Alpha-2-macroglobulin

Details

Synonyms

Alpha-2-M
C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin domain-containing protein 5
CPAMD5

Gene Name

A2M

Organism

Humans

Amino acid sequence

>lcl|BSEQ0037100|Alpha-2-macroglobulin
MGKNKLLHPSLVLLLLVLLPTDASVSGKPQYMVLVPSLLHTETTEKGCVLLSYLNETVTV
SASLESVRGNRSLFTDLEAENDVLHCVAFAVPKSSSNEEVMFLTVQVKGPTQEFKKRTTV
MVKNEDSLVFVQTDKSIYKPGQTVKFRVVSMDENFHPLNELIPLVYIQDPKGNRIAQWQS
FQLEGGLKQFSFPLSSEPFQGSYKVVVQKKSGGRTEHPFTVEEFVLPKFEVQVTVPKIIT
ILEEEMNVSVCGLYTYGKPVPGHVTVSICRKYSDASDCHGEDSQAFCEKFSGQLNSHGCF
YQQVKTKVFQLKRKEYEMKLHTEAQIQEEGTVVELTGRQSSEITRTITKLSFVKVDSHFR
QGIPFFGQVRLVDGKGVPIPNKVIFIRGNEANYYSNATTDEHGLVQFSINTTNVMGTSLT
VRVNYKDRSPCYGYQWVSEEHEEAHHTAYLVFSPSKSFVHLEPMSHELPCGHTQTVQAHY
ILNGGTLLGLKKLSFYYLIMAKGGIVRTGTHGLLVKQEDMKGHFSISIPVKSDIAPVARL
LIYAVLPTGDVIGDSAKYDVENCLANKVDLSFSPSQSLPASHAHLRVTAAPQSVCALRAV
DQSVLLMKPDAELSASSVYNLLPEKDLTGFPGPLNDQDNEDCINRHNVYINGITYTPVSS
TNEKDMYSFLEDMGLKAFTNSKIRKPKMCPQLQQYEMHGPEGLRVGFYESDVMGRGHARL
VHVEEPHTETVRKYFPETWIWDLVVVNSAGVAEVGVTVPDTITEWKAGAFCLSEDAGLGI
SSTASLRAFQPFFVELTMPYSVIRGEAFTLKATVLNYLPKCIRVSVQLEASPAFLAVPVE
KEQAPHCICANGRQTVSWAVTPKSLGNVNFTVSAEALESQELCGTEVPSVPEHGRKDTVI
KPLLVEPEGLEKETTFNSLLCPSGGEVSEELSLKLPPNVVEESARASVSVLGDILGSAMQ
NTQNLLQMPYGCGEQNMVLFAPNIYVLDYLNETQQLTPEIKSKAIGYLNTGYQRQLNYKH
YDGSYSTFGERYGRNQGNTWLTAFVLKTFAQARAYIFIDEAHITQALIWLSQRQKDNGCF
RSSGSLLNNAIKGGVEDEVTLSAYITIALLEIPLTVTHPVVRNALFCLESAWKTAQEGDH
GSHVYTKALLAYAFALAGNQDKRKEVLKSLNEEAVKKDNSVHWERPQKPKAPVGHFYEPQ
APSAEVEMTSYVLLAYLTAQPAPTSEDLTSATNIVKWITKQQNAQGGFSSTQDTVVALHA
LSKYGAATFTRTGKAAQVTIQSSGTFSSKFQVDNNNRLLLQQVSLPELPGEYSMKVTGEG
CVYLQTSLKYNILPEKEEFPFALGVQTLPQTCDEPKAHTSFQISLSVSYTGSRSASNMAI
VDVKMVSGFIPLKPTVKMLERSNHVSRTEVSSNHVLIYLDKVSNQTLSLFFTVLQDVPVR
DLKPAIVKVYDYYETDEFAIAEYNAPCSKDLGNA

Number of residues

1474

Molecular Weight

163289.945

Theoretical pI

6.39

GO Classification

Functions

calcium-dependent protein binding / enzyme binding / growth factor binding / interleukin-1 binding / interleukin-8 binding / protease binding / receptor binding / serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity / tumor necrosis factor binding

Processes

blood coagulation / blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway / extracellular matrix disassembly / extracellular matrix organization / negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway / negative regulation of endopeptidase activity / platelet activation / platelet degranulation / regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction / small GTPase mediated signal transduction / stem cell differentiation

Components

blood microparticle / cytosol / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / platelet alpha granule lumen

General Function

Tumor necrosis factor binding

Specific Function

Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases. When a proteinase cleaves the bait region, a conformational change is induced in the protein which traps the proteinase. The entrapped enzyme remains active against low molecular weight substrates (activity against high molecular weight substrates is greatly reduced). Following cleavage in the bait region a thioester bond is hydrolyzed and mediates the covalent binding of the protein to the proteinase.

