Sodium fluoride

Identification

Summary

Sodium fluoride is an ingredient of various dental preparations used to support tooth mineralization and the prevention of dental caries.

Brand Names
60 Second Taste, Clinpro 5000, Ctx4 Gel, Denta 5000 Plus, Denticare Denti Foam, Denticare Neutral, Denticare Pro Gel, Fluorishield, Fluoritab, Flura-drops, Gelato Sodium Fluoride, Kolorz, Ludent, Meijer, Mvc-fluoride, Neutracare, Neutramaxx, Oral-B Minute-foam, Oral-B Neutra, Pcxx Neutral Foam, Pcxx Neutral Rinse, Perfect Choice One Minute, Prevident, Prevident 5000 Sensitive, Prevident Dental Rinse, Prodenrx Rinse, Zooby Fluoride Foam
Generic Name
Sodium fluoride
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09325
Background

Sodium fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound that is a source of the fluoride ion in many applications, including dental care and radiographic imaging when it is used as Fluoride ion F-18.17 Sodium fluoride's benefits on dental health were first observed in the 1930s, when individuals in communities with fluoridated drinking water showed less tooth decay than those without fluoridated water. The use of fluoride in dental practice began in the 1940s. Now, sodium fluoride may be found in a variety of gels, varnishes, rinses, toothpaste products, and fluoride treatments provided in dental care.5,6 According to the American Dental Association (ADA), thorough evidence reviews have indicated that the use of fluoride to prevent and control dental caries is safe when used correctly and is highly effective in reducing the prevalence of caries.19

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 41.9882
Monoisotopic: 41.98817288
Chemical Formula
FNa
Synonyms
  • Sodium fluoride
External IDs
  • NSC-77385

Pharmacology

Indication

Sodium fluoride in the oral or topical form is indicated for the prevention and control of dental caries and for the maintenance of dental health.1,12 Fluoride supplements in the form of tablets and other formulas may be prescribed to prevent tooth decay in high-risk children aged 6 months to 16 years old whose drinking water source contains low fluoride concentrations.19

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to treatCaries; enamelCombination Product in combination with: Dectaflur (DB16622), Olaflur (DB13290), Sodium fluoride (DB09325)••• ••••••
Used in combination to preventCavityCombination Product in combination with: Potassium nitrate (DB11090)••• •••
Prevention ofDental caries••• •••
Used in combination to treatDental cavityCombination Product in combination with: Dectaflur (DB16622), Olaflur (DB13290), Sodium fluoride (DB09325)••• ••••••
Maintenance ofDental health••• •••••• ••• •••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Sodium fluoride protects the teeth from acid demineralization while preventing tooth decay by bacteria while strengthening tooth enamel.2,6 It is important to note that excess fluoride exposure during tooth mineralization, especially in children 1-3 years old, may cause fluorosis. It is a condition manifested by white lines, pitting, or discoloration of teeth resulting from changes in tooth enamel.8,18 The risk of fluorosis can be decreased by the use of a rice-size amount of fluoridated toothpaste in children younger than 3 years old. It is recommended that no more than a pea-sized quantity of fluoridated toothpaste should be used for children from 3 to 6 years old.18 The American Dentistry Association (ADA) recommends that children should be closely supervised during toothpaste use to prevent excess fluoride ingestion.19

Mechanism of action

The prevention of dental caries by topical fluoride is achieved by various mechanisms.9 Sodium fluoride kills bacteria that cause caries, such a Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli10 by interfering with their metabolic activities that result in the formation of lactic acid. Fluoride ions cause the inhibition of glycolytic and other enzymes involved in bacterial metabolism. It changes the permeability of cell membranes, lowering the pH in the cytoplasm of the cell, leading to a decrease in acidity, which is normally implicated in tooth decay.1

When administered at low topical doses, fluoride in both saliva and plaque and saliva prevent the demineralization of healthy tooth enamel while remineralizing teeth that have previously been demineralized. Sodium fluoride is absorbed by the surface of hydroxyapatite crystals on the teeth, which are necessary for mineralization. This renders the teeth more resistant to demineralization by changing the apatite crystal solubility.5,7 Sodium fluoride inhibits the demineralization of teeth in a pH-related manner. When used in high doses, in formulations such as the fluoride varnishes or gels, sodium fluoride forms a layer on the surface of tooth enamel. When the pH of the mouth is reduced due to acid production by bacteria such as S.mutans, fluoride is released, interfering with bacterial metabolism, and then acts to remineralize the teeth.1,7,18

TargetActionsOrganism
UHydroxyapatiteNot AvailableHumans
Absorption

Sodium fluoride is 90% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with 77% of absorption in the proximal intestine and about 25% in the stomach. The rate of absorption may vary according to gastric pH. Cmax is reached 20-60 minutes after ingestion.3 Cmax was estimated to be 848 ± 116 ng/mL after a 20mg sodium fluoride solution was ingested, with a Tmax of 0.46 ± 0.17 hours.1 The bioavailability of sodium fluoride tablets administered in the fasted state during one pharmacokinetic study approached 100%.3 Another resource reports a sodium fluoride AUC of 1.14 ± 0.12 μg × h/mL after the ingestion of fluoridated water.4

Volume of distribution

Fluoride distributes to the saliva, bones, and teeth, and is also found in lesser quantities in the breastmilk and sweat.1 After the ingestion of sodium fluoridated drinking water, the fluoride ions are found to distribute to the plasma and blood cells. Plasma levels of fluoride concentrations are twice as the concentrations found in blood cells.16 Adults have been found to retain 36% of ingested fluoride and children have been found to retain about 50% of a dose. Most of the retained fluoride is localized to bone and teeth and 1% accumulates in soft tissues.1 Fluoride crosses the placenta and the blood-brain barrier. The central nervous system concentrations of sodium fluoride are estimated to reach 20% the plasma concentrations.16 Studies conducted in communities with high levels of fluoride in water did not show any increase in birth defects.12 The placenta is able to regulate the accumulation of excess fluoride, possibly protecting the fetus from high levels of fluoride.5 Despite this, excessively high exposure to fluoride in utero may lead to skeletal fluorosis.12

Protein binding

Fluoride ions are bound to plasma proteins.1 The percentage of protein binding is not readily available in the evaluated literature.

