Povidone-iodine

Identification

Summary

Povidone-iodine is a topical antiseptic agent used for the treatment and prevention of infection in wounds.

Brand Names
Betadine, Kenalog, Marbeta, Marcaine, P-Care M, P-Care MG, P-care, P-care X, Summer's Eve Medicated
Generic Name
Povidone-iodine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB06812
Background

Povidone-iodine is a stable chemical complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone, PVP) and elemental iodine. It contains from 9.0% to 12.0% available iodine, calculated on a dry basis. This unique complex was discovered in 1955 at the Industrial Toxicology Laboratories in Philadelphia by H. A. Shelanski and M. V. Shelanski. During in vitro testing to demonstrate anti-bacterial activity it was found that the complex was less toxic in mice than tincture of iodine. Human clinical trials showed the product to be superior to other iodine formulations. Povidone-iodine was immediately marketed, and has since become the universally preferred iodine antiseptic.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Synonyms
  • Iodopovidone
  • Povidone iodine
  • Povidone-iodine
  • Povidone, iodinated
  • PVP-I

Pharmacology

Indication

For topical application in the treatment and prevention of infection in wounds.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Prophylaxis ofMinor skin infection••• •••
Associated Therapies
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Pharmacodynamics

Povidone iodine is a kind of iodine disinfectant which directly cause in vivo protein denaturation, precipitation of bacteria, and further resulting in the death of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is effective in disinfection and sterilization. It can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, and protozoa with low toxicity to human. Povidone-iodine aqueous solution has strong pharmacological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Povidone iodine gel is a gynecological topical semi-mobile colloidal agent made by povidone iodine and hydrophilic matrix. It is a system for maintaining its sustained release. Owing to the continuous release of free iodine, it can enable the skin and mucous membranes to maintain a certain effective concentration of iodine for killing bacteria. It is mainly used for gynecological vaginal infection. It exerted its effect through being miscible with vaginal secretions and further killing the inside pathogenic microorganisms, and thus blocking the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and invasion, as well as treating other infected vaginal diseases caused by other kinds of bacteria.

Published reports on the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of iodophors demonstrate that iodophors are bactericidal, mycobactericidal, and virucidal but can require prolonged contact times to kill certain fungi and bacterial spores. Three brands of povidone-iodine solution have demonstrated more rapid kill (seconds to minutes) of S. aureus and M. chelonae at a 1:100 dilution than did the stock solution. The virucidal activity of 75–150 ppm available iodine was demonstrated against seven viruses. Other investigators have questioned the efficacy of iodophors against poliovirus in the presence of organic matter and rotavirus in distilled or tapwater. Manufacturers' data demonstrate that commercial iodophors are not sporicidal, but they are tuberculocidal, fungicidal, virucidal, and bactericidal at their recommended use-dilution.

Mechanism of action

Povidone-iodine is called iodophore which means povidone acts as a carrier of iodine. Iodine is considered as the active moiety that mediates microbicidal actions. When released from the complex, free iodine (I2) penetrates the cell wall of microorganisms quickly, and the lethal effects are believed to result from disruption of protein and nucleic acid structure and synthesis. While the full mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, iodine is thought to inhibit vital bacterial cellular mechanisms and structures, and oxidizes nucleotides fatty or amino acids in bacterial cell membranes 1. Additionally, free iodine disrupts the function of the cytosolic enzymes involved in the respiratory chain, causing them to become denatured and deactivated 1. In vitro evidence suggests that iodine also counteracts inflammation elicited by both pathogens and the host response via multifactorial effects. In hosts, povidone-iodine was demonstrated to modulate the redox potential, inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and β-galactosidase, inhibit metalloproteinase production, and potentiate the healing signals from pro-inflammatory cytokines by activation of monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, in vitro 1.

Absorption

Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not absorbed.

Volume of distribution

Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and has no volume of distribution.

Protein binding

To be used topical. No plasma protein binding reported.

Metabolism

Povidone-Iodine is not absorbed or metabolized.

Route of elimination

Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.

Half-life

Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.

