Desflurane is a highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether used for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Volatile agents such as desflurane may activate GABA channels and hyperpolarize cell membranes. In addition, they may inhibit certain calcium channels and therefore prevent release of neurotransmitters and inhibit glutamate channels. Volatile anesthetics easily partition into cellular membranes and could expand the volume of the cell membrane and subsequently distort channels necessary for sodium ion flux and the development of action potentials necessary for synaptic transmission. Desflurane preconditions human myocardium against ischemia through activation of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels, adenosine A1 receptor, and alpha and beta adrenoceptors.

Structure

Similar Structures

Synonyms

(±)-2-difluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-(difluoromethoxy)ethane
Desflurane
Desflurano
Desfluranum
Difluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether

Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Suprane	Liquid	100 %	Respiratory (inhalation)	Baxter Laboratories	1996-12-23	Not applicable
Suprane	Liquid	240 mL/240mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	1992-09-18	Not applicable
Suprane	Liquid	240 mL/240mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	1992-09-18	Not applicable
Suprane	Liquid	240 mL/240mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc	2012-04-25	Not applicable
Suprane	Liquid	1.5 g/1mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	2006-08-14	2006-08-14
Suprane	Liquid	240 mL/240mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	1992-09-18	Not applicable

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Desflurane	Liquid	240 mL/240mL	Respiratory (inhalation)	Sandoz Inc.	2018-02-26	Not applicable

Categories

UNII

CRS35BZ94Q

CAS number

57041-67-5

Weight

Average: 168.0378
Monoisotopic: 168.000983916

Chemical Formula

C₃H₂F₆O

InChI Key

DPYMFVXJLLWWEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C3H2F6O/c4-1(3(7,8)9)10-2(5)6/h1-2H

IUPAC Name

2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane

SMILES

FC(F)OC(F)C(F)(F)F

Pharmacology

Indication

For use as an inhalation agent for induction and/or maintenance of anesthesia for inpatient and outpatient surgery in adults.

Associated Therapies

Pharmacodynamics

Desflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic. It induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability. It does so by decreasing the extent of gap junction mediated cell-cell coupling and altering the activity of the channels that underlie the action potential.

Mechanism of action

Desflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Desflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Desflurane also binds to and agonizes the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glycine receptors, and antagonizes the glutamate receptors.

Target	Actions	Organism
AGABA-A receptor (anion channel)	positive allosteric modulator	Humans
AGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1	agonist	Humans
AGlutamate receptor 1	antagonist	Humans
APotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	inducer	Humans
ACalcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1	inhibitor	Humans
UATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial	other/unknown	Humans
UNADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1	unknown	Humans

Absorption

Rapidly absorbed into the circulation via the lungs following inhalation.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Minimally biotransformed in the liver in humans (approximately 0.02% of the quantity absorbed).

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Toxicity

Not Available

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Interacting Gene/Enzyme	Allele name	Genotype(s)	Defining Change(s)	Type(s)	Description	Details
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	---	Not Available	c.3257G>A / c.520C>T	ADR Inferred	Malignant hyperthermia.	Details
Ryanodine receptor 1	---	Not Available	c.103T>C / c.487C>T … show all	ADR Inferred	Malignant hyperthermia.	Details

Interactions

Drug Interactions

Drug	Interaction
1-(3-Mercapto-2-Methyl-Propionyl)-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid	The therapeutic efficacy of 1-(3-Mercapto-2-Methyl-Propionyl)-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid can be increased when used in combination with Desflurane.
1-benzylimidazole	The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Desflurane is combined with 1-benzylimidazole.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine	The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Desflurane is combined with 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine.
4-Methoxyamphetamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with 4-Methoxyamphetamine.
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
7-Nitroindazole	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Desflurane is combined with 7-Nitroindazole.
7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline	7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline may increase the orthostatic hypotensive activities of Desflurane.
Abediterol	The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Desflurane is combined with Abediterol.

Food Interactions

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Leonid A. Rozov, Chialang Huang, Gerald G. Vernice, "Synthesis of desflurane." U.S. Patent US5205914, issued June, 1991.

US5205914

General References

Not Available

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0015320
KEGG Drug: D00546
KEGG Compound: C07519
PubChem Compound: 42113
PubChem Substance: 46505270
ChemSpider: 38403
ChEBI: 4445
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1200733
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP000693
PharmGKB: PA164749136
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Desflurane

ATC Codes

N01AB07 — Desflurane

AHFS Codes

28:04.16 — Inhalation Anesthetics

FDA label

Download (174 KB)