Metabolism

Several factors can affect the metabolism of sodium fluoride. These include disorders of acid-base balance, circadian rhythm, hematocrit level, high or low altitude, the level physical activity, hormonal status, renal function, genetic predispositions in addition to the diet.1

Route of elimination

Sodium fluoride is rapidly excreted, mainly in the urine. About 90% of fluoride is filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the renal tubules. About 10% is excreted in the feces.1

Half-life

The terminal plasma elimination half-life following the ingestion of fluoridated drinking water generally ranges from 3 to 10 hours.16 The half-life of sodium fluoride in the bones is 20 years.20

Clearance

Sodium fluoride is rapidly cleared by the kidneys and depends on various factors, including glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and urine pH.16 According to one clinical study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of oral sodium fluoride tablets in healthy young adults, the renal clearance was determined to be 77.4 ± 11.2mL/min for acidic urine and 78.4 ± 6.9mL/min for alkaline urine.3 Another reference estimates the renal clearance of fluoride ions from sodium fluoridated water at 35–45 mL/min.4

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The oral LD50 of sodium fluoride is 44 mg/kg in mice and 31 mg/kg in rats. The oral LD50 of sodium fluoride in rabbits is 200 mg/kg.15

Overdose information

The ingestion of toothpaste is the major cause of sodium fluoride overdose. This is followed by sodium fluoride supplements and mouth rinses. Most causes of sodium fluoride toxicity have been observed in children under the age of 6 years old.5 The manifestations of a sodium fluoride overdose may include gastrointestinal disturbance, abdominal pain, alterations in taste, seizures, salivation, bradycardia, tachycardia, headache, tremor, and shallow breathing.14 Gastrointestinal bleeding may also occur in addition to a sensation of burning in the mouth.12 Hypotension, bronchospasm, fixed mydriasis, and elevated potassium can also occur which, in turn, may lead to arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.5

Management

If a dose greater than 5 mg fluoride per kilogram of body weight (2.3 mg fluoride per pound of body weight) has been taken, it is advisable to induce vomiting. Administer calcium in an oral, soluble form (for example, 5% calcium gluconate, a solution of calcium lactate, or milk). The patient should seek immediate medical attention. If a sodium fluoride ingestion of 15 mg fluoride/kg of body weight or more occurs (i.e. higher than 6.9 mg fluoride per pound), immediately induce vomiting, provide supportive care, and admit the patient to the hospital for observation.12

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirAbacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
AceclofenacAceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
AcemetacinAcemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
AcetaminophenAcetaminophen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a higher serum level.
AcetazolamideAcetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Sodium fluoride which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid milk and dairy products. Do no take this drug within 1 hour of consuming dairy products.