Clearance

Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

ORAL (LD50): Acute: 8000 mg/kg [Rat]. 8100 mg/kg [Mouse]

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Iodineunknown9679TC07X47553-56-2PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PovidoneunknownFZ989GH94E9003-39-8Not applicable
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
BetadineSolution5 mg/1mLOphthalmicRebel Distributors2000-04-01Not applicableUS flag
BetadineSolution5 mg/1mLOphthalmicALCON LABORATORIES, INC.2000-04-01Not applicableUS flag
Douche Tray 1%Kit1 %TopicalAllegiance Healthcare Corporation1993-12-311999-07-08Canada flag
Irrigation Tray 10% KitLiquid10 % / kitTopicalBaxter Laboratories1991-12-311999-08-10Canada flag
Irrigation Tray W Pvp-I Prep Pad 1%Liquid1 % / kitTopicalBaxter Laboratories1992-12-311999-08-10Canada flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
3-in-1 First Aid Povidone-Iodine SwabLiquid10 mg/1mLTopicalSwabplus Inc.2003-03-012013-01-30US flag
3M Skin and Nasal AntisepticSolution5 mg/1mLTopical3M Company2009-07-01Not applicableUS flag
4046 First Aid KitKit10 mg/1mLTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc2018-11-212019-10-18US flag
4233 First Aid KitKit; Swab10 mg/1mLTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc.2018-09-13Not applicableUS flag
Acu Dyne OintmentOintment10 %TopicalAcme United Corporation1977-12-311997-05-30Canada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
3-Step First Aid KitPovidone-iodine (100 mg/10mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (11 mg/10mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (100 mg/10mL)KitTopicalSwabplus Inc.2003-03-01Not applicableUS flag
4042 First Aid KitPovidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g)KitTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc2018-11-212019-10-18US flag
4044 First Aid KitPovidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g)KitTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc2018-11-212019-10-18US flag
4045 First Aid KitPovidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g)KitTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc2018-11-212019-10-18US flag
4050 First Aid KitPovidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g)KitTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc2018-11-212019-10-18US flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
4042 First Aid KitPovidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g)KitTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc2018-11-212019-10-18US flag
4044 First Aid KitPovidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g)KitTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc2018-11-212019-10-18US flag
4045 First Aid KitPovidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g)KitTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc2018-11-212019-10-18US flag
4046 First Aid KitPovidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL)KitTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc2018-11-212019-10-18US flag
4050 First Aid KitPovidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g)KitTopicalHoneywell Safety Products USA, Inc2018-11-212019-10-18US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
G01AX11 — Povidone-iodineR02AA15 — Povidone-iodineD08AG02 — Povidone-iodineD09AA09 — Povidone-iodineS01AX18 — Povidone-iodineD11AC06 — Povidone-iodine
Drug Categories
Classification
Not classified
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
85H0HZU99M
CAS number
25655-41-8