MSDS

Download (51.1 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
1, 2	Completed	Treatment	Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction	1
2	Completed	Supportive Care	Colorectal Cancers	1
2	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Desflurane / Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) / Postoperative pain / Total Intravenous Anesthesia	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Knee Replacement Surgery / Orthopedic Procedures / Total Hip Prosthesis	1
2	Completed	Treatment	Transplant; Failure, Kidney	1
2	Recruiting	Supportive Care	Down Syndrome (DS)	1
2, 3	Completed	Treatment	Anaesthesia therapy	1
3	Completed	Health Services Research	Baxter Anaesthesia Brand of Desflurane / Cystoscopes / Sevoflurane	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Anaesthesia therapy	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Orthopedic Disorders	1
3	Completed	Prevention	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Anesthesia With Use of LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway)	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Hepatectomy	1
3	Recruiting	Prevention	Anaesthesia therapy	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Anaesthesia therapy	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Anaesthesia therapy / BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Anaesthesia	1
4	Completed	Health Services Research	Emergence Agitation	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Postoperative Cognitive Functions	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Postreperfusion Syndrome / Transplantation, Liver	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Prostate Cancer	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Sleep Apnea, Obstructive	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy / Strabismus	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Calculi / Excessive Repair / Exposure Laser / Injury of Bladder / Ureteral Stent Occlusion / Ureterostomy; Functional Disturbance / Vaginal Diseases	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Coronary Artery Disease	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) / Healthy Volunteers	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Nausea / Tiredness	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Airway Reflexes, Protective / Anesthetic Recovery / Recovery After Neuromuscular Block	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Arthritis / BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Completed	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Patients / Surgery, Cardiac	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Deep Extubation	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Delayed Emergence From Anesthesia	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Pulmonary Aspiration	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Thoracic Surgery	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Liver Function After Partial Liver Resection	1
4	Recruiting	Basic Science	Anesthesia; Bariatric Surgery	1
4	Recruiting	Diagnostic	Anesthesia; Adverse Effect / Laryngeal Masks / Respiratory System Abnormalities	1
4	Recruiting	Diagnostic	Oxygen Saturation	1
4	Recruiting	Diagnostic	Postoperative Delirium	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Cholangiocarcinomas / Gallbladder Neoplasms / Hepatocellular,Carcinoma	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Redo / General Anesthetic Drug Adverse Reaction	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Delirium	1
4	Recruiting	Prevention	Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy / Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)	1
4	Recruiting	Supportive Care	Cognition Disorders in Old Age	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Adenocarcinomas / Circulating Tumor Cells / Circulating Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Cancer Surgery / Neoplasms, Pancreatic	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Anesthetic Complication Spinal / Microcirculation	1
4	Terminated	Diagnostic	Ventricular Dysfunction / Young Healthy Adults	1
4	Unknown Status	Supportive Care	Pectus Excavatum	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Aortic Valve Stenosis	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Other	Lung Cancers	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Arterial Hypotension	1
Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Ischemic Optic Neuropathy	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Aging / Healthy Volunteers	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Anaesthesia therapy / General Surgery	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Anesthetics, Inhalation	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Depth of Anesthesia (DOA)	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Nephrectomy,Kidney Donation	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Rhytidoplasty	1
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy	1
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Ischemia Reperfusion Injury	1
Not Available	Completed	Basic Science	Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Anesthetics	1
Not Available	Completed	Diagnostic	Cancer of the Ovary / Cervical Cancers / Gallbladder Inflammation / Ovarian Cysts / Uterine Leiomyomas	1
Not Available	Completed	Health Services Research	Delayed Recovery From Anaesthesia	1
Not Available	Completed	Health Services Research	Intensive Care Unit Syndrome	1
Not Available	Completed	Health Services Research	Unconscious State	1
Not Available	Completed	Other	Anaesthesia therapy / General Surgery / Ophthalmic	1
Not Available	Completed	Other	Entropion	1
Not Available	Completed	Other	Hip Fractures	1
Not Available	Completed	Other	Obese	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Ambulation Difficulty / Children / Urologic Diseases	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Anaesthesia therapy / Catheter Site Discomfort / Complications / Urinary Bladder Neoplasms	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Desflurane Anesthesia	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Idiopathic Scoliosis	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Ischemia, Cerebral	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)	1
Not Available	Completed	Prevention	Vitrectomy Operation Under General Anesthesia	1
Not Available	Completed	Supportive Care	Airway Complications	1
Not Available	Completed	Supportive Care	Idiopathic Scoliosis	1
Not Available	Completed	Supportive Care	Intraocular Pressure	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Amnesia / Cognition Disorders / Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Patients / Delirium / Dementias / Morbidity	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Ear Deformities, Acquired	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	General Anesthetic Drug Adverse Reaction	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Mechanical Ventilation Complication	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter / Robot Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Postoperative pain	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Status;Splenectomy	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Other	SKNA According to Different Anesthetics	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Hip Arthroplasty	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Prevention	Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy	1
Not Available	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	BMI >30 kg/m2 / Postoperative pain	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Not Available	Pituitary Adenomas	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Basic Science	Transient ischemia attacks	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Other	Patients Undergoing Robotic Surgery	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Other	Short Stature	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Acute Lung Injury (ALI)	1
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Anaesthesia therapy	2
Not Available	Recruiting	Prevention	Neoplasms, Thyroid	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Not Available	Hemifacial Spasm	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Screening	Anesthesia Recovery Period / Delirium, Dementia, Cognitive Disorders / Mental Competency / Neurobehavioural Manifestation	1
Not Available	Unknown Status	Supportive Care	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Not Available	Optic Nerve Sheath	1
Not Available	Withdrawn	Treatment	Adjunct to general anesthesia therapy	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Baxter International Inc.
General Injectables and Vaccines Inc.

