Sodium sulfate

Identification

Summary

Sodium sulfate is an agent used for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy or barium enema X-ray examination.

Brand Names
Bi-peglyte, Colyte, Gavilyte-C, Gavilyte-G, Golytely, Moviprep, Peglyte, Plenvu, Suflave, Suprep Bowel Prep Kit
Generic Name
Sodium sulfate
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09472
Background

Sodium Sulfate Anhydrous is the anhydrous, sodium salt form of sulfuric acid. Sodium sulfate anhydrous disassociates in water to provide sodium ions and sulfate ions. Sodium ion is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in the therapy of fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Sodium sulfate anhydrous is an electrolyte replenisher and is used in isosmotic solutions so that administration does not disturb normal electrolyte balance and does not lead to absorption or excretion of water and ions.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 142.042
Monoisotopic: 141.931268528
Chemical Formula
Na2O4S
Synonyms
  • Anhydrous sodium sulfate
  • Sodium sulfate anhydrous
  • Sodium sulfate, anhydrous
  • Sodium sulphate anhydrous
  • Sodium sulphate, anhydrous
  • Sulfuric acid disodium salt, anhydrous

Pharmacology

Indication

indicated for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy or barium enema X-ray examination.

Reduce drug development failure rates
Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.
See how
Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.
See how
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events Today
Tap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.
Learn more
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
Learn more
Pharmacodynamics

Induces catharsis by the osmotic effects of the unabsorbed sulfate salts and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the GI tract. Specifically, sulfate salts provide sulfate anions, which are poorly absorbed, and PEG, which is primarily unabsorbed, causes water to be retained in the GI tract resulting in watery diarrhea.

Mechanism of action

MoviPrep produces a watery stool leading to cleansing of the colon. The osmotic activity of polyethylene glycol 3350, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium ascorbate, and ascorbic acid, when taken with 1 liter of additional clear fluid, usually results in no net absorption or excretion of ions or water.

TargetActionsOrganism
ACarbonic anhydrase 2
inhibitor
Humans
ACarbonic anhydrase 1
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Absorption of sodium sulfate after ingestion in rats was investigated. 35)S-Radioactivity excreted in urine during 24 hr indicated almost complete absorption from GI tract. Determination in serum 2 hr after admin revealed 3-fold increase in sulfate concentration rapid and almost complete absorption of inorganic sulfate occurs after oral admin in rats.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Rectal effluent if unabsorbed sulfates ; urine (predominant route for absorbed sulfates )

Half-life

Serum sulfate: 8.5 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomes
With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!
See the data
Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
See a data sample
Toxicity

Mouse LD50 (Oral): 5989mg/kg Mouse LDLo (Intravenous): 1220mg/kg Rabbit LD50 (Intravenous):1220mg/kg

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirAbacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
AceclofenacAceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
AcemetacinAcemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
AcetaminophenAcetaminophen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
AcetazolamideThe risk or severity of dehydration can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Sodium sulfate.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions
Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.
Access now
Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
Access now
Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Sodium sulfate decahydrate0YPR65R21J7727-73-3RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Sodium cationionicLYR4M0NH3717341-25-2FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Sulfate ionionic7IS9N8KPMG14808-79-8QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Bqcell Revirgin GungTablet0.235 g/1Enteral; VaginalDermabqcell Co., Ltd.2022-04-09Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Bi-peglyteSodium sulfate (5.74 g / sachet) + Bisacodyl (5 mg / tab) + Polyethylene glycol (59.55 g / sachet) + Potassium chloride (0.76 g / sachet) + Sodium bicarbonate (1.69 g / sachet) + Sodium chloride (1.46 g / sachet)Kit; Powder, for solution; Tablet, delayed releaseOralPendopharm Division Of Pharmascience Inc2010-06-06Not applicableCanada flag
Clenz-LyteSodium sulfate (22.74 g/4L) + Polyethylene glycol (236 g/4L) + Potassium chloride (2.97 g/4L) + Sodium bicarbonate (6.74 g/4L) + Sodium chloride (5.86 g/4L)Powder, for solutionNasogastric; OralPaddock Laboratories, Inc.2010-06-072010-06-07US flag
ColPrep KitSodium sulfate decahydrate (17.5 g/22.7g) + Magnesium sulfate (1.6 g/22.7g) + Potassium sulfate (3.13 g/22.7g)Powder, for solutionOralKVK-Tech, Inc.2016-12-272019-01-24US flag
ColyteSodium sulfate decahydrate (21.5 g/3.785L) + Polyethylene glycol (227.1 g/3.785L) + Potassium chloride (2.82 g/3.785L) + Sodium bicarbonate (6.36 g/3.785L) + Sodium chloride (5.53 g/3.785L)Powder, for solutionNasogastric; OralAlaven Pharmaceutical2010-09-012016-05-31US flag
ColyteSodium sulfate decahydrate (22.72 g/4L) + Polyethylene glycol (240 g/4L) + Potassium chloride (2.98 g/4L) + Sodium bicarbonate (6.72 g/4L) + Sodium chloride (5.84 g/4L)Powder, for solutionNasogastricMEDA Pharmaceuticals2014-08-052021-09-30US flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Bqcell Revirgin GungSodium sulfate decahydrate (0.235 g/1)TabletEnteral; VaginalDermabqcell Co., Ltd.2022-04-09Not applicableUS flag
Sodium polysulthionate and folic acidSodium sulfate decahydrate (8 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Octasulfur (388 mg/1) + Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (1.8 mg/1)CapsuleOralSolubiomix2016-08-242017-10-16US flag
Sodium polysulthionate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolateSodium sulfate decahydrate (2 g/100g) + Levomefolic acid (.125 g/100g) + Octasulfur (97 g/100g) + Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (.45 g/100g)PowderOral; TopicalSolubiomix2015-07-212016-01-12US flag
Sodium Polysulthionate, 5-mthfSodium sulfate decahydrate (8 mg/1) + 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (.5 mg/1) + Octasulfur (388 mg/1) + Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (1.8 mg/1)CapsuleOralSolubiomix2016-01-092016-01-12US flag
XizflusSodium sulfate decahydrate (8 mg/1) + 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (.5 mg/1) + Octasulfur (388 mg/1) + Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (1.8 mg/1)CapsuleOralBasiem2016-01-092016-01-12US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A06AD13 — Sodium sulfateA12CA02 — Sodium sulfate
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal sulfates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkali metal.
Kingdom
Inorganic compounds
Super Class
Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
Class
Alkali metal oxoanionic compounds
Sub Class
Alkali metal sulfates
Direct Parent
Alkali metal sulfates
Alternative Parents
Inorganic sodium salts / Inorganic oxides
Substituents
Alkali metal sulfate / Inorganic oxide / Inorganic salt / Inorganic sodium salt
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
inorganic sodium salt (CHEBI:32149)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
36KCS0R750
CAS number
7757-82-6
InChI Key
PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI
InChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
IUPAC Name
disodium sulfate
SMILES
[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