Pfam Domain Function

A2M (PF00207)
A2M_comp (PF07678)
A2M_N (PF01835)
A2M_N_2 (PF07703)
A2M_recep (PF07677)
Thiol-ester_cl (PF10569)

Transmembrane Regions

Not Available

Cellular Location

Secreted

Gene sequence

>lcl|BSEQ0019028|Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M)
ATGGGGAAGAACAAACTCCTTCATCCAAGTCTGGTTCTTCTCCTCTTGGTCCTCCTGCCC
ACAGACGCCTCAGTCTCTGGAAAACCGCAGTATATGGTTCTGGTCCCCTCCCTGCTCCAC
ACTGAGACCACTGAGAAGGGCTGTGTCCTTCTGAGCTACCTGAATGAGACAGTGACTGTA
AGTGCTTCCTTGGAGTCTGTCAGGGGAAACAGGAGCCTCTTCACTGACCTGGAGGCGGAG
AATGACGTACTCCACTGTGTCGCCTTCGCTGTCCCAAAGTCTTCATCCAATGAGGAGGTA
ATGTTCCTCACTGTCCAAGTGAAAGGACCAACCCAAGAATTTAAGAAGCGGACCACAGTG
ATGGTTAAGAACGAGGACAGTCTGGTCTTTGTCCAGACAGACAAATCAATCTACAAACCA
GGGCAGACAGTGAAATTTCGTGTTGTCTCCATGGATGAAAACTTTCACCCCCTGAATGAG
TTGATTCCACTAGTATACATTCAGGATCCCAAAGGAAATCGCATCGCACAATGGCAGAGT
TTCCAGTTAGAGGGTGGCCTCAAGCAATTTTCTTTTCCCCTCTCATCAGAGCCCTTCCAG
GGCTCCTACAAGGTGGTGGTACAGAAGAAATCAGGTGGAAGGACAGAGCACCCTTTCACC
GTGGAGGAATTTGTTCTTCCCAAGTTTGAAGTACAAGTAACAGTGCCAAAGATAATCACC
ATCTTGGAAGAAGAGATGAATGTATCAGTGTGTGGCCTATACACATATGGGAAGCCTGTC
CCTGGACATGTGACTGTGAGCATTTGCAGAAAGTATAGTGACGCTTCCGACTGCCACGGT
GAAGATTCACAGGCTTTCTGTGAGAAATTCAGTGGACAGCTAAACAGCCATGGCTGCTTC
TATCAGCAAGTAAAAACCAAGGTCTTCCAGCTGAAGAGGAAGGAGTATGAAATGAAACTT
CACACTGAGGCCCAGATCCAAGAAGAAGGAACAGTGGTGGAATTGACTGGAAGGCAGTCC
AGTGAAATCACAAGAACCATAACCAAACTCTCATTTGTGAAAGTGGACTCACACTTTCGA
CAGGGAATTCCCTTCTTTGGGCAGGTGCGCCTAGTAGATGGGAAAGGCGTCCCTATACCA
AATAAAGTCATATTCATCAGAGGAAATGAAGCAAACTATTACTCCAATGCTACCACGGAT
GAGCATGGCCTTGTACAGTTCTCTATCAACACCACCAATGTTATGGGTACCTCTCTTACT
GTTAGGGTCAATTACAAGGATCGTAGTCCCTGTTACGGCTACCAGTGGGTGTCAGAAGAA
CACGAAGAGGCACATCACACTGCTTATCTTGTGTTCTCCCCAAGCAAGAGCTTTGTCCAC
CTTGAGCCCATGTCTCATGAACTACCCTGTGGCCATACTCAGACAGTCCAGGCACATTAT
ATTCTGAATGGAGGCACCCTGCTGGGGCTGAAGAAGCTCTCCTTCTATTATCTGATAATG
GCAAAGGGAGGCATTGTCCGAACTGGGACTCATGGACTGCTTGTGAAGCAGGAAGACATG
AAGGGCCATTTTTCCATCTCAATCCCTGTGAAGTCAGACATTGCTCCTGTCGCTCGGTTG
CTCATCTATGCTGTTTTACCTACCGGGGACGTGATTGGGGATTCTGCAAAATATGATGTT
GAAAATTGTCTGGCCAACAAGGTGGATTTGAGCTTCAGCCCATCACAAAGTCTCCCAGCC
TCACACGCCCACCTGCGAGTCACAGCGGCTCCTCAGTCCGTCTGCGCCCTCCGTGCTGTG
GACCAAAGCGTGCTGCTCATGAAGCCTGATGCTGAGCTCTCGGCGTCCTCGGTTTACAAC
CTGCTACCAGAAAAGGACCTCACTGGCTTCCCTGGGCCTTTGAATGACCAGGACGATGAA
GACTGCATCAATCGTCATAATGTCTATATTAATGGAATCACATATACTCCAGTATCAAGT
ACAAATGAAAAGGATATGTACAGCTTCCTAGAGGACATGGGCTTAAAGGCATTCACCAAC
TCAAAGATTCGTAAACCCAAAATGTGTCCACAGCTTCAACAGTATGAAATGCATGGACCT
