Desflurane - DrugBank

ID Pharmacology Interactions References Trials Economics Properties Spectra Taxonomy

Targets (7)Carriers (1)

Targets (7)Carriers (1)Biointeractions (7)

Identification

Name

Desflurane

Accession Number

DB01189 (APRD00907)

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Description

Desflurane is a highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether used for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Volatile agents such as desflurane may activate GABA channels and hyperpolarize cell membranes. In addition, they may inhibit certain calcium channels and therefore prevent release of neurotransmitters and inhibit glutamate channels. Volatile anesthetics easily partition into cellular membranes and could expand the volume of the cell membrane and subsequently distort channels necessary for sodium ion flux and the development of action potentials necessary for synaptic transmission. Desflurane preconditions human myocardium against ischemia through activation of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels, adenosine A1 receptor, and alpha and beta adrenoceptors.

Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

(+-)-2-Difluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether

1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoro-2-(difluoromethoxy)ethane

Desflurane

Desflurano

Desfluranum

Difluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether

External IDs

Not Available

Product Ingredients

Not Available

Approved Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Suprane	Liquid	100 %	Respiratory (inhalation)	Baxter Laboratories	1996-12-23	Not applicable	Canada
Suprane	Liquid	240 mL/240mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Baxter Laboratories	1992-09-18	Not applicable	US
Suprane	Liquid	240 mL/240mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Baxter Laboratories	1992-09-18	Not applicable	US
Suprane	Liquid	240 mL/240mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	General Injectables & Vaccines	2012-04-25	Not applicable	US
Suprane	Liquid	240 mL/240mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Baxter Laboratories	1992-09-18	Not applicable	US

Approved Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Desflurane	Liquid	1 mL/mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Piramal Critical Care Inc	2017-01-01	Not applicable	US

Approved Over the Counter Products

Not Available

Unapproved/Other Products

Not Available

International Brands

Name	Company
Suprane	Not Available

Brand mixtures

Not Available

Categories

UNII

CRS35BZ94Q

CAS number

57041-67-5

Weight

Average: 168.0378
Monoisotopic: 168.000983916

Chemical Formula

C₃H₂F₆O

InChI Key

DPYMFVXJLLWWEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C3H2F6O/c4-1(3(7,8)9)10-2(5)6/h1-2H

IUPAC Name

2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane

SMILES

FC(F)OC(F)C(F)(F)F

Pharmacology

Indication

For use as an inhalation agent for induction and/or maintenance of anesthesia for inpatient and outpatient surgery in adults.

Structured Indications

Not Available

Pharmacodynamics

Desflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic. It induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability. It does so by decreasing the extent of gap junction mediated cell-cell coupling and altering the activity of the channels that underlie the action potential.

Mechanism of action

Desflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Desflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Desflurane also binds to and agonizes the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glycine receptors, and antagonizes the glutamate receptors.

Target	Kind	Pharmacological action	Actions	Organism	UniProt ID
GABA-A receptor (anion channel)	Protein group	yes	positive allosteric modulator	Human	not applicable	details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	Protein	yes	agonist	Human	P23415	details
Glutamate receptor 1	Protein	yes	antagonist	Human	P42261	details
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	Protein	yes	inducer	Human	Q09470	details
Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1	Protein	yes	inhibitor	Human	P98194	details
ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial	Protein	unknown	other/unknown	Human	P30049	details
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1	Protein	unknown	unknown	Human	P03886	details

Absorption

Rapidly absorbed into the circulation via the lungs following inhalation.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Minimally biotransformed in the liver in humans (approximately 0.02% of the quantity absorbed).

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Toxicity

Not Available

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Interacting Gene/Enzyme	Allele name	Genotype(s)	Defining Change(s)	Type(s)	Description	Details
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	---	Not Available	c.3257G>A / c.520C>T	ADR Inferred	Malignant hyperthermia.	Details
Ryanodine receptor 1	---	Not Available	c.103T>C / c.487C>T … show all	ADR Inferred	Malignant hyperthermia.	Details

