benetton SA, Borges VM, Chang TK, McErlane KM: Role of individual human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the in vitro metabolism of hydromorphone. Xenobiotica. 2004 Apr;34(4):335-44. doi: 10.1080/00498250310001657559 . [Article]
  6. Drewes AM, Jensen RD, Nielsen LM, Droney J, Christrup LL, Arendt-Nielsen L, Riley J, Dahan A: Differences between opioids: pharmacological, experimental, clinical and economical perspectives. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Jan;75(1):60-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04317.x. [Article]
  7. Murray A, Hagen NA: Hydromorphone. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005 May;29(5 Suppl):S57-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.01.007. [Article]
  8. Perlman R, Giladi H, Brecht K, Ware MA, Hebert TE, Joseph L, Shir Y: Intradialytic clearance of opioids: methadone versus hydromorphone. Pain. 2013 Dec;154(12):2794-800. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.08.015. Epub 2013 Aug 20. [Article]
  9. FDA approvals [Link]
  10. Clinical trials [Link]
  11. FDA Approved Drug Products: HYDROMORPHONE HYDROCHLORIDE injection, for intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous use, CII (December 2023) [Link]
  12. BAR-hydromorphone monograph [File]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014472
KEGG Compound
C07042
PubChem Compound
5284570
PubChem Substance
46508700
ChemSpider
4447624
BindingDB
50241341
RxNav
3423
ChEBI
5790
ChEMBL
CHEMBL398707
ZINC
ZINC000000402954
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000472
PharmGKB
PA449918
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
PDRhealth
PDRhealth Drug Page
Wikipedia
Hydromorphone
FDA label
Download (600 KB)
MSDS
Download (73.3 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentHematopoietic and Lymphoid System Neoplasm / Malignant Solid Neoplasms1
4CompletedBasic ScienceHealthy Volunteers (HV)1
4CompletedOtherOpioid Substitution Treatment1
4CompletedPreventionCaesarean Sections1
4CompletedPreventionPain / Rotator Cuff Injuries1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Purdue pharma lp
  • Purdue pharmaceutical products lp
  • Akorn inc
  • Barr laboratories inc
  • Hospira inc
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Mallinckrodt inc
  • Actavis totowa llc
  • Kv pharmaceutical co
  • Lannett holdings inc
  • Tyco healthcare mallinckrodt
Packagers
  • Abbott Laboratories Ltd.
  • Akorn Inc.
  • Barr Pharmaceuticals
  • BASF Corp.
  • Baxter International Inc.
  • Blenheim Pharmacal
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
  • Cardinal Health
  • D.M. Graham Laboratories Inc.
  • Direct Dispensing Inc.
  • Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Ethex Corp.
  • Hospira Inc.
  • KV Pharmaceutical Co.
  • Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
  • Lannett Co. Inc.
  • Mallinckrodt Inc.
  • Mckesson Corp.
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Paddock Labs
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pharmakon
  • Pharmedium
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Purdue Pharma LP
  • Qualitest
  • Rhodes Pharmaceutical LP
  • Roxane Labs
  • Stat Rx Usa
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Capsule, extended releaseOral9 mg
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous0.2 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous1 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous2 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous4 mg/1mL
LiquidIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous2 mg / mL
LiquidOral1 mg / mL
LiquidOral5 mg/5mL
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous250 mg / vial
SolutionOral5 mg/5mL
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous10 mg/1mL
LiquidIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous10 mg / mL
PowderIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous250 mg/25mL
SolutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous500 mg/50mL
LiquidIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous50 mg / mL
Tablet, extended releaseOral12 mg/1
Tablet, extended releaseOral16 mg/1
Tablet, extended releaseOral8 mg/1
SolutionEpidural; Intramuscular; Intrathecal; Intravenous; Subcutaneous2 mg
TabletOral2.5 mg
TabletOral250000 mg
TabletOral5 mg
SolutionParenteral2 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral5 mg
SolutionIntravenous4.00 mg
Injection, solutionParenteral10 mg/ml
Injection, solutionParenteral2 mg/ml
Injection, solutionParenteral20 mg/ml
Injection, solutionParenteral50 mg/ml
CapsuleOral1.3 mg
CapsuleOral2.6 mg
CapsuleOral16 mg
CapsuleOral2 mg
CapsuleOral24 mg
CapsuleOral4 mg
CapsuleOral8 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral4.5 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral12 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral18 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral24 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral30 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral3 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral6 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral2 MG
Capsule, extended releaseOral4 MG
