NAV

Hyperforin

Identification

Generic Name
Hyperforin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01892
Background

Hyperforin is a phytochemical generated by the plants of the Hypericum family. One of the most important members of this family, due to its medical properties, is Hypericum perforatum, also known as St John's wort.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Nutraceutical
Structure
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 536.797
Monoisotopic: 536.386560154
Chemical Formula
C35H52O4
Synonyms
  • Hiperforina
  • Hyperforine
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Pharmacology

Indication

Not Available

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Pharmacodynamics

Hyperforin is believed to be the primary active constituent responsible for the antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of the extracts of St. John's wort. It acts as a reuptake inhibitor of monoamines, including serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and of GABA and glutamate, with IC50 values of 0.05-0.10 mcg/ml for all compounds, with the exception of glutamate, which is in the 0.5 mcg/ml range. It appears to exert these effects by activating the transient receptor potential ion channel TRPC6. Activation of TRPC6 induces the entry of sodium and calcium into the cell which causes inhibition of monoamine reuptake. Hyperforin is also thought to be responsible for the induction of the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 by binding to and activating the pregnane X receptor (PXR).

Mechanism of action

Hyperforin is believed to be the primary active constituent responsible for the antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of the extracts of St. John's wort. It acts as a reuptake inhibitor of monoamines, including serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and of GABA and glutamate, with IC50 values of 0.05-0.10 mcg/ml for all compounds, with the exception of glutamate, which is in the 0.5 mcg/ml range. It appears to exert these effects by activating the transient receptor potential ion channel TRPC6. Activation of TRPC6 induces the entry of sodium and calcium into the cell which causes inhibition of monoamine reuptake.

TargetActionsOrganism
UNuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2Not AvailableHumans
UProstaglandin G/H synthase 1
inhibitor
Humans
UArachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

9 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Oral LD50 (rat):5628 mg/kg; Skin LD50 (rabbit): 15800 mg/kg; Subcutaneous LD50 (mouse):9800 mg/kg; Intraperitoneal LD50 (rabbit):1826 mg/kg

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software
AmbrisentanThe excretion of Ambrisentan can be decreased when combined with Hyperforin.
AsunaprevirThe excretion of Asunaprevir can be decreased when combined with Hyperforin.
AtogepantThe serum concentration of Atogepant can be increased when it is combined with Hyperforin.
AtorvastatinThe excretion of Atorvastatin can be decreased when combined with Hyperforin.
AxitinibThe excretion of Axitinib can be decreased when combined with Hyperforin.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class
Prenol lipids
Sub Class
Monoterpenoids
Direct Parent
Bicyclic monoterpenoids
Alternative Parents
Cyclohexenones / Vinylogous acids / Enols / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound / Bicyclic monoterpenoid / Carbonyl group / Cyclohexenone / Enol / Hydrocarbon derivative / Ketone / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organooxygen compound
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
carbobicyclic compound, cyclic terpene ketone, sesquarterpenoid (CHEBI:5834)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
RM741E34FP
CAS number
11079-53-1
InChI Key
IWBJJCOKGLUQIZ-HQKKAZOISA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C35H52O4/c1-22(2)13-12-19-33(11)27(16-14-23(3)4)21-34(20-18-25(7)8)30(37)28(17-15-24(5)6)31(38)35(33,32(34)39)29(36)26(9)10/h13-15,18,26-27,38H,12,16-17,19-21H2,1-11H3/t27-,33+,34+,35-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(1R,5S,6R,7S)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,7-tris(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-6-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-5-(2-methylpropanoyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-2,9-dione
SMILES
CC(C)C(=O)[C@@]12C(O)=C(CC=C(C)C)C(=O)[C@@](CC=C(C)C)(C[C@H](CC=C(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CCC=C(C)C)C2=O

References

General References
  1. Chatterjee SS, Bhattacharya SK, Wonnemann M, Singer A, Muller WE: Hyperforin as a possible antidepressant component of hypericum extracts. Life Sci. 1998;63(6):499-510. [Article]
  2. Leuner K, Kazanski V, Muller M, Essin K, Henke B, Gollasch M, Harteneck C, Muller WE: Hyperforin--a key constituent of St. John's wort specifically activates TRPC6 channels. FASEB J. 2007 Dec;21(14):4101-11. Epub 2007 Jul 31. [Article]
  3. Moore LB, Goodwin B, Jones SA, Wisely GB, Serabjit-Singh CJ, Willson TM, Collins JL, Kliewer SA: St. John's wort induces hepatic drug metabolism through activation of the pregnane X receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jun 20;97(13):7500-2. [Article]
KEGG Compound
C07608
PubChem Compound
441298
PubChem Substance
46506104
ChemSpider
16736597
BindingDB
50193079
ChEBI
5834
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1237210
ZINC
ZINC000004097413
Therapeutic Targets Database
DNC000759
PDBe Ligand
HYF
Wikipedia
Hyperforin
MSDS
Download (22.8 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
Not Available
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)70-80Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.000632 mg/mLALOGPS
logP6.32ALOGPS
logP9.67Chemaxon
logS-5.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.62Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.3Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area71.44 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count11Chemaxon
Refractivity166.68 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability63.75 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings2Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9944
Blood Brain Barrier+0.8988
Caco-2 permeable+0.6793
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.752
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.6801
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IIInhibitor0.874
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.7856
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8001
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.9164
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.7483
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.8383
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7589
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9451
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8338
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7402
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8192
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.8883
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9275
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9758
Rat acute toxicity2.9007 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.8802
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8842
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-1009410000-9f5557472fbd48792972
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0000190000-832e7174628aced359cf
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000j-1209720000-eb9401c081f64a20df6e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0000890000-c094dd67ada79552206a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001j-1109210000-0a1aef6b6d77371044da
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-052f-9002200000-6dc40022ab8acecb54c0
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-253.3970113
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-240.9426
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+255.1030113
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+243.10524
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+253.6860113
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+248.84563
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Details1. Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism an...
Gene Name
NR1I2
Uniprot ID
O75469
Uniprot Name
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2
Molecular Weight
49761.245 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
Details2. Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Specific Function
Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gas...
Gene Name
PTGS1
Uniprot ID
P23219
Uniprot Name
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
Molecular Weight
68685.82 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Details3. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Iron ion binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the first step in leukotriene biosynthesis, and thereby plays a role in inflammatory processes.
Gene Name
ALOX5
Uniprot ID
P09917
Uniprot Name
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
Molecular Weight
77982.595 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]

Transporters

Details1. Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inducer
General Function
Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter.
Gene Name
ABCC2
Uniprot ID
Q92887
Uniprot Name
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
Molecular Weight
174205.64 Da
References
  1. Kast HR, Goodwin B, Tarr PT, Jones SA, Anisfeld AM, Stoltz CM, Tontonoz P, Kliewer S, Willson TM, Edwards PA: Regulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2) by the nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor, farnesoid X-activated receptor, and constitutive androstane receptor. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 25;277(4):2908-15. Epub 2001 Nov 12. [Article]
Details2. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
Gene Name
SLCO1B1
Uniprot ID
Q9Y6L6
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
Molecular Weight
76447.99 Da
References
  1. Tirona RG, Leake BF, Wolkoff AW, Kim RB: Human organic anion transporting polypeptide-C (SLC21A6) is a major determinant of rifampin-mediated pregnane X receptor activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jan;304(1):223-8. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at January 07, 2021 03:10