GAAGGTCTACGTGTAGGTTTTTATGAGTCAGATGTAATGGGAAGAGGCCATGCACGCCTG
GTGCATGTTGAAGAGCCTCACACGGAGACCGTACGAAAGTACTTCCCTGAGACATGGATC
TGGGATTTGGTGGTGGTAAACTCAGCAGGTGTGGCTGAGGTAGGAGTAACAGTCCCTGAC
ACCATCACCGAGTGGAAGGCAGGGGCCTTCTGCCTGTCTGAAGATGCTGGACTTGGTATC
TCTTCCACTGCCTCTCTCCGAGCCTTCCAGCCCTTCTTTGTGGAGCTCACAATGCCTTAC
TCTGTGATTCGTGGAGAGGCCTTCACACTCAAGGCCACGGTCCTAAACTACCTTCCCAAA
TGCATCCGGGTCAGTGTGCAGCTGGAAGCCTCTCCCGCCTTCCTAGCTGTCCCAGTGGAG
AAGGAACAAGCGCCTCACTGCATCTGTGCAAACGGGCGGCAAACTGTGTCCTGGGCAGTA
ACCCCAAAGTCATTAGGAAATGTGAATTTCACTGTGAGCGCAGAGGCACTAGAGTCTCAA
GAGCTGTGTGGGACTGAGGTGCCTTCAGTTCCTGAACACGGAAGGAAAGACACAGTCATC
AAGCCTCTGTTGGTTGAACCTGAAGGACTAGAGAAGGAAACAACATTCAACTCCCTACTT
TGTCCATCAGGTGGTGAGGTTTCTGAAGAATTATCCCTGAAACTGCCACCAAATGTGGTA
GAAGAATCTGCCCGAGCTTCTGTCTCAGTTTTGGGAGACATATTAGGCTCTGCCATGCAA
AACACACAAAATCTTCTCCAGATGCCCTATGGCTGTGGAGAGCAGAATATGGTCCTCTTT
GCTCCTAACATCTATGTACTGGATTATCTAAATGAAACACAGCAGCTTACTCCAGAGATC
AAGTCCAAGGCCATTGGCTATCTCAACACTGGTTACCAGAGACAGTTGAACTACAAACAC
TATGATGGCTCCTACAGCACCTTTGGGGAGCGATATGGCAGGAACCAGGGCAACACCTGG
CTCACAGCCTTTGTTCTGAAGACTTTTGCCCAAGCTCGAGCCTACATCTTCATCGATGAA
GCACACATTACCCAAGCCCTCATATGGCTCTCCCAGAGGCAGAAGGACAATGGCTGTTTC
AGGAGCTCTGGGTCACTGCTCAACAATGCCATAAAGGGAGGAGTAGAAGATGAAGTGACC
CTCTCCGCCTATATCACCATCGCCCTTCTGGAGATTCCTCTCACAGTCACTCACCCTGTT
GTCCGCAATGCCCTGTTTTGCCTGGAGTCAGCCTGGAAGACAGCACAAGAAGGGGACCAT
GGCAGCCATGTATATACCAAAGCACTGCTGGCCTATGCTTTTGCCCTGGCAGGTAACCAG
GACAAGAGGAAGGAAGTACTCAAGTCACTTAATGAGGAAGCTGTGAAGAAAGACAACTCT
GTCCATTGGGAGCGCCCTCAGAAACCCAAGGCACCAGTGGGGCATTTTTACGAACCCCAG
GCTCCCTCTGCTGAGGTGGAGATGACATCCTATGTGCTCCTCGCTTATCTCACGGCCCAG
CCAGCCCCAACCTCGGAGGACCTGACCTCTGCAACCAACATCGTGAAGTGGATCACGAAG
CAGCAGAATGCCCAGGGCGGTTTCTCCTCCACCCAGGACACAGTGGTGGCTCTCCATGCT
CTGTCCAAATATGGAGCAGCCACATTTACCAGGACTGGGAAGGCTGCACAGGTGACTATC
CAGTCTTCAGGGACATTTTCCAGCAAATTCCAAGTGGACAACAACAACCGCCTGTTACTG
CAGCAGGTCTCATTGCCAGAGCTGCCTGGGGAATACAGCATGAAAGTGACAGGAGAAGGA
TGTGTCTACCTCCAGACATCCTTGAAATACAATATTCTCCCAGAAAAGGAAGAGTTCCCC
TTTGCTTTAGGAGTGCAGACTCTGCCTCAAACTTGTGATGAACCCAAAGCCCACACCAGC
TTCCAAATCTCCCTAAGTGTCAGTTACACAGGGAGCCGCTCTGCCTCCAACATGGCGATC
GTTGATGTGAAGATGGTCTCTGGCTTCATTCCCCTGAAGCCAACAGTGAAAATGCTTGAA
AGATCTAACCATGTGAGCCGGACAGAAGTCAGCAGCAACCATGTCTTGATTTACCTTGAT
AAGGTGTCAAATCAGACACTGAGCTTGTTCTTCACGGTTCTGCAAGATGTCCCAGTAAGA
GATCTGAAACCAGCCATAGTGAAAGTCTATGATTACTACGAGACGGATGAGTTTGCAATT
GCTGAGTACAATGCTCCTTGCAGCAAAGATCTTGGAAATGCTTGA