Products

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Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Fluoride ionionicQ80VPU408O16984-48-8KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Sodium cationionicLYR4M0NH3717341-25-2FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Images
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
60 Second Fluoride GelGel5.6 g/454gDentalDarby Dental Supply, LLC2019-08-01Not applicableUS flag
60 Second Fluoride GelGel5.6 g/454gDentalDarby Dental Supply, LLC2019-08-01Not applicableUS flag
60 Second Fluoride GelGel5.6 g/454gDentalDarby Dental Supply, LLC2019-08-01Not applicableUS flag
60 Second Fluoride GelGel5.6 g/454gDentalDarby Dental Supply, LLC2019-08-01Not applicableUS flag
60 Second Fluoride GelGel5.6 g/454gDentalDarby Dental Supply, LLC2019-08-01Not applicableUS flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
0.2% Sodium Fluoride Weekly Oral RinseSolution0.2 %DentalPdt Image Inc. Dba Pro Dentec Canada1995-12-312009-06-15Canada flag
1.1% Neutral Sodium Fluoride Topical GelGel1.1 %DentalPdt Image Inc. Dba Pro Dentec Canada1995-12-312009-06-15Canada flag
2080 K Ginger MintPaste0.12 g/120gDentalAekyung Industrial Co., Ltd.2016-07-07Not applicableUS flag
2080 K Herbal MintPaste0.12 g/120gDentalAekyung Industrial Co., Ltd.2016-07-07Not applicableUS flag
2080 K OriginalPaste0.12 g/120gDentalAekyung Industrial Co., Ltd.2016-07-07Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
365 Whole Foods Market Anticavity/Antigingivitis MouthwashSodium fluoride (0.1 mg/1mL) + Eucalyptol (0.92 mg/1mL) + Menthol (0.42 mg/1mL) + Methyl salicylate (0.6 mg/1mL) + Thymol (0.64 mg/1mL)MouthwashDentalWhole Foods Market, Inc.2022-01-31Not applicableUS flag
4 PackSodium fluoride (2.4 mg/1g) + Sodium fluoride (2.4 mg/1g) + Potassium nitrate (50 mg/1g) + Potassium nitrate (50 mg/1g)Kit; PasteDentalSmiletwice, Inc.2018-09-14Not applicableUS flag
4 PackSodium fluoride (2.4 mg/1g) + Sodium fluoride (2.4 mg/1g) + Potassium nitrate (50 mg/1g) + Potassium nitrate (50 mg/1g)Kit; PasteDentalSmiletwice, Inc.2018-09-14Not applicableUS flag
Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride Oral SolutionSodium fluoride (.65 %) + Hydrogen fluoride (.017 %)SolutionDentalPdt Image Inc. Dba Pro Dentec Canada1995-12-311999-07-30Canada flag
ADDAMEL INFUSION NSodium fluoride (2.1 mg) + Chromic chloride hexahydrate (53.3 mcg) + Cupric chloride dihydrate (3.4 mg) + Ferric chloride hexahydrate (5.4 mg) + Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (990 mcg) + Potassium Iodide (166 mcg) + Sodium selenite pentahydrate (105 mcg) + Sodium molybdate dihydrate (48.5 mcg) + Zinc chloride (13.6 mg)Solution, concentrateIntravenousFRESENIUS KABI COLOMBIA S.A.S.2006-11-102009-05-08Colombia flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
60 Second Fluoride GelSodium fluoride (5.6 g/454g)GelDentalDarby Dental Supply, LLC2019-08-01Not applicableUS flag
60 Second Fluoride GelSodium fluoride (5.6 g/454g)GelDentalDarby Dental Supply, LLC2019-08-01Not applicableUS flag
60 Second Fluoride GelSodium fluoride (5.6 g/454g)GelDentalDarby Dental Supply, LLC2019-08-01Not applicableUS flag
60 Second Fluoride GelSodium fluoride (5.6 g/454g)GelDentalDarby Dental Supply, LLC2019-08-01Not applicableUS flag
60 Second Fluoride GelSodium fluoride (5.6 g/454g)GelDentalDarby Dental Supply, LLC2019-08-01Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A01AA51 — Sodium fluoride, combinationsA01AA01 — Sodium fluorideA12CD01 — Sodium fluoride
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal fluorides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is fluorine, and the heaviest metal atom is an alkali metal.
Kingdom
Inorganic compounds
Super Class
Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
Class
Alkali metal salts
Sub Class
Alkali metal fluorides
Direct Parent
Alkali metal fluorides
Alternative Parents
Inorganic sodium salts
Substituents
Alkali metal fluoride / Inorganic salt / Inorganic sodium salt
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
fluoride salt (CHEBI:28741)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
  • Streptococcus mutans

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
8ZYQ1474W7
CAS number
7681-49-4
InChI Key
PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI
InChI=1S/FH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
IUPAC Name
sodium fluoride
SMILES
[F-].[Na+]

References

General References
  1. Kanduti D, Sterbenk P, Artnik B: FLUORIDE: A REVIEW OF USE AND EFFECTS ON HEALTH. Mater Sociomed. 2016 Apr;28(2):133-7. doi: 10.5455/msm.2016.28.133-137. Epub 2016 Mar 25. [Article]
  2. Peckham S, Awofeso N: Water fluoridation: a critical review of the physiological effects of ingested fluoride as a public health intervention. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014 Feb 26;2014:293019. doi: 10.1155/2014/293019. eCollection 2014. [Article]
  3. Ekstrand J, Spak CJ: Fluoride pharmacokinetics: its implications in the fluoride treatment of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 1990 Mar;5 Suppl 1:S53-61. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650051380. [Article]
  4. Whitford GM, Sampaio FC, Pinto CS, Maria AG, Cardoso VE, Buzalaf MA: Pharmacokinetics of ingested fluoride: lack of effect of chemical compound. Arch Oral Biol. 2008 Nov;53(11):1037-41. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.04.001. Epub 2008 Jun 2. [Article]
  5. Ullah R, Zafar MS, Shahani N: Potential fluoride toxicity from oral medicaments: A review. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2017 Aug;20(8):841-848. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2017.9104. [Article]
  6. Medjedovic E, Medjedovic S, Deljo D, Sukalo A: IMPACT OF FLUORIDE ON DENTAL HEALTH QUALITY. Mater Sociomed. 2015 Dec;27(6):395-8. doi: 10.5455/msm.2015.27.395-398. [Article]
  7. Buzalaf MAR, Pessan JP, Honorio HM, Ten Cate JM: Mechanisms of action of fluoride for caries control. Monogr Oral Sci. 2011;22:97-114. doi: 10.1159/000325151. Epub 2011 Jun 23. [Article]
  8. DenBesten P, Li W: Chronic fluoride toxicity: dental fluorosis. Monogr Oral Sci. 2011;22:81-96. doi: 10.1159/000327028. Epub 2011 Jun 23. [Article]
  9. Authors unspecified: The use of fluoride in infants and children. Paediatr Child Health. 2002 Oct;7(8):569-82. doi: 10.1093/pch/7.8.569. [Article]
  10. Pandit S, Kim JE, Jung KH, Chang KW, Jeon JG: Effect of sodium fluoride on the virulence factors and composition of Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Arch Oral Biol. 2011 Jul;56(7):643-9. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.12.012. Epub 2011 Jan 15. [Article]
  11. MSDS, sodium fluoride [Link]
  12. Daily med: Sodium fluoride tablet, chewable [Link]
  13. Sodium fluoride F-18 injection, DailyMed [Link]
  14. Medline NIH: Fluoride overdose information [Link]
  15. MSDS, sodium fluoride, Fisher Scientific [Link]
  16. What happens to sodium fluoride in your body? DG Health and Consumer Protection [Link]
  17. FDA Approved Drug Products: Apadaz (benzhydrocodone and acetaminophen) tablets [Link]
  18. Fluoride therapy APPD [Link]
  19. ADA guidelines on fluoride use [Link]
  20. Sodium fluoride, science direct [Link]
KEGG Compound
C08142
PubChem Compound
5235
PubChem Substance
310265207
ChemSpider
5045
BindingDB
50209223
RxNav
9873
ChEBI
28741
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1528
PharmGKB
PA451388
Wikipedia
Sodium_fluoride