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	1.5 g/1mL
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	100 %
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)	240 mL/240mL

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Suprane inhalation liquid	0.76USD	ml

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US5617906	No	1997-04-08	2014-10-08

Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
boiling point (°C)	23.5 °C	Not Available
water solubility	Negligible	Not Available
logP	1.9	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	3.54 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	2.19	ALOGPS
logP	2.4	ChemAxon
logS	-1.7	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	18.87	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-4.8	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	9.23 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	18.12 m³·mol^-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	7.89 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.9974
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.9941
Caco-2 permeable	+	0.626
P-glycoprotein substrate	Non-substrate	0.883
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.9415
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.9027
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.9311
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8676
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.919
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7556
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.6194
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.836
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9466
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.707
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9604
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.8921
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.9042
Carcinogenicity	Carcinogens	0.7045
Biodegradation	Not ready biodegradable	0.9566
Rat acute toxicity	1.2690 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9724
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.909

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available

Taxonomy

Description: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organofluorides. These are compounds containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a fluorine atom.
Kingdom: Organic compounds
Super Class: Organohalogen compounds
Class: Organofluorides
Sub Class: Not Available
Direct Parent: Organofluorides
Alternative Parents: Organooxygen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Alkyl fluorides
Substituents: Organic oxygen compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organooxygen compound / Organofluoride / Alkyl halide / Alkyl fluoride / Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular Framework: Aliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors: organofluorine compound (CHEBI:4445)

Targets

Details1. GABA-A receptor (anion channel) (Protein Group)

Kind: Protein group
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Positive allosteric modulator

General Function: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function: Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine...

Components:

Name	UniProt ID
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	P14867
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	P47869
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	P34903
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	P48169
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	P31644
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Q16445
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	P18505
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	P47870
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	P28472
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	O14764
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	P78334
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Q8N1C3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	P18507
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Q99928
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	O00591
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Q9UN88

References

Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [PubMed:11752090]
Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [PubMed:18384456]

Details2. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function: The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
Gene Name: GLRA1
Uniprot ID: P23415
Uniprot Name: Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
Molecular Weight: 52623.35 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
Grasshoff C, Antkowiak B: Effects of isoflurane and enflurane on GABAA and glycine receptors contribute equally to depressant actions on spinal ventral horn neurones in rats. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Nov;97(5):687-94. Epub 2006 Sep 13. [PubMed:16973644]

Details3. Glutamate receptor 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Antagonist

General Function: Pdz domain binding
Specific Function: Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a co...
Gene Name: GRIA1
Uniprot ID: P42261
Uniprot Name: Glutamate receptor 1
Molecular Weight: 101505.245 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
Dildy-Mayfield JE, Eger EI 2nd, Harris RA: Anesthetics produce subunit-selective actions on glutamate receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):1058-65. [PubMed:8786535]

Details4. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Inducer

General Function: Voltage-gated potassium channel activity
Specific Function: Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the kidney (PubMed:1990381...
Gene Name: KCNA1
Uniprot ID: Q09470
Uniprot Name: Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1
Molecular Weight: 56465.01 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
Matchett GA, Allard MW, Martin RD, Zhang JH: Neuroprotective effect of volatile anesthetic agents: molecular mechanisms. Neurol Res. 2009 Mar;31(2):128-34. doi: 10.1179/174313209X393546. [PubMed:19298752]

Details5. Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Signal transducer activity
Specific Function: This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of the calcium.
Gene Name: ATP2C1
Uniprot ID: P98194
Uniprot Name: Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1
Molecular Weight: 100576.42 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]

Details6. ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Other/unknown

General Function: Transporter activity
Specific Function: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport comp...
Gene Name: ATP5D
Uniprot ID: P30049
Uniprot Name: ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial
Molecular Weight: 17489.755 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
Kosk-Kosicka D, Roszczynska G: Inhibition of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase activity by volatile anesthetics. Anesthesiology. 1993 Oct;79(4):774-80. [PubMed:8214757]

Details7. NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Unknown

General Function: Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Specific Function: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
Gene Name: MT-ND1
Uniprot ID: P03886
Uniprot Name: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1
Molecular Weight: 35660.055 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]

Carriers

Details1. Serum albumin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Toxic substance binding
Specific Function: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name: ALB
Uniprot ID: P02768
Uniprot Name: Serum albumin
Molecular Weight: 69365.94 Da

References

Sawas AH, Pentyala SN, Rebecchi MJ: Binding of volatile anesthetics to serum albumin: measurements of enthalpy and solvent contributions. Biochemistry. 2004 Oct 5;43(39):12675-85. [PubMed:15449957]

Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on April 18, 2019 06:15

Desflurane

Identification

Structure for Desflurane (DB01189)

Pharmacology

Interactions

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Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra

Taxonomy

Targets

Components:

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Carriers

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