Chromosome Location

Locus

12p13.3-p12.3

External Identifiers

Resource	Link
UniProtKB ID	P01023
UniProtKB Entry Name	A2MG_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID	177870
GenBank Gene ID	M11313
GenAtlas ID	A2M
HGNC ID	HGNC:7

General References

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Matthijs G, Devriendt K, Cassiman JJ, Van den Berghe H, Marynen P: Structure of the human alpha-2 macroglobulin gene and its promotor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 30;184(2):596-603. [Article]
Sottrup-Jensen L, Stepanik TM, Kristensen T, Wierzbicki DM, Jones CM, Lonblad PB, Magnusson S, Petersen TE: Primary structure of human alpha 2-macroglobulin. V. The complete structure. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jul 10;259(13):8318-27. [Article]
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Drug Relations

Drug Relations

DrugBank ID	Name	Drug group	Pharmacological action?	Actions	Details
DB00626	Bacitracin	approved, vet_approved	unknown	inhibitor	Details
DB00102	Becaplermin	approved, investigational	unknown		Details
DB08888	Ocriplasmin	approved	no	ligand	Details
DB09130	Copper	approved, investigational	no	binder	Details
DB06796	Mangafodipir	approved, investigational, withdrawn	unknown	binder	Details
DB00515	Cisplatin	approved	unknown		Details
DB01593	Zinc	approved, investigational	unknown		Details
DB12965	Silver	approved, investigational	unknown	binder	Details
DB14487	Zinc acetate	approved, investigational	unknown		Details
DB14533	Zinc chloride	approved, investigational	unknown	ligand	Details
DB14548	Zinc sulfate, unspecified form	approved, experimental	unknown	ligand	Details
DB17449	Anacaulase	approved, investigational	unknown	binder	Details