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionDental0.2 %
GelDental1.1 %
PasteDental0.12 g/120g
MouthwashDental1.1 mg/1
TabletDental1.1 mg/1
Gel, dentifriceDental1.69 g/100g
GelBuccal; Dental; Topical12.3 mg/1g
GelBuccal; Dental; Topical27.73 mg/1g
GelDental12.3 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceOral5 mg/1g
LiquidDental0.02522 g/1mL
Gel, dentifriceOral11 mg/1g
SolutionDental
RinseTopical0.5 mg/1mL
MouthwashOral0.09 mg/1mL
LiquidOral0.05 %
PasteTopical1.4 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceTopical1.4 mg/1g
MouthwashTopical0.2 mg/1mL
RinseTopical0.09 mg/1mL
RinseTopical0.2 mg/1mL
MouthwashTopical0.09 mg/1mL
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous
InjectionIntravenous5.33 mcg/ml
Injection, solutionIntravenous drip
SolutionIntravenous5.33 mcg/ml
SolutionIntravenous
Paste, dentifriceDental2.4 mg/1g
Kit; paste, dentifriceDental1.5 mg/1g
MouthwashOral10.41 mg/1mL
LiquidOral0.1 mg/1mL
LiquidOral0.219 mg/1mL
LiquidOral219 mg/1mL
Gel, dentifriceDental2.5 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.22 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceOral0.187 g/85g
PasteDental2.2 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceTopical0.1 g/100g
PowderDental0.1 g/100g
SprayOral0.007 mg/35mL
LiquidTopical0.005 g/10mL
MouthwashOral.0221 mL/100L
MouthwashOral0.02 kg/100L
MouthwashOral1 mg/1mL
RinseOral.2 mg/1mL
RinseOral0.02 mg/1mL
RinseOral0.05 kg/100L
RinseOral0.5 mg/1mL
MouthwashOral.0221 kg/100L
MouthwashOral.05 kg/100L
MouthwashOral0.05 kg/100L
MouthwashOral0.2 mg/1mL
RinseDental0.46277 mg/1mL
MouthwashOral10.33 mg/1mL
PasteDental1.15 mg/1g
PasteDental1.4 mg/1g
PasteDental1.13 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceBuccal0.22 %
Paste, dentifriceDental.221 %
GelDental1.5 mg/1g
PasteDental1.1 mg/1g
PasteDental1.10 mg/1g
PasteDental1.5 mg/1g
LiquidDental0.001 mg/1mL
Gel; paste, dentifriceDental0.243 %
PasteDental.243 %
GelDental0.243 %
PasteTopical0.2 g/100g
LiquidOral0.24 g/100mL
LiquidDental2 g/1L
LiquidDental0.05 g/100mL
LiquidDental
Gel, dentifriceDental0.243 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.53 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental0.25 g/100g
PelletOral0.00066 mg/1.1mg
TabletOral9.38 mg/853mg
PasteDental0.122 g/100mL
KitDental; Oral
Gel, dentifriceDental0.1 g/100g
MouthwashOral0.0225 g/100g
GelDental4.086 g/454g
Paste, dentifriceDental1.3 mg/1g
KitDental; Topical
SuspensionOral
MouthwashOral0.905 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceDental2.35 mg/1g
MouthwashBuccal
Liquid; mouthwashBuccal
Gel, dentifriceDental; Oral0.22 g/100g
Tablet, chewableOral1.2 mg/1
Paste, dentifriceOral0.75 g/150g
Paste, dentifriceOral0.950 mg/1g
GelDental0.27 g/113.4g
GelDental0.54 g/226.8g
Gel, dentifriceDental243 mg/1g
Gel; paste, dentifriceDental0.23 %
Paste, dentifriceDental.23 %
Paste, dentifriceOral0.21 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.21 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceOral0.916 mg/1g
RinseOral0.05 g/100mL
RinseDental2.1 mg/10mL
Paste, dentifriceDental0.243 %
Paste, dentifriceDental.243 %
GelBuccal; Oral
Paste, dentifriceDental0.24 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental2.4 mg/1g
RinseDental0.1 mg/1mL
Gel, dentifriceDental1.1 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental24 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental1.4 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental1 mg/1g
RinseDental2 mg/10mL
Gel, dentifrice; kitDental
Paste, dentifriceDental3.281 mg / mL
Paste, dentifriceDental1.1 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental
Paste, dentifriceDental
Paste, dentifriceDental0.32 mg/1mL
RinseOral0.0219 g/1mL
Paste, dentifriceOral5 mg/1g
Powder, dentifriceDental1.88 mg/1g
Kit; paste, dentifriceDental1.6 mg/1g
KitDental1.5 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental1.45 g/100mL
Paste, dentifriceDental2.43 mg/100mL
Paste, dentifriceOral243 mg/1g
RinseOral0.1 mg/10mL
RinseOral2.2 mg/10mL
RinseOral0.05 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceDental1.6 mg/1g
RinseOral0.1 mg/1mL
RinseOral0.2 mg/10mL
Gel, dentifriceTopical1.5 mg/1g
RinseDental226 ug/1mL
Gel, dentifriceDental1100 ug/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental5000 ug/1g
MouthwashOral
LiquidOral0.05 g/100g
GelDental0.0272 g/1mL
Aerosol, foamDental0.0272 g/1g
PasteDental39.9 g/181.4g
PasteDental0.76 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceOral0.11 g/100g
KitDental1.6 mg/1g
Kit; pasteDental1.5 mg/1g
Tablet, chewableOral1.1 mg/1
CreamOral1.1 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceOral1.1 g/100g
GelDental; Oral2 g
GelOral1.1 g/100g
RinseOral0.05 mL/100mL
Paste, dentifriceDental0.1 g/100g
GelDental0.221 %