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction	Drug group
7-Nitroindazole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with 7-Nitroindazole.	Experimental
Acebutolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acebutolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Acepromazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Acepromazine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Aceprometazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Aceprometazine.	Approved
Acetazolamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Acetazolamide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Adipiplon	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with adipiplon.	Investigational
Agomelatine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Agomelatine.	Approved, Investigational
Aldesleukin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Alfaxalone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Alfaxalone.	Vet Approved
Alfentanil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alfentanil is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Aliskiren	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aliskiren is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Allopregnanolone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Sage 547.	Investigational
Alphacetylmethadol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Alphacetylmethadol.	Experimental, Illicit
Alprazolam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alprazolam is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit, Investigational
Amifostine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amifostine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Amiloride	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amiloride is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Amiodarone	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Amiodarone.	Approved, Investigational
Amisulpride	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Amisulpride.	Approved, Investigational
Amitriptyline	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Amitriptyline.	Approved
Amlodipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amlodipine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Amobarbital	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Amobarbital.	Approved, Illicit
Amoxapine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Amoxapine.	Approved
Amperozide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Amperozide.	Experimental
Amphotericin B	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amphotericin B is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Amyl Nitrite	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amyl Nitrite is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Anagrelide	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Anagrelide.	Approved
Apomorphine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apomorphine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Apraclonidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Apraclonidine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Aripiprazole	Aripiprazole may increase the hypotensive activities of Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Arotinolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Arotinolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Arsenic trioxide	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Arsenic trioxide.	Approved, Investigational
Artemether	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Artemether.	Approved
Articaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Articaine.	Approved
Asenapine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Asenapine.	Approved
Atenolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Atenolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Atracurium besylate	Desflurane may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Atracurium besylate.	Approved
Azaperone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Azaperone.	Vet Approved
Azelastine	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Azelastine.	Approved
Azelastine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Azelastine.	Approved
Azilsartan medoxomil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Azilsartan medoxomil is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Azithromycin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Azithromycin.	Approved
Baclofen	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Baclofen.	Approved
Barbexaclone	Barbexaclone may increase the hypotensive activities of Desflurane.	Experimental
Barbital	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Barbital.	Illicit
Barnidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Barnidipine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Bedaquiline	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Bedaquiline.	Approved
Benazepril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benazepril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Bendroflumethiazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bendroflumethiazide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Benperidol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Benperidol.	Investigational
Benzocaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzocaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Benzyl alcohol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Benzyl alcohol.	Approved
Bepridil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bepridil is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Withdrawn
Betaxolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Betaxolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Bisoprolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bisoprolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Bortezomib	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bortezomib is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Bretylium	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bretylium is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Brexpiprazole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Brexpiprazole.	Approved
Brimonidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Brimonidine.	Approved
Brimonidine	Brimonidine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved
Bromazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Bromazepam.	Approved, Illicit
Bromocriptine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bromocriptine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Brompheniramine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Brompheniramine.	Approved
Brotizolam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Brotizolam.	Approved, Withdrawn
Bumetanide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bumetanide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Bupivacaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bupivacaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Buprenorphine	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Buprenorphine.	Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved
Buspirone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Buspirone is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Butabarbital	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Butabarbital is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Butacaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Butacaine.	Vet Approved
Butalbital	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Butalbital.	Approved, Illicit
Butamben	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Butamben.	Approved
Butethal	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Butethal.	Approved, Illicit
Butorphanol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Butorphanol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit, Vet Approved
Canagliflozin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Canagliflozin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Candesartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Candesartan is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Captopril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Captopril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Carbamazepine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carbamazepine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Carbetocin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carbetocin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Carbinoxamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Carbinoxamine.	Approved
Carfentanil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Carfentanil.	Illicit, Vet Approved
Carisoprodol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Carisoprodol.	Approved
Carteolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carteolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Carvedilol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Carvedilol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Ceritinib	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ceritinib.	Approved
Cetirizine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Cetirizine.	Approved
Chloral hydrate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Chloral hydrate.	Approved, Illicit, Vet Approved
Chlordiazepoxide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlordiazepoxide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Chlormezanone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlormezanone is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Withdrawn
Chloroprocaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloroprocaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Chloroquine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Chloroquine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Chlorothiazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorothiazide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Chlorphenamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Chlorphenamine.	Approved
Chlorpromazine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Chlorpromazine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Chlorprothixene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Chlorprothixene.	Approved, Withdrawn
Chlorthalidone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chlorthalidone is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Chlorzoxazone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Chlorzoxazone.	Approved
Cilazapril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cilazapril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Cilnidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cilnidipine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Cinchocaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cinchocaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Ciprofloxacin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ciprofloxacin.	Approved, Investigational