References

General References
  1. Bigliardi PL, Alsagoff SAL, El-Kafrawi HY, Pyon JK, Wa CTC, Villa MA: Povidone iodine in wound healing: A review of current concepts and practices. Int J Surg. 2017 Aug;44:260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.073. Epub 2017 Jun 23. [Article]
  2. The efficacy and risks of using povidone-iodine irrigation to prevent surgical site infection: an evidence-based review [Link]
  3. Iodophore activity, CDC [Link]
KEGG Drug
D00863
KEGG Compound
C08043
PubChem Substance
347910372
RxNav
8611
ChEBI
8347
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1201724
Wikipedia
Povidone-iodine
MSDS
Download (47.9 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4Active Not RecruitingPreventionStaphylococcus (S.) Aureus Infection1
4CompletedOtherStrabismus1
4CompletedOtherSurgical Preparation of the Vagina1
4CompletedPreventionArrhythmia / Heart Failure1
4CompletedPreventionBacteraemia Post Debridement1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
LiquidTopical10 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical5 mg/1mL
Cream; kit; ointment; swabTopical
Cream; kit; swabTopical
Kit; liquid; swabTopical
Cream; gel; kit; liquid; ointment; swabOphthalmic; Topical
Gel; kit; liquid; swabOphthalmic; Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; swabOphthalmic; Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; swabTopical
KitOphthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
KitRespiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment; swabOphthalmic; Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; ointment; swabOphthalmic; Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment; spray; swab; tabletOphthalmic; Oral; Topical
Kit; liquid; lozenge; ointment; spray; swab; tabletOphthalmic; Oral; Topical
KitOphthalmic; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
KitOral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Gel; inhalant; kit; liquid; ointment; swabOphthalmic; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Gel; kit; liquid; ointment; swabOphthalmic; Topical
Kit; swabTopical10 mg/1mL
Gel; kit; swabTopical
Inhalant; kit; swabRespiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit; liquid; swabOphthalmic; Topical
Gel; kit; ointment; swabTopical
Cream; kit; liquid; ointment; swabTopical
Gel; kit; liquid; ointment; solution; swabOphthalmic; Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment; spray; swabOphthalmic; Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; ointment; spray; swabOphthalmic; Topical
Gel; kit; liquid; ointment; swab; tabletOral; Topical
Irrigant; kit; liquid; swabIrrigation; Ophthalmic; Topical
KitIrrigation; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
KitIrrigation; Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
OintmentTopical10 %
StickTopical10 %
SolutionTopical1 %
SolutionTopical7.5 mg/100mL
SwabTopical0.1 mg/1mL
ClothTopical10 mg/1g
DoucheVaginal10 g/100g
OintmentTopical10 mg/1g
LiquidTopical10 1/100g
SolutionTopical8.1 g/100g
EmulsionTopical75 mg/1mL
Kit; liquidIntravenous
LiquidIntravenous
SolutionVaginal
RinseOral7.5 %
SolutionTopical50 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical
KitVaginal0.3 g/100mL
SolutionOral1 g/100mL
LotionTopical
ClothTopical10 %
CreamTopical5 %
DoucheVaginal10 g/100ml
Gel10 %
MouthwashOral1 %
SolutionCutaneous10 g/100ml
SolutionOphthalmic5 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical10 %
SolutionTopical5 %
SolutionVaginal10 %
SprayCutaneous5 %
SprayTopical.05 mL/1mL
SprayTopical5 mg/1mL
TabletVaginal0.2 G
AerosolTopical5 g / 100 mL
CreamTopical
LiquidTopical10 % w/v
CreamTopical0.05 mg/1mL
Aerosol, sprayTopical.05 mg/1mL
PowderTopical
SolutionVaginal10 % w/v
LiquidTopical10 %w/v
LiquidVaginal
SolutionOral.05 mg/1mL
SwabTopical450 mg / pad
RinseOral
LiquidTopical
ShampooTopical7.5 %
LiquidTopical4 g / 100 mL
LiquidTopical7.5 g / 100 mL
DressingTopical1 mg / pck
SprayOral0.45 % w/v
SprayOral
DoucheVaginal
DoucheVaginal10 %
GelVaginal10 %
GelVaginal10 % w/w
GelTopical; Vaginal
SuppositoryVaginal200 mg / sup
LiquidTopical10.000 % w/v
SolutionOral7.5 g/100ml
GelTopical100 mg/g
SprayTopical25 mg/g
GelVaginal1 %
SuppositoryVaginal200 mg
DressingTopical300 mg
KitInfiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Perineural; Topical
GelTopical
OintmentTopical70 g
SuppositoryVaginal0.2 gr
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Topical
Cloth; injection, solution; kit; solutionEpidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Topical