MouthwashDental0.02 mg/100mL
TapeDental.15 mg / 45 cm
Paste, dentifriceDental243 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.239 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.09639 g/76.5g
TabletDental1.10037 g/1
LiquidDental0.023 %
LiquidDental0.02 g/1mL
Aerosol, foamDental
GelDental0.011 mg/1mL
GelDental0.011 g/1g
RinseDental0.02 g/1mL
Paste, dentifriceDental; Oral1.1 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental0.22 g/100mL
Gel, dentifriceDental0.22 g/1000mL
LiquidDental0.02 g/100mL
PasteDental100 mg/100g
PasteDental24 mg/100mg
Gel, dentifriceOral1.1 mg/1g
PasteDental0.11 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceTopical0.001 g/0.7g
LiquidDental0.74 g/100mL
GelDental; Oral
LiquidTopical0.05 mg/250mL
LiquidTopical0.15 mg/750mL
LiquidTopical0.016 mg/80mL
Tablet, orally disintegratingDental2 mg/1g
PasteDental0.243 g/100g
PasteDental0.15 g/100g
LiquidOral0.15 g/300mL
LiquidDental2.26 %
SuspensionOral
LiquidDental50 mg/ml
Gel, dentifriceDental.24 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.16 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental199 mg/75mL
Paste, dentifriceDental110 mg/75mL
Paste, dentifriceDental320 mg/75mL
SolutionBuccal; Oral
SolutionBuccal; Oral50 mg
TabletOral0.55 mg/1
TabletOral1.1 mg/1
TabletOral2.2 mg/1
LiquidOral0.021 g/1mL
Paste, dentifriceDental0.243 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceTopical1.08 mg/1g
RinseOral0.225 mg/1mL
PasteTopical
Aerosol, foamDental1.5 mg/1mL
RinseDental.5 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceDental2.43 mg/1mL
LiquidDental0.2 mg/1mL
AerosolDental1.23 %
Aerosol, foamDental1.732 g/100g
GelDental5 mg/1mL
Tablet
Tablet
Solution / dropsOral5.56 mg/1mL
SolutionOral0.55 mg/0.6mL
TabletDental0.6552 mg/1
Tablet, chewableDental0.00145 1/1
LiquidOral2.5 mg/1mL
MouthwashOral0.05 g/100mL
SolutionOral11 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental5 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.011 g/1g
Solution / dropsOral200 mg / 28.4 mL
Paste, dentifriceTopical1.1 g/100g
Tablet, chewableOral1 mg/1
LiquidOral200 mg / 28.4 mL
LiquidOral.05 %
Tablet, delayed releaseOral20 mg
SolutionTopical
Solution / dropsOral2.21 mg / .2 mL
LiquidOral2.21 mg/.2mL
Paste, dentifriceDental0.65 mg/1g
PasteDental22 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental2.43 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental2.2 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental2 g/100g
GelDental; Oral0.34 g
LiquidDental; Topical1.23 %
Aerosol, foamDental1.125 g/125g
Aerosol, foamDental; Oral; Topical2.5 g/125g
Gel, dentifriceDental10.241 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental.22 %
Paste, dentifriceDental2.1 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceTopical2.1 mg/1g
PasteTopical1.23 %
CreamTopical
RinseDental; Topical0.5 mg/1mL
PasteOral
MouthwashDental0.08 g/100mL
Paste, dentifriceDental; Oral2.4 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceOral0.24 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.243 mg/100g
PasteDental2.5 mg/1g
MouthwashDental20 mg/100000mL
LiquidTopical0.5 %
Paste, dentifriceDental1.5 mg/1g
LiquidOral0.0022 g/11mL
AerosolDental1 %
CreamOral0.62 %
Injection, solutionIntravenous2 GBq/ml
Paste, dentifriceOral
GelDental.24 %
GelDental; Oral10.241 g/490g
GelDental; Oral6.027 g/490g
GelDental; Oral; Topical6.027 g/490g
Aerosol, foamDental; Oral; Topical1.5498 g/126g
GelDental; Oral4.41 g/490g
GelDental; Oral; Topical4.41 g/490g
LiquidDental; Oral38 g/1L
GelOral0.24 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceTopical0.243 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceTopical1.1 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceTopical1.11 g/100g
GelDental1.23 %
LiquidOral1.95 mg / mL
TabletOral1 mg / tab
GelDental0.5 %
Tablet, chewableDental0.37 mg/440mg
Paste, dentifriceDental0.265 g/100g
RinseOral.02 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceDental0.239 g / 100 g
PasteOral0.02 g/100g
RinseOral0.02 g/100mL
KitDental2.43 mg/1g
Kit; paste, dentifriceDental2.43 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceTopical0.2592 g/108g
PasteTopical0.2592 g/108g
Aerosol, foamDental12.3 mg/1g
Aerosol, foamDental27.2 mg/1g
Aerosol, foamDental0.9 mg/1g
GelDental12.3 mg/1mL
Aerosol, foamDental1.23 mg/1g
Aerosol, foamDental1.23 g/1g
PasteDental2.43 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceOral2.5 mg/1g
MouthwashOral0.1 mg/1mL
MouthwashDental0.1 mg/1mL
MouthwashOral0.221 g/1mL
SolutionBuccal; Oral22.1 mg
SolutionBuccal; Oral0.05 g
Tablet, chewableOral0.25 mg/1
Tablet, chewableOral0.5 mg/1
Tablet, chewableOral1.0 mg/1
Paste, dentifriceOral0.0015 g/1
Kit; pasteDental
Paste, dentifriceBuccal0.25 g/96g
MouthwashDental; Oral