Cisapride	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Cisapride.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Citalopram	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Citalopram.	Approved
Clarithromycin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Clarithromycin.	Approved
Clemastine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Clemastine.	Approved
Clevidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clevidipine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Clidinium	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Clidinium.	Approved
Clobazam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Clobazam.	Approved, Illicit
Clofarabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clofarabine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
clomethiazole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with clomethiazole.	Investigational
Clomipramine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Clomipramine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Clonazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Clonazepam.	Approved, Illicit
Clonidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Clonidine.	Approved
Clorazepate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Clorazepate is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Clozapine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Clozapine.	Approved
Cocaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cocaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Codeine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Codeine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Conivaptan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Conivaptan is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Crizotinib	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Crizotinib.	Approved
Cyclizine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Cyclizine.	Approved
Cyclobenzaprine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cyclobenzaprine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Cyproheptadine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Cyproheptadine.	Approved
Dantrolene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Dantrolene.	Approved
Dapagliflozin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dapagliflozin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Dapiprazole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dapiprazole is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Dapoxetine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Dapoxetine.	Investigational
Deramciclane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with deramciclane.	Investigational
Desipramine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Desipramine.	Approved
Desloratadine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Desloratadine.	Approved, Investigational
Desvenlafaxine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Desvenlafaxine.	Approved
Detomidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Detomidine.	Vet Approved
Dexbrompheniramine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Dexbrompheniramine.	Approved
Dexmedetomidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dexmedetomidine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Dextromoramide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Dextromoramide.	Experimental, Illicit
Dextropropoxyphene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dextropropoxyphene is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit, Withdrawn
Dezocine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Dezocine.	Approved
Diazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diazepam is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit, Vet Approved
Diclofenamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diclofenamide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Difenoxin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Difenoxin.	Approved, Illicit
Dihydrocodeine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Dihydrocodeine.	Approved, Illicit
Dihydroetorphine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Dihydroetorphine.	Experimental, Illicit
Dihydromorphine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Dihydromorphine.	Experimental, Illicit
Diltiazem	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diltiazem is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Dimenhydrinate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Dimenhydrinate.	Approved
Dinutuximab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dinutuximab is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Diphenhydramine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diphenhydramine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Diphenoxylate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diphenoxylate is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Dipyridamole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dipyridamole is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Disopyramide	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Disopyramide.	Approved
Dofetilide	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Dofetilide.	Approved
Dolasetron	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Dolasetron.	Approved
Domperidone	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Domperidone.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Dopamine	Desflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Dopamine.	Approved
Doramectin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Doramectin.	Vet Approved
Doxazosin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Doxazosin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Doxepin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Doxepin.	Approved
Doxylamine	Doxylamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
DPDPE	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with DPDPE.	Investigational
Dronabinol	Dronabinol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Dronedarone	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Dronedarone.	Approved
Droperidol	Droperidol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Drotebanol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Drotebanol.	Experimental, Illicit
Duloxetine	Desflurane may increase the orthostatic hypotensive activities of Duloxetine.	Approved
Dyclonine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Dyclonine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Ecgonine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ecgonine.	Experimental, Illicit
Ecopipam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ecopipam.	Investigational
Efavirenz	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Efavirenz.	Approved, Investigational
Efonidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Efonidipine.	Approved
Eliglustat	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Eliglustat.	Approved
Eltanolone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Pregnanolone.	Investigational
Empagliflozin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Empagliflozin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Enalapril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enalapril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Enalaprilat	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Enalaprilat.	Approved
Enflurane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Enflurane is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Entacapone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Entacapone.	Approved, Investigational
Ephedra	Ephedra may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Desflurane.	Approved, Nutraceutical, Withdrawn
Ephedrine	Ephedrine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Desflurane.	Approved
Epinephrine	Desflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Epinephrine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Eplerenone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Eplerenone is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Epoprostenol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Epoprostenol.	Approved
Eprosartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Eprosartan is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Erythromycin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Erythromycin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Escitalopram	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Escitalopram.	Approved, Investigational
Esmolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Esmolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Estazolam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Estazolam.	Approved, Illicit
Eszopiclone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Eszopiclone is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Etacrynic acid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etacrynic acid is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Ethanol	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Ethanol.	Approved
Ethchlorvynol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ethchlorvynol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit, Withdrawn
Ethosuximide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ethosuximide.	Approved
Ethotoin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ethotoin.	Approved
Ethyl carbamate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ethyl carbamate.	Withdrawn
Ethyl loflazepate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ethyl loflazepate.	Approved, Illicit
Ethylmorphine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ethylmorphine.	Approved, Illicit
Etidocaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Etidocaine.	Approved
Etifoxine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Etifoxine.	Withdrawn
Etizolam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Etizolam.	Approved
Etomidate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Etomidate is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Etoperidone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Etoperidone.	Approved
Etorphine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Etorphine.	Illicit, Vet Approved
Ezogabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ezogabine.	Approved
Felbamate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Felbamate.	Approved
Felodipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Felodipine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Fencamfamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Fencamfamine.	Approved, Illicit, Withdrawn
Fenoldopam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Fenoldopam.	Approved
Fentanyl	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fentanyl is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved
Fexofenadine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Fexofenadine.	Approved
Fimasartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Fimasartan.	Approved
Flecainide	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Flecainide.	Approved, Withdrawn
Flibanserin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Flibanserin.	Approved
Fludiazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Fludiazepam.	Approved, Illicit
Flunarizine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Flunarizine.	Approved
Flunitrazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Flunitrazepam.	Approved, Illicit
Fluoxetine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Fluoxetine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Flupentixol	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Flupentixol.	Approved, Withdrawn
Fluphenazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluphenazine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Flurazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Flurazepam is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Fluspirilene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Fluspirilene.	Approved
Fluticasone propionate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Fluticasone Propionate.	Approved
Fluvoxamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fluvoxamine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Formoterol	Desflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Formoterol.	Approved, Investigational
Fosinopril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Fosinopril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Fosphenytoin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Fosphenytoin.	Approved
Fospropofol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Fospropofol.	Approved, Illicit
Furosemide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Furosemide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Gabapentin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Gabapentin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Gabapentin Enacarbil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with gabapentin enacarbil.	Approved
Gadobenic acid	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Gadobenic acid.	Approved
Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid.	Approved, Illicit
Gemifloxacin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Gemifloxacin.	Approved, Investigational
Gepirone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Gepirone.	Investigational
Glutethimide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Glutethimide.	Approved, Illicit
Goserelin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Goserelin.	Approved
Granisetron	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Granisetron.	Approved, Investigational
Guanfacine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Guanfacine.	Approved, Investigational
Halazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Halazepam is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit, Withdrawn
Haloperidol	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Haloperidol.	Approved
Halothane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Halothane is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Heroin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Heroin.	Approved, Illicit
Hexobarbital	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Hexobarbital.	Approved
Hydralazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydralazine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Hydrochlorothiazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydrochlorothiazide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Hydrocodone	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Hydrocodone.	Approved, Illicit
Hydroflumethiazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Hydroflumethiazide.	Approved
Hydromorphone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydromorphone is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Hydroxyzine	Hydroxyzine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved
Ibutilide	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ibutilide.	Approved
Iloperidone	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Iloperidone.	Approved
Iloprost	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Iloprost.	Approved, Investigational
Imidapril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Imidapril.	Investigational
Imipramine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Imipramine.	Approved
Indalpine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Indalpine.	Investigational, Withdrawn
Indapamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Indapamide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Indoramin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Indoramin.	Withdrawn
Irbesartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Irbesartan is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Isocarboxazid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Isocarboxazid.	Approved
Isoflurane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Isoprenaline	Desflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Isoprenaline.	Approved
Isosorbide Dinitrate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isosorbide Dinitrate is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Isosorbide Mononitrate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isosorbide Mononitrate is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Isoxsuprine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoxsuprine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Withdrawn
Isradipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isradipine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Ketamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ketamine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Ketazolam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ketazolam.	Approved
Ketobemidone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ketobemidone.	Approved
Labetalol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Labetalol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Lacidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Lacidipine.	Approved
Lamotrigine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Lamotrigine.	Approved, Investigational
Lenvatinib	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Lenvatinib.	Approved
Lercanidipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Lercanidipine.	Approved, Investigational
Leuprolide	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Leuprolide.	Approved, Investigational
Levetiracetam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Levetiracetam.	Approved, Investigational
Levobunolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Levobunolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Levobupivacaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Levobupivacaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Levocabastine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Levocabastine.	Approved
Levocetirizine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Levocetirizine.	Approved
Levodopa	Desflurane may increase the orthostatic hypotensive activities of Levodopa.	Approved
Levofloxacin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Levofloxacin.	Approved, Investigational
Levomethadyl Acetate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Levomethadyl Acetate.	Approved
Levomilnacipran	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Levomilnacipran.	Approved
Levorphanol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Levorphanol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Levosimendan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Levosimendan.	Approved, Investigational
Lidocaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lidocaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Lisinopril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lisinopril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Lithium	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Lithium.	Approved
Lofentanil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Lofentanil.	Illicit
Lofexidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Lofexidine.	Approved, Investigational
Lopinavir	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Lopinavir.	Approved
Loratadine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Loratadine.	Approved
Lorazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lorazepam is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Losartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Losartan is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Loxapine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Loxapine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Lumefantrine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Lumefantrine.	Approved
Lurasidone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Lurasidone.	Approved
Magnesium Sulfate	Magnesium Sulfate may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Mannitol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mannitol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Maprotiline	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Maprotiline.	Approved
Mecamylamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mecamylamine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Meclizine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Meclizine.	Approved
Medetomidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Medetomidine.	Vet Approved
Melatonin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Melatonin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet Approved
Melperone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Melperone.	Approved
Mepivacaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mepivacaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Meprobamate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Meprobamate is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Mesoridazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Mesoridazine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Metaxalone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Metaxalone.	Approved
Methadone	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Methadone.	Approved
Methadyl Acetate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Methadyl Acetate.	Approved, Illicit
Methapyrilene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Methapyrilene.	Withdrawn
Methaqualone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Methaqualone.	Illicit, Withdrawn
Methazolamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methazolamide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Methocarbamol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Methocarbamol.	Approved, Vet Approved
Methohexital	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methohexital is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Methotrimeprazine	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Methotrimeprazine.	Approved