KitEpidural; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Topical
LiquidSubcutaneous
Liquid; ointmentIntravenous; Topical
Kit; liquid; ointmentInfiltration; Parenteral; Subcutaneous; Topical
LiquidNasal1.25 mg/100mL
SolutionTopical8.1 g
PatchTopical100 mg/1
SwabTopical1 %
GelTopical9.7 g/1mL
SolutionTopical9.5 g/1mL
SolutionTopical7.86 g/1mL
Injection, solution; kit; solutionEpidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural; Topical
OintmentTopical10 g/100g
KitInfiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Topical
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Topical
MouthwashOral
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Subcutaneous; Topical
KitIntramuscular; Intravenous; Topical
KitTopical1 %
SwabTopical
SwabTopical10 g/100g
SwabTopical7.5 g/100g
SpongeTopical1.1 g/100mL
GelTopical1.2 mL/100mL
LiquidTopical100 mg/7.5mL
KitIntra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Soft tissue; Topical
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Soft tissue; Subcutaneous; Topical
KitInfiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Soft tissue; Topical
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Soft tissue; Topical
SpongeTopical13 %
SpongeTopical6.5 %
LiquidTopical6.5 %
SpongeTopical10 %
SolutionTopical75 mg/1mL
LiquidExtracorporeal7.7 mg/500mL
KitEpidural; Infiltration
ClothTopical0.54 g/1
Kit; ointment; solutionInfiltration; Intravenous; Topical
OintmentTopical
KitVaginal.3 g/100mL
SolutionTopical10 mg/1mL
LiquidTopical100 mg/1mL
LiquidTopical7.5 mg/100mL
Kit; solution, concentrateVaginal.3 g/100mL
SolutionTopical0.01 g/1mL
SolutionTopical1 g/100mL
SwabTopical0.2 g/1
OintmentTopical
PatchTopical10 g/100g
KitIntra-amniotic
KitTopical
KitOphthalmic; Oral; Topical
SolutionTopical7500 mg/100mL
SolutionVaginal10 g/100mL
SuppositoryVaginal200 mg/1
SolutionTopical1.25 mg/1mL
SprayTopical1.25 g/100mL
SolutionTopical2.5 mg/1mL
SprayOral1.25 g/100mL
SolutionTopical1.75 mg/1mL
Liquid; ointmentEpidural; Topical
KitInfiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
SolutionTopical8 g
SoapTopical3.9 g/100g
SolutionBuccal; Oropharyngeal8 g
Solution
ShampooTopical8 g
LiquidTopical10 % / kit
SolutionBuccal; Oropharyngeal0.8 g
SolutionTopical1 g
KitIntravenous; Topical
Solution100 ml
Solution1000 ml
Solution30 ml
RinseOral100 ml
LiquidTopical10 g/100g
GelTopical10 g/100g
SpongeTopical2 g/20g
OintmentTopical100 mg/g
RinseTopical
Inhalant; injection, solution; injection, suspension; kit; solutionEpidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intracaudal; Intramuscular; Perineural; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
LiquidTopical75 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical1.18 g/118mL
SolutionTopical0.75 g/100g
SolutionTopical1 g/100g
SwabTopical1 g/100g
LiquidTopical
LiquidTopical1 g/100mL
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Topical
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Topical
LiquidTopical1 mg/10mL
OintmentTopical100 mg/1g
ClothTopical100 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical0.1 g/1
LiquidTopical1 %
GelTopical10 mg/1mL
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular
KitOral; Topical
OintmentTopical7.5 g/100g
LiquidTopical10 g/100mL
LiquidTopical5 g/100mL
SpongeTopical10 mg/1mL
SpongeTopical5 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical.25 mL/5mL
SolutionOphthalmic
Injection, solution; kit; solutionEpidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Intravenous; Perineural; Topical
Injection, suspension; kit; solutionIntra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Soft tissue; Topical
Injection, solution; injection, suspension; kit; solutionEpidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intracaudal; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Perineural; Soft tissue; Topical
Injection, suspension; kit; solutionIntra-articular; Intramuscular; Topical
Injection, solution; injection, suspension; kit; solutionEpidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intracaudal; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Perineural; Topical
Injection; injection, solution; kit; solutionEpidural; Intracaudal; Intravenous; Perineural; Topical
Injection, solution; kit; solutionEpidural; Intracaudal; Intravenous; Perineural; Topical
Liquid; ointmentSubcutaneous; Topical
IrrigantTopical10 mg/1mL
LiquidInfiltration; Subcutaneous; Topical
Kit; ointment; solutionInfiltration; Subcutaneous; Topical