Paste, dentifriceDental; Oral2.2 mg/1mL
Gel, dentifriceOral0.1 g/100g
GelDental2.2 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental2.2 mg/1g
PasteDental0.198 g/90g
PasteDental22 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental22 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceDental0.10 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceDental0.15 g/100g
KitDental
PasteOral0.2938 g/113g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.11 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.15 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental2 g/0.2g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.2 g/100g
PasteTopical0.24 g/100g
PasteOral2.2 mg/1g
LiquidOral0.20 mg/1mL
SolutionOral
TabletOral
Tablet, chewableOral
PowderDental1 g/1g
SolutionDental20 mg/10mL
SolutionDental2 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceDental0.0015 g/1g
MouthwashDental0.2 mg/1mL
GelOral1.428 g/120g
GelDental11.28 mg/1g
GelDental7 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental1.1 g/100g
LiquidDental; Oral2 %
LiquidTopical2 mL/100mL
GelDental0.02 g/1mL
RinseOral20 mg/1mL
RinseOral9 mg/10mL
PasteOral1.1 g/112g
Paste, dentifriceOral1.1 g/112g
RinseDental2 g/100g
Gum, chewing; kit; pasteDental; Oral
Aerosol, foamDental27.3 mg/1g
GelTopical
GelDental20 mg/1g
RinseDental20 mg/1g
GelDental25.9 mg/1g
GelTopical2 %
Capsule, liquid filledOral
SolutionIntravenous0.053 mg/10ml
Paste, dentifriceOral0.22 g/1001
RinseOral0.0154 g/770mL
LiquidOral0.06 mg/300mL
Paste, dentifriceDental1.13 mg/1g
PasteDental0.1 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceDental6 mg/1g
PasteBuccal
MouthwashOral.1 mg/1mL
MouthwashBuccal; Topical
SolutionOral12.3 mg/1g
SolutionOral0.5 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental.14 g/118g
MouthwashOral.2418 g/474mL
Paste, dentifriceTopical0.11 g/100g
LiquidBuccal; Topical0.05 %
LiquidDental500 ug/1mL
MouthwashDental2 mg/1mL
AerosolDental
AerosolDental10 mg/1g
AerosolDental9 mg/1g
GelDental11 mg/1g
Cream; paste, dentifriceTopical
SolutionOral0.05 g
Gel, dentifriceOral.15 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceOral0.15 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceOral0.15 g/100g
MouthwashOral0.15 g/100g
RinseDental
Gel, dentifriceOral4.4 mg/10mL
LiquidDental; Topical
RinseOral0.199 mg/1mL
Tablet, delayed releaseOral
Paste, dentifriceDental0.22 %
LiquidTopical
Aerosol, foamDental2.5 g/125g
GelDental; Topical11.1 mg/1mL
GelDental; Topical27.2 mg/1mL
RinseDental; Topical27.2 mg/1mL
LiquidTopical27.2 mg/1mg
GelTopical20 mg/1g
GelDental; Topical20 mg/1mL
Aerosol, foamTopical0.0272 g/1g
GelTopical11 mg/1mg
Aerosol, foamTopical.0272 mg/1g
Aerosol, foamTopical20.0 mg/1mg
GelTopical20.0 mg/1mg
GelTopical20 mg/1mg
RinseTopical20 mg/1mL
RinseTopical2 mg/1mL
RinseDental; Topical2 mg/1mL
LiquidTopical20.0 mg/1mg
RinseTopical2 mg/1g
GelTopical27.2 mg/1mg
GelTopical.02 mg/1mL
Aerosol, foamDental; Topical0.0272 g/1g
Aerosol, foamDental; Topical0.02 g/1g
MouthwashOral.2 %
LiquidDental.227 mg / mL
PasteDental0.24 g/100g
Injection, solutionIntravenous
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous; Parenteral
Injection, solution, concentrateParenteral
Solution, concentrateIntravenous
InjectionIntravenous
Paste, dentifriceOral0.243 g/100g
GelOral0.5 %
MouthwashDental1.24 %
GelDental2 %
Paste, dentifriceDental2.72 %
Paste, dentifriceDental0.24 mg/100mL
SolutionDental2 %
GelBuccal; Dental; Topical9.05 mg/1g
DiscTopical
DiscTopical0.055 mg/1
RinseDental4.42 mg/10mL
Paste, dentifriceOral0.308 g/140g
Paste, dentifriceOral0.374 g/170g
Paste, dentifriceDental; Oral0.4 mg/1g
PasteDental14 mg/1g
PasteDental24 mg/1g
PasteDental130 mg/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.14 g/100g
Suspension / dropsOral
Solution / dropsOral
Gel, dentifriceDental0.24 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental6 mg/1mL
Gel, dentifriceDental11 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental13.4 mg/1mL
Gel, dentifriceDental6.1 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceDental11 mg/1g
MouthwashDental0.9 mg/1mL
GelDental2.1 mg/1g
GelOral0.044 mL/1mL
GelOral0.2 mg/1mL
GelOral4.3 g/1g
GelOral4.3 mg/1g
GelOral44 mg/1mL
GelOral5 mg/1g
RinseOral0.9 mg/1mL
RinseOral0.946 mL/1mL
RinseOral9 mg/1mL
LiquidBuccal0.5 %
LiquidDental; Oral0.9 %
LiquidDental; Oral
PasteDental0.23 g/100g
MouthwashOral.2 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceOral1.1 g/100g
LiquidOral0.02 g/100mL
Gel, dentifriceDental0.07 g/28.35g
Aerosol, foamDental1.5375 g/125g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.23 g/100g
MouthwashDental0.05 g/100mL
PasteDental0.22 g/100g
GelDental0.24 %
TapeDental0.15 mg / 45 cm