Methoxyflurane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methoxyflurane is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Methsuximide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Methsuximide.	Approved
Methyclothiazide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methyclothiazide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Methyldopa	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methyldopa is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Methylecgonine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with ECGONINE METHYL ESTER.	Experimental
Methylphenidate	Methylphenidate may increase the hypertensive activities of Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Methylphenobarbital	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Methylphenobarbital is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Metipranolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metipranolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Metolazone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metolazone is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Metoprolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Metoprolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Metyrosine	Desflurane may increase the sedative activities of Metyrosine.	Approved
Midazolam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Midazolam is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit
Mifepristone	Mifepristone may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Milnacipran	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Milnacipran.	Approved
Minocycline	Minocycline may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Minoxidil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Minoxidil is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Mirtazapine	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Mirtazapine.	Approved
Mivacurium	Desflurane may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Mivacurium.	Approved
Moexipril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Moexipril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Molindone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Molindone.	Approved
Morphine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Morphine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Moxifloxacin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Moxifloxacin.	Approved, Investigational
Moxonidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Moxonidine.	Approved
Nabilone	Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Nadolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nadolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Nalbuphine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nalbuphine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Nebivolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nebivolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Nefazodone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Nefazodone.	Approved, Withdrawn
Nesiritide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nesiritide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Nicardipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nicardipine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Nicorandil	Nicorandil may increase the hypotensive activities of Desflurane.	Approved
Nifedipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nifedipine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Nilotinib	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Nilotinib.	Approved, Investigational
Nilvadipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Nilvadipine.	Approved
Nimodipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nimodipine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Nisoldipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nisoldipine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Nitrazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Nitrazepam.	Approved
Nitrendipine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Nitrendipine.	Approved
Nitric Oxide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Nitric Oxide.	Approved
Nitroglycerin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nitroglycerin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Nitroprusside	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Nitroprusside is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Nitrous oxide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Nitrous oxide.	Approved, Vet Approved
Norepinephrine	Desflurane may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Norepinephrine.	Approved
Norflurane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with 1,1,1,2 Tetrafluoroethane.	Investigational
Normethadone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Normethadone.	Approved, Illicit
Nortriptyline	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Nortriptyline.	Approved
Obinutuzumab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Obinutuzumab.	Approved
Ofloxacin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ofloxacin.	Approved
Olanzapine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Olanzapine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Olmesartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Olmesartan is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Olopatadine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Olopatadine.	Approved
Ondansetron	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ondansetron.	Approved
Opium	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Opium.	Approved, Illicit
Orphenadrine	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Orphenadrine.	Approved
Osanetant	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Osanetant.	Investigational
Oxazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxazepam is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Oxethazaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Oxetacaine.	Investigational
Oxprenolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Oxprenolol.	Approved
Oxybuprocaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxybuprocaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Oxycodone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Oxycodone is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit, Investigational
Oxymorphone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Oxymorphone.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Paclitaxel	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Paclitaxel.	Approved, Vet Approved
Paliperidone	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Paliperidone.	Approved
Panobinostat	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Panobinostat.	Approved, Investigational
Papaverine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Papaverine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Paraldehyde	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Paraldehyde.	Approved
Paroxetine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Paroxetine.	Approved, Investigational
Pazopanib	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Pazopanib.	Approved
Penbutolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Penbutolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Pentamidine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Pentamidine.	Approved
Pentazocine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentazocine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Pentobarbital	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pentobarbital is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Perampanel	Perampanel may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved
Perazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Perazine.	Investigational
Perflutren	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Perflutren.	Approved
Perindopril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Perindopril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Perospirone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Perospirone.	Approved
Perphenazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Perphenazine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Pethidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pethidine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Phenelzine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Phenelzine.	Approved
Phenobarbital	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phenobarbital is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Phenoxybenzamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Phenoxybenzamine.	Approved
Phenoxyethanol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Phenoxyethanol.	Approved
Phentolamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Phentolamine.	Approved
Phenytoin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Phenytoin.	Approved, Vet Approved
Pimozide	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Pimozide.	Approved
Pindolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pindolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Pipamperone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Pipamperone.	Approved
Pipotiazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Pipotiazine.	Approved
Piritramide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Piritramide.	Investigational
Pizotifen	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Pizotifen.	Approved
Pomalidomide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Pomalidomide.	Approved
Pramipexole	Desflurane may increase the sedative activities of Pramipexole.	Approved, Investigational
Pramocaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Pramocaine.	Approved
Prazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Prazepam.	Approved, Illicit
Prazosin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prazosin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Pregabalin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Pregabalin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit, Investigational
Prilocaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prilocaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Primaquine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Primaquine.	Approved
Primidone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Primidone.	Approved, Vet Approved
Procainamide	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Procainamide.	Approved
Procaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Procaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Prochlorperazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prochlorperazine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Promazine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Promazine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Promethazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Promethazine.	Approved