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intracaudal; Intramuscular; Perineural; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Cloth; injection, solution; injection, suspension; kitInfiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Topical
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intrasynovial; Soft tissue; Topical
LiquidEpidural; Intravenous
KitInfiltration; Soft tissue; Topical
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal
SolutionTopical10 % W/V
OintmentTopical100 g
OintmentTopical20 g
OintmentTopical300 g
OintmentTopical50 g
OintmentTopical10 % w/w
SolutionTopical10 mL/100mL
SolutionTopical7.5 mg/1mL
SwabTopical10 mg/1mL
LiquidOral5 mg/1mL
LiquidTopical50 mg/1mL
OintmentTopical1 g/10g
OintmentTopical5 g/100g
SolutionTopical0.10 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical10 g/100mL
SolutionTopical5 g/100mL
SolutionTopical7.5 g/100mL
SwabTopical0.1 g/1
SwabTopical0.1 g/1g
SwabTopical1 mL/10mL
SwabTopical10 mL/100mL
SwabTopical100 mg/1mL
SpongeTopical0.1 mg/1mL
SpongeTopical7.5 mg/1mL
GelTopical0.10 g/1mL
OintmentTopical.10 g/1g
SolutionTopical.10 g/1mL
SolutionTopical10 g/100g
SolutionEpidural; Percutaneous; Topical.10 g/1
SwabTopical10 mg/100mL
ClothTopical10 g/1mL
SolutionTopical7.5 g/100g
SwabTopical0.75 mg/1mL
SwabTopical7.5 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical10.34 mg/1mL
SpongeTopical100 mg/1mL
SpongeTopical50 mg/1mL
SpongeTopical90 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical100 mg/1g
LiquidTopical1 % / 0.6 mL
Aerosol, sprayTopical0.1 g/1g
OintmentTopical1 g/100g
SolutionTopical9.8 g/100g
SwabPercutaneous0.1 mL/1
SwabTopical0.05 g/1
SolutionTopical0.75 mg/1mL
StickTopical7.5 mg/1mL
GelTopical10 mg/1g
SwabTopical9.43 g/100g
SolutionTopical11 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical0.1 g/1mL
SwabTopical1 mL/100mL
SwabTopical10 mg/1g
SwabPercutaneous10 mg/1
SwabPercutaneous10 mL/1
SwabTopical0.1 mg/1
SwabTopical0.1 mL/1mL
SwabTopical0.10 g/1
SwabTopical100 mg/1
ClothTopical10 g/100g
ClothTopical10 mg/1mL
SwabTopical100 mg/1g
SolutionEpidural; Percutaneous; Topical.10 mg/1mL
SolutionEpidural; Percutaneous; Topical0.10 mg/1mL
SpongeTopical100 mg/1g
SolutionTopical7.5 %
SwabTopical0.07 g/1
SpongeTopical75 mg/1g
SwabTopical75 mg/1g
SolutionTopical.075 mg/1mL
SolutionPercutaneous0.01 mg/1g
LiquidTopical100 mg/1g
SolutionTopical1 mg/100mL
SolutionTopical1.1 mg/100mL
SolutionTopical100 mg/1mL
GelTopical
ClothTopical10 mg/1
PatchTopical100 mg/1g
SwabTopical0.12 g/1
SwabTopical12 g/1
AerosolTopical.5 %
LiquidTopical7.5 %
LiquidVaginal10 %
LiquidTopical10 %
OintmentTopical10 mg / g
SuppositoryVaginal25 mg / sup
EmulsionTopical7.5 mg/1mL
SpongeTopical
SwabTopical.10 g/1g
StickTopical10 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical10 %w/v
SolutionTopical0.006 g/0.6mL
SolutionTopical0.1 g/100mL
SolutionTopical0.75 g/100mL
SolutionTopical8 mL/100mL
SolutionTopical7.5 mg/1
SwabTopical0.9 g/100mL
SwabTopical0.9 mg/100mL
SwabTopical1 g/100mL
DoucheVaginal0.30 mL/100mL
Douche; kitVaginal.3 g/100mL
KitEpidural; Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Perineural; Topical
SwabTopical10 %
OintmentTopical5 mg/1g
LiquidTopical5 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical9 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical15 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical0.75 mg/100mL
SolutionTopical0.15 g/100mL
SolutionTopical0.9 g/100mL
LiquidTopical8.64 g/100mL
KitBuccal; Topical
Solution / dropsOphthalmic
LiquidTopical.75 %
KitInfiltration; Topical
LiquidParenteral; Topical
KitTopical10 mg/1mL
SoapTopical
DoucheVaginal4 g/133mL
LiquidTopical10.5 g/100mL
SwabTopical10 mg/1
SwabTopical10 mg/100mg
SolutionCutaneous
SolutionEpidural; Percutaneous; Topical.075 mL/1mL
SolutionEpidural; Percutaneous; Topical.075 L/1L
SolutionTopical.10 mg/1mL
SolutionTopical.075 mL/1mL
SolutionTopical.10 L/1L
LiquidTopical1 % / kit
SprayTopical
SolutionTopical
InsertVaginal200 mg
OintmentTopical10 g
SolutionTopical10 g
SolutionBuccal; Oral8 g
SolutionTopical1100000 g
SolutionTopical11 g
MouthwashOral70 mg/1ml
PowderTopical2.5 %w/w
OintmentTopical10 %w/w
CreamTopical5 %w/w
SprayOral450 mg/100ml
Gel10 %w/w
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US7066916No2006-06-272024-02-17US flag
US7595021No2009-09-292023-05-12US flag
US7717889No2010-05-182025-02-27US flag
US7935093No2011-05-032027-10-02US flag
US7427574No2008-09-232026-04-25US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
Not Available
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Drug created at September 14, 2010 16:21 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48