Paste, dentifriceOral2.43 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceOral24.3 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceOral1.5 mg/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental0.22 g/100g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.242 g/110g
PasteDental0.4 g/100g
Aerosol, foamDental; Oral; Topical0.0123 g/1mL
GelDental; Oral; Topical0.02 g/1mL
MouthwashDental0.11 g/100mL
GelDental
Paste, dentifriceTopical
PasteOral1.5 mg/1g
MouthwashOral0.2 mg/1L
CreamDental5 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceOral0.0905 g/100g
FilmDental20 mg/1
GelDental10.241 g/100g
GelDental4.41 g/100g
PasteDental2.4 mg/100g
LiquidDental0.05 mg/100g
Paste, dentifriceTopical2.4 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.0024 g/1g
LiquidOral0.5 mg/1mL
LiquidOral0.2 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceOral2.4 mg/1g
RinseOral0.2 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceDental5 mg/1mL
CreamOral0.22 g/100g
SolutionOral0.2 mg/1mL
Solution / dropsOral0.5 mg/1mL
GelDental5 mg/1g
PasteDental6 mg/1mL
TabletOral0.25 mg/1
TabletOral0.5 mg/1
TabletOral1 mg/1
LiquidOral6.9 mg / mL
TabletOral2.21 mg
LiquidDental.25 mg / drop
LiquidTopical0.02 g/100mL
MouthwashDental0.02 g/100mL
GelDental0.597 g/120g
ConcentrateDental1702.5 mg/113.5mL
Paste, dentifriceDental0.24 g/100g
LiquidOral0.50 mg/1mL
Kit; liquid; pasteDental; Oral
Gel; kit; liquid; pasteDental; Oral
Gel, dentifriceDental1.5 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.28 g/113g
Paste, dentifriceDental1.1 g/100g
PasteDental1 mg/1g
MouthwashOral0.02 g/100mL
TabletOral0.22 1/1
Gel, dentifriceDental5 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.33 g/133g
PasteDental1.23 %
PasteDental0.243 %
LiquidTopical0.1 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceOral1.25 mg/1mL
Paste, dentifriceDental0.2430 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceTopical0.0002 g/251
RinseOral0.005 mg/10mL
Paste, dentifriceOral0.0024 g/1g
RinseOral0.0005 g/1g
Gel, dentifriceDental24 mg/10g
Paste, dentifriceDental243 mg/100mL
TabletOral0.7 mg/1.54mg
Gel, dentifriceDental0.00243 g/1g
RinseDental0.2 mg/1mL
Gel, dentifriceDental1.4 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.00243 g/1g
PasteTopical0.06804 g/28g
PowderDental0.24 g/100g
GelDental5.6 g/454g
Aerosol, foamDental0.02 g/1g
Aerosol, foamTopical123 mg/1g
AerosolDental0.9 %
LiquidDental0.08 g/100mL
RinseDental0.1 mg/20mL
Injection, solutionParenteral
LiquidOral
Paste, dentifriceDental0.243 mg/1g
Aerosol, foamDental1.23 g/100g
MouthwashOral0.001 g/10mL
Tablet, chewableDental0.62 mg/1
Tablet, chewableDental0.45 mg/312mg
Tablet, chewableDental0.62 mg/312mg
Paste, dentifriceDental2.43 mg/1g
PasteDental
Paste, dentifriceDental0.10 g/100g
Gel, dentifriceDental; Oral11 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental2.0 mg/1g
KitOral
PasteDental2.4 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceTopical1 mg/1g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.243 g/100mL
MouthwashDental
PasteTopical0.26244 g/108g
Paste, dentifriceDental0.24 %
LiquidBuccal; Oral0.0002 %
MouthwashOral0.559 mg/1mL
PasteOral0.0028 g/1g
MouthwashOral0.5 mg/1mL
Aerosol, foamDental2.72 g/100g
Solution / dropsOral
Solution / dropsOral1.14 MG/ML
Tablet0.25 mg
Tablet1 mg
Gel
Tablet, chewableOral0.25 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US8323683No2012-12-042028-04-30US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)993http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0951.htm
boiling point (°C)1700http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0951.htm
water solubility4g/100mLhttp://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0951.htm
pKa3.17http://foodb.ca/compounds/FDB015440
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP0.15Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.17Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area0 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity0.87 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability0.44 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-109.705154
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+111.4721
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+118.564766
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Small molecule
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
References
  1. Buzalaf MAR, Pessan JP, Honorio HM, Ten Cate JM: Mechanisms of action of fluoride for caries control. Monogr Oral Sci. 2011;22:97-114. doi: 10.1159/000325151. Epub 2011 Jun 23. [Article]
  2. Ullah R, Zafar MS, Shahani N: Potential fluoride toxicity from oral medicaments: A review. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2017 Aug;20(8):841-848. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2017.9104. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Magnesium ion binding