Propafenone	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Propafenone.	Approved
Proparacaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Proparacaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Propofol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Propofol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Propoxycaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Propoxycaine.	Approved
Propranolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Propranolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Protriptyline	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Protriptyline.	Approved
PSD502	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with PSD502.	Investigational
Quazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Quazepam.	Approved, Illicit
Quetiapine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Quetiapine.	Approved
Quinapril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Quinapril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Quinidine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Quinidine.	Approved
Quinine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Quinine.	Approved
Raclopride	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Raclopride.	Investigational
Ramelteon	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ramelteon.	Approved, Investigational
Ramipril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ramipril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Rapacuronium	Desflurane may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Rapacuronium.	Withdrawn
Rasagiline	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Rasagiline.	Approved
Remifentanil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Remifentanil is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Remoxipride	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Remoxipride is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Withdrawn
Reserpine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Reserpine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Riociguat	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Riociguat is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Risperidone	Desflurane may increase the hypotensive activities of Risperidone.	Approved, Investigational
Ritanserin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ritanserin.	Investigational
Romifidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Romifidine.	Vet Approved
Ropinirole	Desflurane may increase the sedative activities of Ropinirole.	Approved, Investigational
Ropivacaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Ropivacaine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Rotigotine	Desflurane may increase the sedative activities of Rotigotine.	Approved
Rufinamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Rufinamide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Sacubitril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Sacubitril.	Approved
Saquinavir	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Saquinavir.	Approved, Investigational
Scopolamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Scopolamine.	Approved
Secobarbital	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Secobarbital is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Selegiline	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Selegiline.	Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved
Sepranolone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Uc1010.	Investigational
Sertindole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Sertindole.	Approved, Withdrawn
Sertraline	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Sertraline.	Approved
Sevoflurane	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Sevoflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Sodium Nitrite	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Sodium Nitrite.	Approved
Sodium oxybate	Sodium oxybate may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved
Sotalol	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Sotalol.	Approved
Spironolactone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Spironolactone is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Stiripentol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Stiripentol.	Approved
Streptokinase	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Streptokinase.	Approved
Sufentanil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sufentanil is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Sulfisoxazole	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Sulfisoxazole.	Approved, Vet Approved
Sulpiride	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sulpiride is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Suvorexant	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Suvorexant.	Approved
Tamsulosin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tamsulosin.	Approved, Investigational
Tandospirone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tandospirone.	Investigational
Tapentadol	Tapentadol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Desflurane.	Approved
Tasimelteon	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tasimelteon.	Approved
Telavancin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Telavancin.	Approved
Telithromycin	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Telithromycin.	Approved
Telmisartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Telmisartan is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Temazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Temazepam is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Terazosin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Terazosin is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Tetrabenazine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Tetrabenazine.	Approved
Tetracaine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tetracaine.	Approved, Vet Approved
Tetrodotoxin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tetrodotoxin.	Investigational
Thalidomide	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Thalidomide.	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Thiamylal	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Thiamylal is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Thiopental	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Thiopental is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Thioridazine	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Thioridazine.	Withdrawn
Thiothixene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Thiothixene.	Approved
Tiagabine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tiagabine.	Approved
Tiapride	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tiapride.	Approved, Investigational
Tiletamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tiletamine.	Vet Approved
Timolol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Timolol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Tizanidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tizanidine.	Approved
Tolazoline	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tolazoline.	Approved, Vet Approved
Tolcapone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tolcapone.	Approved, Withdrawn
Topiramate	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Topiramate.	Approved
Torasemide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Torasemide is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Toremifene	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Toremifene.	Approved, Investigational
Tramadol	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tramadol is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Trandolapril	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trandolapril is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Trans-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Trans-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine.	Experimental
Tranylcypromine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Tranylcypromine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Trazodone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trazodone is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Tretinoin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Tretinoin.	Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical
Triamterene	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Triamterene is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Triazolam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Triazolam is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Trifluoperazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Trifluoperazine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Triflupromazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Triflupromazine is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Vet Approved
Trimipramine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Trimipramine.	Approved
Triprolidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Triprolidine.	Approved
Valproic Acid	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Valproic Acid is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Valsartan	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Valsartan is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Investigational
Vandetanib	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Vandetanib.	Approved
Vemurafenib	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Vemurafenib.	Approved
Venlafaxine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Venlafaxine.	Approved
Verapamil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Verapamil is combined with Desflurane.	Approved
Vigabatrin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Vigabatrin.	Approved
Vortioxetine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Vortioxetine.	Approved
Xylazine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Xylazine.	Vet Approved
Zaleplon	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Zaleplon is combined with Desflurane.	Approved, Illicit, Investigational
Ziconotide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Ziconotide.	Approved
Zimelidine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Zimelidine.	Withdrawn
Ziprasidone	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Ziprasidone.	Approved
Zolazepam	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Zolazepam.	Vet Approved
Zolpidem	Desflurane may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Zolpidem.	Approved
Zonisamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Zonisamide.	Approved, Investigational
Zopiclone	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Zopiclone.	Approved
Zotepine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Zotepine.	Approved
Zuclopenthixol	Desflurane may increase the QTc-prolonging activities of Zuclopenthixol.	Approved, Investigational