Capsule, extended releaseOral8 MG
Tablet, extended releaseOral24 MG
Tablet, extended releaseOral
Injection, solutionIntravenous0.1 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous0.2 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous0.4 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous0.5 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous1 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous10 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous2 mg/1mL
SolutionOral5 mg/1mL
SolutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous10 mg / mL
SolutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous20 mg / mL
SolutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous50 mg / mL
SolutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous1000 mg / 10 mL
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous10 mg/1mL
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous2 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous0.25 mg/0.5mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous0.5 mg/0.5mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous10 mg/1mL
SolutionOral1 mg/1mL
SuppositoryRectal3 mg/1
TabletOral2 mg/1
TabletOral4 mg/1
TabletOral8 mg/1
Tablet, extended releaseOral32 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral2 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral4 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral8 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral12 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral16 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral32 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral8 mg/1
SolutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous100 mg / mL
SolutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous1 mg / mL
SolutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous2 mg / mL
SolutionIntravenous20 mg / 50 mL
SolutionIntravenous40 mg / 100 mL
Capsule, extended releaseOral
Tablet, extended releaseOral16 mg
Tablet, extended releaseOral32 mg
Tablet, extended releaseOral4 mg
Tablet, extended releaseOral8 mg
Tablet, extended releaseOral64 MG
Tablet, extended releaseOral8.72 mg
Capsule, extended releaseOral12 mg/1
Capsule, extended releaseOral16 mg/1
Capsule, extended releaseOral24 mg/1
Capsule, extended releaseOral32 mg/1
Capsule, extended releaseOral16 mg
SyrupOral1 mg / mL
SuppositoryRectal3 mg
TabletOral1 mg
TabletOral2 mg
TabletOral4 mg
TabletOral8 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Hydromorphone hcl powder166.25USD g
Dilaudid-hp 250 mg vial114.8USD vial
Dilaudid Sterile Powder 250 mg/vial78.99USD vial
HYDROmorphone HCl 6 3 mg Suppository Box54.92USD box
Hydromorphone Hp 50 50 mg/ml13.78USD ml
Dilaudid-Xp 50 mg/ml11.82USD ml
Hydromorphone 3 mg suppository11.11USD suppository
Dilaudid-Hp-Plus 20 mg/ml5.08USD ml
Hydromorphone Hp 20 20 mg/ml4.72USD ml
Hydromorph Contin 30 mg Controlled-Release Capsule4.21USD capsule
Hydromorph Contin 24 mg Controlled-Release Capsule3.52USD capsule
Dilaudid-Hp 10 mg/ml3.14USD ml
Hydromorphone Hp 10 mg/ml2.92USD ml
Hydromorph Contin 18 mg Controlled-Release Capsule2.75USD capsule
Hydromorphone 10 mg/ml ampul2.58USD ml
Pms-Hydromorphone 3 mg Suppository2.42USD suppository
Dilaudid 4 mg/ml ampul2.2USD ml
Dilaudid 8 mg tablet2.19USD tablet
HYDROmorphone HCl 4 mg/ml Solution 1ml Cartridge2.07USD cartridge
Hydromorph Contin 12 mg Controlled-Release Capsule1.91USD capsule
Dilaudid 2 mg/ml ampul1.81USD ml
Dilaudid 1 mg/ml ampul1.64USD ml
Hydromorphone hcl 8 mg tablet1.4USD tablet
Dilaudid 4 mg tablet1.36USD tablet
Hydromorphone 8 mg tablet1.32USD tablet
Dilaudid 2 mg/ml1.28USD ml
Hydromorphone 2 mg/ml1.19USD ml
Hydromorph Contin 6 mg Controlled-Release Capsule1.1USD capsule
Hydromorphone-ns 0.4 mg/ml1.08USD ml
Hydromorphone-ns 0.3 mg/ ml1.05USD ml
Hydromorphone 2 mg/ml vial1.02USD ml
Hydromorphone-ns 25 mg/25 ml1.01USD ml
Dilaudid 2 mg tablet1.0USD tablet
Hydromorphone-ns 2.5 mg/25 ml0.96USD ml
HYDROmorphone HCl 4 mg tablet0.8USD tablet
HYDROmorphone HCl 2 mg tablet0.77USD tablet
Hydromorph Contin 3 mg Controlled-Release Capsule0.73USD capsule
Hydromorphone 4 mg tablet0.72USD tablet
Dilaudid 8 mg Tablet0.55USD tablet
Hydromorphone-ns 0.2 mg/ml0.49USD ml
Hydromorphone 2 mg tablet0.37USD tablet
Pms-Hydromorphone 8 mg Tablet0.37USD tablet
Dilaudid 4 mg Tablet0.35USD tablet
Dilaudid-5 1 mg/ml liquid0.33USD ml
Hydromorphone-ns 5.5 mg/55 ml0.33USD ml
Dilaudid 2 mg Tablet0.23USD tablet
Pms-Hydromorphone 4 mg Tablet0.23USD tablet
Dilaudid 1 mg Tablet0.16USD tablet
Pms-Hydromorphone 2 mg Tablet0.15USD tablet
Pms-Hydromorphone 1 mg Tablet0.1USD tablet
Dilaudid 1 mg/ml Liquid0.09USD ml
Pms-Hydromorphone 1 mg/ml Liquid0.07USD ml
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US5968551No1999-10-192011-12-24US flag
US6589960No2003-07-082020-11-09US flag
US9248229No2016-02-022034-03-12US flag
US9731082No2017-08-152032-04-23US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)Decomposes at 305ºC'MSDS'
boiling point (°C)Decomposes at 305ºC'MSDS'
water solubilityHighly solubleTrescot A. et al. (2008). Pain Physician.
logP1.06Agilent. SAMHSA-Compilant Analysis of Opiates.
pKa8.2Agilent. SAMHSA-Compilant Analysis of Opiates.