References

General References
  1. Morris ME, Levy G: Serum concentration and renal excretion by normal adults of inorganic sulfate after acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, or sodium sulfate. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983 Apr;33(4):529-36. [Article]
  2. Cocchetto DM, Levy G: Absorption of orally administered sodium sulfate in humans. J Pharm Sci. 1981 Mar;70(3):331-3. [Article]
  3. Pubchem [Link]
  4. DRUGS.COM [Link]
  5. DAILYMED [Link]
  6. ChemIDplus [Link]
  7. inChem [Link]
KEGG Drug
D01732
KEGG Compound
C13199
PubChem Compound
24436
PubChem Substance
347827857
ChemSpider
22844
BindingDB
50101993
RxNav
1299926
ChEBI
32149
ChEMBL
CHEMBL233406
Wikipedia
Sodium_sulfate

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4Active Not RecruitingHealth Services ResearchColorectal Cancer1
4CompletedNot AvailableColonoscopy1
4CompletedBasic ScienceFunctional Constipation (FC) / Irritable Bowel Syndrome Characterized by Constipation1
4CompletedDiagnosticColon Adenomas / Colon Lesions / Colon Polyps1
4CompletedScreeningColonoscopy1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Kit; powder, for solution; tablet, delayed releaseOral
TabletEnteral; Vaginal0.235 g/1
Powder, for solutionNasogastric
LiquidOral
Granule, for solutionOral64 g
Powder, for solutionNasogastric; Oral
KitOral
Kit; solutionOral
Tablet, effervescentOral
PowderOral238.33 g
Kit; powder, for solutionOral
Powder, for solutionOral
SolutionOral
PowderOral
Solution, concentrateOral
TabletOral
Granule, effervescentOral2.86 g
CapsuleOral
PowderOral; Topical
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US7169381No2007-01-302024-09-01US flag
US7658914No2010-02-092024-09-01US flag
US6946149No2005-09-202023-03-07US flag
US9326969No2016-05-032033-09-10US flag
US9592252No2017-03-142032-08-11US flag
US9707297No2017-07-182033-09-10US flag
US8999313No2015-04-072033-09-10US flag
US10016504No2018-07-102033-09-10US flag
US10646512No2020-05-122032-03-25US flag
US10792306No2020-10-062032-03-09US flag
US10780112No2020-09-222032-03-09US flag
US10143656No2018-12-042037-08-04US flag
US10918723No2021-02-162033-09-10US flag
US11033498No2021-06-152037-08-04US flag
US11382864No2017-08-042037-08-04US flag
US11529368No2012-03-092032-03-09US flag
US11638697No2017-08-042037-08-04US flag

Properties

State
Not Available
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.84Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-3Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area80.26 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity11.53 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability5.81 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0006-0900000000-1f5f53c7d5c9bceafb1c
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-100.205734
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+103.26146
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+112.57707
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
Learn more
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion in...
Gene Name
CA2
Uniprot ID
P00918
Uniprot Name
Carbonic anhydrase 2
Molecular Weight
29245.895 Da
References
  1. UniProt [Link]
  2. ChEMBL [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrates cyanamide to urea.
Gene Name
CA1
Uniprot ID
P00915
Uniprot Name
Carbonic anhydrase 1
Molecular Weight
28870.0 Da
References
  1. UniProt [Link]
  2. ChEMBL [Link]
  3. KEGG [Link]

Drug created at November 30, 2015 19:10 / Updated at January 09, 2021 18:41