Food Interactions

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Leonid A. Rozov, Chialang Huang, Gerald G. Vernice, "Synthesis of desflurane." U.S. Patent US5205914, issued June, 1991.

US5205914

General References

Not Available

External Links

Resource	Link
Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)	HMDB15320
KEGG Drug	D00546
KEGG Compound	C07519
PubChem Compound	42113
PubChem Substance	46505270
ChemSpider	38403
ChEBI	4445
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1200733
Therapeutic Targets Database	DAP000693
PharmGKB	PA164749136
Drug Product Database	8
RxList	http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/desflurane.htm
Drugs.com	http://www.drugs.com/cons/desflurane-inhalation-oral-nebulization.html
Wikipedia	Desflurane

ATC Codes

N01AB07 — Desflurane

AHFS Codes

28:04.00

PDB Entries

Not Available

FDA label

Download (174 KB)

MSDS

Download (51.1 KB)

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction	1
2	Completed	Supportive Care	Colorectal Cancers	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Knee Replacement Surgery / Orthopedic Procedures / Total Hip Prosthesis	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Transplant; Failure, Kidney	1
2	Recruiting	Supportive Care	Down Syndrome (DS)	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Anaesthesia therapy	1
3	Completed	Health Services Research	Baxter Anaesthesia Brand of Desflurane / Cystoscopes / Sevoflurane	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Anesthesia With Use of LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Hepatectomy	1
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Anaesthesia therapy	2
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Orthopedic Disorders	1
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Anaesthesia therapy	1
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Anaesthesia	1
4	Completed	Health Services Research	Emergence Agitation	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Postoperative Cognitive Functions	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Postreperfusion Syndrome / Transplantation, Liver	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Prostate Cancer	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy / Strabismus	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Calculi / Excessive Repair / Exposure Laser / Injury of Bladder / Ureteral Stent Occlusion / Ureterostomy; Functional Disturbance / Vaginal Diseases	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Coronary Artery Disease	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) / Healthy Volunteers	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Nausea / Tiredness	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Airway Reflexes, Protective / Anesthetic Recovery / Recovery After Neuromuscular Block	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Arthritis / BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Deep Extubation	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Delayed Emergence From Anesthesia	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Pulmonary Aspiration	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Thoracic Surgery	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Basic Science	Anesthesia; Bariatric Surgery	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Supportive Care	Cognition Disorders in Old Age	1
4	Recruiting	Diagnostic	Anesthesia; Adverse Effect / Laryngeal Masks / Respiratory System Abnormalities	1
4	Recruiting	Diagnostic	Oxygen Saturation	1
4	Recruiting	Diagnostic	Postoperative Delirium	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Cholangiocarcinomas / Gallbladder Neoplasms / Hepatocellular,Carcinoma	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Redo / General Anesthetic Drug Adverse Reaction	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Sleep Apnea, Obstructive	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Adenocarcinomas / Circulating Tumor Cells / Circulating Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Cancer Surgery / Neoplasms, Pancreatic	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Anesthetic Complication Spinal / Microcirculation	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft / Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery / Surgery, Cardiac	1
4	Terminated	Diagnostic	Ventricular Dysfunction / Young Healthy Adults	1
4	Unknown Status	Supportive Care	Pectus Excavatum	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Aortic Valve Stenosis	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Not Available	Lung Cancers	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Idiopathic Scoliosis	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Ischemic Optic Neuropathy	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Anaesthesia therapy / General Surgery	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Depth of Anesthesia (DOA)	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Nephrectomy,Kidney Donation	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Rhytidoplasty	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy	1
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Anesthetics	1
Not Available	Completed	Diagnostic	Cancer, Ovarian / Cervical Cancers / Gallbladder Inflammation / Ovarian Cysts / Uterine Leiomyomas	1
Not Available	Completed	Health Services Research	Delayed Recovery From Anaesthesia	1
Not Available	Completed	Health Services Research	Unconscious State	1
Not Available	Completed	Other	Obese	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Ambulation Difficulty / Children / Urologic Diseases	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Anaesthesia therapy / Catheter Site Discomfort / Complications / Urinary Bladder Neoplasms	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Desflurane Anesthesia	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Ischemia, Cerebral	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Vitrectomy Operation Under General Anesthesia	1
Not Available	Completed	Supportive Care	Airway Complications	1
Not Available	Completed	Supportive Care	Idiopathic Scoliosis	1
Not Available	Completed	Supportive Care	Intraocular Pressure	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Amnesia / Cognition Disorders / Coronary Artery Bypass Graft / Delirium / Dementias / Morbidity	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Ear Deformities, Acquired	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	General Anesthetic Drug Adverse Reaction	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Mechanical Ventilation Complication	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Postoperative pain	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy	1
Not Available	Enrolling by Invitation	Screening	Anaesthesia therapy / General Surgery / Ophthalmic	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Hip Arthroplasty	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Not Available	Anesthetics, Inhalation	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Not Available	Entropion	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Not Available	Healthy Volunteers	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Not Available	Pituitary Adenomas	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Not Available	Short Stature	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Basic Science	Transient ischemia attacks	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Acute Lung Injury (ALI)	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Arterial Hypotension	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Neoplasms, Thyroid	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Treatment	Status;Splenectomy	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Not Available	Hemifacial Spasm	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Screening	Anesthesia Recovery Period / Delirium, Dementia, Cognitive Disorders / Mental Competency / Neurobehavioural Manifestation	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Supportive Care	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Not Available	Optic Nerve Sheath	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	1 mL/mL
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	100 %
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	240 mL/240mL