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility4.39 mg/mLALOGPS
logP1.69ALOGPS
logP1.47Chemaxon
logS-1.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.17Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.08Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area49.77 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity78.26 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability30.02 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings5Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9931
Caco-2 permeable+0.8647
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.8174
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.8497
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9641
Renal organic cation transporterInhibitor0.6374
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7925
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.8618
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.7571
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.6918
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9539
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.5197
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8088
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8177
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9413
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.7214
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9554
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9815
Rat acute toxicity2.9191 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.8906
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8992
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0adl-2090000000-1b72d2e162be578cb94d
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-002r-6960000000-9f3d9b17d56e032d76c5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0090000000-c92be21771c904e21a5c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0090000000-d1cdb383f472fc77ee24
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0090000000-cc9eef26dba8276294c8
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0090000000-e812ba20865f0398a793
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00p3-0090000000-7e07720dff0c01f187f0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00lr-0090000000-148427822e51d8cf87e2
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-166.1104406
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-167.0170406
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-173.08913
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+165.5248406
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+166.1813406
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+175.46877
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+166.1674406
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+183.13594
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Details
1. Mu-type opioid receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific Function
Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone...
Gene Name
OPRM1
Uniprot ID
P35372
Uniprot Name
Mu-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight
44778.855 Da
References
  1. Quigley C: Hydromorphone for acute and chronic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(1):CD003447. [Article]
  2. Inturrisi CE: Clinical pharmacology of opioids for pain. Clin J Pain. 2002 Jul-Aug;18(4 Suppl):S3-13. [Article]
  3. Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA: Hydromorphone: pharmacology and clinical applications in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. 2001 Mar;9(2):84-96. [Article]
  4. Kumar P, Sunkaraneni S, Sirohi S, Dighe SV, Walker EA, Yoburn BC: Hydromorphone efficacy and treatment protocol impact on tolerance and mu-opioid receptor regulation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Nov 12;597(1-3):39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.08.025. Epub 2008 Aug 30. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Partial agonist
General Function
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous enkephalins and for a subset of other opioids. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine n...
Gene Name
OPRD1
Uniprot ID
P41143
Uniprot Name
Delta-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight
40368.235 Da
References
  1. Fang X, Larson DL, Portoghese PS: 7-spirobenzocyclohexyl derivatives of naltrexone, oxymorphone, and hydromorphone as selective opioid receptor ligands. J Med Chem. 1997 Sep 12;40(19):3064-70. [Article]
  2. Hennies HH, Friderichs E, Schneider J: Receptor binding, analgesic and antitussive potency of tramadol and other selected opioids. Arzneimittelforschung. 1988 Jul;38(7):877-80. [Article]
  3. Jiang Q, Sebastian A, Archer S, Bidlack JM: 5 beta-Methyl-14 beta-(p-nitrocinnamoylamino)-7,8-dihydromorphinone and its corresponding N-cyclopropylmethyl analog, N-cyclopropylmethylnor-5 beta-methyl-14 beta-(p-nitrocinnamoylamino)- 7,8-dihydromorphinone: mu-selective irreversible opioid antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Mar;268(3):1107-13. [Article]
  4. Guay DR: Use of oral oxymorphone in the elderly. Consult Pharm. 2007 May;22(5):417-30. [Article]
  5. Hartvig P, Neil A, Terenius L, Antoni G, Rimland A, Ulin J, Langstrom B: Brain and plasma kinetics of the opioid 11C-hydromorphone in two macaque species. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1989 Sep;65(3):214-6. [Article]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as receptor for various synt...
Gene Name
OPRK1
Uniprot ID
P41145
Uniprot Name
Kappa-type opioid receptor
Molecular Weight
42644.665 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Gharagozlou P, Hashemi E, DeLorey TM, Clark JD, Lameh J: Pharmacological profiles of opioid ligands at kappa opioid receptors. BMC Pharmacol. 2006 Jan 25;6:3. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Retinoic acid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
Gene Name
UGT1A3
Uniprot ID
P35503
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3
Molecular Weight
60337.835 Da
References
  1. Gudin J: Opioid therapies and cytochrome p450 interactions. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2012 Dec;44(6 Suppl):S4-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.08.013. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Glucuronosyltransferase activity
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol su...
Gene Name
UGT2B7
Uniprot ID
P16662
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7
Molecular Weight
60694.12 Da
References
  1. Overholser BR, Foster DR: Opioid pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Am J Manag Care. 2011 Sep;17 Suppl 11:S276-87. [Article]
  2. Gudin J: Opioid therapies and cytochrome p450 interactions. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2012 Dec;44(6 Suppl):S4-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.08.013. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
Curator comments
Data on this enzyme effect supported by 1 in vitro study.
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Benetton SA, Borges VM, Chang TK, McErlane KM: Role of individual human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the in vitro metabolism of hydromorphone. Xenobiotica. 2004 Apr;34(4):335-44. doi: 10.1080/00498250310001657559 . [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Binder
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Abi-Aad KR, Derian A: Hydromorphone . [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 19, 2024 11:06