Specific Function
Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the enolization of 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P) into the intermediate 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate (HK-MTPenyl-1-P)...
Gene Name
ENOPH1
Uniprot ID
Q9UHY7
Uniprot Name
Enolase-phosphatase E1
Molecular Weight
28932.44 Da
References
  1. Qin J, Chai G, Brewer JM, Lovelace LL, Lebioda L: Fluoride inhibition of enolase: crystal structure and thermodynamics. Biochemistry. 2006 Jan 24;45(3):793-800. doi: 10.1021/bi051558s. [Article]
  2. Gupta S, Kaur H: Inhibition of Glycolysis for Glucose Estimation in Plasma: Recent Guidelines and their Implications. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2014 Apr;29(2):262-4. doi: 10.1007/s12291-013-0405-1. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Streptococcus mutans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate. It is essential for the degradation of carbohydrates via glycolysis.
Specific Function
Magnesium ion binding
Gene Name
eno
Uniprot ID
A0A448RWU9
Uniprot Name
Enolase
Molecular Weight
46801.075 Da
References
  1. Marsh PD, Bradshaw DJ: The effect of fluoride on the stability of oral bacterial communities in vitro. J Dent Res. 1990 Feb;69 Spec No:668-71; discussion 682-3. doi: 10.1177/00220345900690S129. [Article]
  2. Yasuda K, Hsu T, Gallini CA, Mclver LJ, Schwager E, Shi A, DuLong CR, Schwager RN, Abu-Ali GS, Franzosa EA, Garrett WS, Huttenhower C, Morgan XC: Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice. mSystems. 2017 Aug 8;2(4). pii: mSystems00047-17. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00047-17. eCollection 2017 Jul-Aug. [Article]
  3. Guha-Chowdhury N, Clark AG, Sissons CH: Inhibition of purified enolases from oral bacteria by fluoride. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1997 Apr;12(2):91-7. [Article]
  4. Walter J. Loesche (1996). Medical microbiology (4th ed.). : University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
Kind
Protein
Organism
Lactobacillus casei (strain BL23)
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate. It is essential for the degradation of carbohydrates via glycolysis.
Specific Function
Magnesium ion binding
Gene Name
eno
Uniprot ID
B3WCW7
Uniprot Name
Enolase
Molecular Weight
47110.665 Da
References
  1. Marsh PD, Bradshaw DJ: The effect of fluoride on the stability of oral bacterial communities in vitro. J Dent Res. 1990 Feb;69 Spec No:668-71; discussion 682-3. doi: 10.1177/00220345900690S129. [Article]
  2. Yasuda K, Hsu T, Gallini CA, Mclver LJ, Schwager E, Shi A, DuLong CR, Schwager RN, Abu-Ali GS, Franzosa EA, Garrett WS, Huttenhower C, Morgan XC: Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice. mSystems. 2017 Aug 8;2(4). pii: mSystems00047-17. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00047-17. eCollection 2017 Jul-Aug. [Article]
  3. Walter J. Loesche (1996). Medical microbiology (4th ed.). : University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
Kind
Protein
Organism
Streptococcus sanguinis (strain SK36)
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate. It is essential for the degradation of carbohydrates via glycolysis.
Specific Function
Magnesium ion binding
Gene Name
eno
Uniprot ID
A3CMA7
Uniprot Name
Enolase
Molecular Weight
47029.465 Da
References
  1. Yasuda K, Hsu T, Gallini CA, Mclver LJ, Schwager E, Shi A, DuLong CR, Schwager RN, Abu-Ali GS, Franzosa EA, Garrett WS, Huttenhower C, Morgan XC: Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice. mSystems. 2017 Aug 8;2(4). pii: mSystems00047-17. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00047-17. eCollection 2017 Jul-Aug. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Streptococcus salivarius
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate. It is essential for the degradation of carbohydrates via glycolysis.
Specific Function
Magnesium ion binding
Gene Name
eno
Uniprot ID
A0A1C7C740
Uniprot Name
Enolase
Molecular Weight
46760.005 Da
References
  1. Yasuda K, Hsu T, Gallini CA, Mclver LJ, Schwager E, Shi A, DuLong CR, Schwager RN, Abu-Ali GS, Franzosa EA, Garrett WS, Huttenhower C, Morgan XC: Fluoride Depletes Acidogenic Taxa in Oral but Not Gut Microbial Communities in Mice. mSystems. 2017 Aug 8;2(4). pii: mSystems00047-17. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00047-17. eCollection 2017 Jul-Aug. [Article]
  2. Guha-Chowdhury N, Clark AG, Sissons CH: Inhibition of purified enolases from oral bacteria by fluoride. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1997 Apr;12(2):91-7. [Article]

Drug created at November 17, 2015 18:36 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48