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Suprane inhalation liquid	0.76USD	ml

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US5617906	No	1994-10-08	2014-10-08	US

Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
boiling point (°C)	23.5 °C	Not Available
water solubility	Negligible	Not Available
logP	1.9	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	3.54 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	2.19	ALOGPS
logP	2.4	ChemAxon
logS	-1.7	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	18.87	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-4.8	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	9.23 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	18.12 m³·mol^-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	7.89 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.9974
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.9941
Caco-2 permeable	+	0.626
P-glycoprotein substrate	Non-substrate	0.883
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.9415
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.9027
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.9311
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8676
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.919
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7556
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.6194
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.836
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9466
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.707
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9604
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.8921
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.9042
Carcinogenicity	Carcinogens	0.7045
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.9566
Rat acute toxicity	1.2690 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9724
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.909

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397 )

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	Not Available

Taxonomy

Description

This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organofluorides. These are compounds containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a fluorine atom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organohalogen compounds

Class

Organofluorides

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Organofluorides

Alternative Parents

Organooxygen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Alkyl fluorides

Substituents

Organic oxygen compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organooxygen compound / Organofluoride / Alkyl halide / Alkyl fluoride / Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

organofluorine compound (CHEBI:4445 )

Targets

Details

1. GABA-A receptor (anion channel) (Protein Group)

Kind: Protein group
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: positive allosteric modulator

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel (By similarity).

Components:

Name	UniProt ID	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	P14867	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	P47869	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	P34903	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	P48169	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	P31644	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Q16445	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	P18505	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	P47870	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	P28472	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	O14764	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	P78334	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Q8N1C3	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	P18507	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Q99928	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	O00591	Details
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Q9UN88	Details

References

Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [PubMed:11752090 ]
Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [PubMed:18384456 ]

Details

2. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: agonist

General Function:: Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
Gene Name:: GLRA1
Uniprot ID:: P23415
Uniprot Name:: Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
Molecular Weight:: 52623.35 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Grasshoff C, Antkowiak B: Effects of isoflurane and enflurane on GABAA and glycine receptors contribute equally to depressant actions on spinal ventral horn neurones in rats. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Nov;97(5):687-94. Epub 2006 Sep 13. [PubMed:16973644 ]

Details

3. Glutamate receptor 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: antagonist

General Function:: Pdz domain binding
Specific Function:: Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inacti...
Gene Name:: GRIA1
Uniprot ID:: P42261
Uniprot Name:: Glutamate receptor 1
Molecular Weight:: 101505.245 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Dildy-Mayfield JE, Eger EI 2nd, Harris RA: Anesthetics produce subunit-selective actions on glutamate receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):1058-65. [PubMed:8786535 ]

Details

4. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inducer

General Function:: Voltage-gated potassium channel activity
Specific Function:: Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the kidney (PubMed:19903818). Contributes to the regulation of the membrane potential and nerve signaling, and prevents neuronal hyperexcitability (PubMed:17156368). Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which ...
Gene Name:: KCNA1
Uniprot ID:: Q09470
Uniprot Name:: Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1
Molecular Weight:: 56465.01 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Matchett GA, Allard MW, Martin RD, Zhang JH: Neuroprotective effect of volatile anesthetic agents: molecular mechanisms. Neurol Res. 2009 Mar;31(2):128-34. doi: 10.1179/174313209X393546. [PubMed:19298752 ]

Details

5. Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: yes
Actions: inhibitor

General Function:: Signal transducer activity
Specific Function:: This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of the calcium.
Gene Name:: ATP2C1
Uniprot ID:: P98194
Uniprot Name:: Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1
Molecular Weight:: 100576.42 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]

Details

6. ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: other/unknown

General Function:: Transporter activity
Specific Function:: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked toget...
Gene Name:: ATP5D
Uniprot ID:: P30049
Uniprot Name:: ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial
Molecular Weight:: 17489.755 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
Kosk-Kosicka D, Roszczynska G: Inhibition of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase activity by volatile anesthetics. Anesthesiology. 1993 Oct;79(4):774-80. [PubMed:8214757 ]

Details

7. NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown
Actions: unknown

General Function:: Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Specific Function:: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity).
Gene Name:: MT-ND1
Uniprot ID:: P03886
Uniprot Name:: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1
Molecular Weight:: 35660.055 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]

Carriers

Details

1. Serum albumin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Human
Pharmacological action: unknown

General Function:: Toxic substance binding
Specific Function:: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc.
Gene Name:: ALB
Uniprot ID:: P02768
Uniprot Name:: Serum albumin
Molecular Weight:: 69365.94 Da

References

Sawas AH, Pentyala SN, Rebecchi MJ: Binding of volatile anesthetics to serum albumin: measurements of enthalpy and solvent contributions. Biochemistry. 2004 Oct 5;43(39):12675-85. [PubMed:15449957 ]

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on September 01, 2017 10:37

Structure for DB01189 (Desflurane)

Targets

Components:

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Carriers

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