Lactic acid

Identification

Summary

Lactic acid is an emollient and keratolytic used agent in various cosmetic products and used as an additive in various pharmaceutical products for its antibacterial properties.

Brand Names
Dextrose and Electrolyte No. 75, Dianeal, Dianeal Low Calcium 1.5, Dianeal Pd-2/1.5, Extraneal, Glycerolyte 57, Ionosol-MB, Lactate 1-2-3, Lactated Ringers, Nxstage Pureflow, Physioneal 40, Plasma-lyte R, Prismasol, Ringers
Generic Name
Lactic acid
DrugBank Accession Number
DB04398
Background

A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed) Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid, and has a mild saline taste. It is produced by fermentation of a sugar source, such as corn or beets, and then, by neutralizing the resulting lactic acid to create a compound having the formula NaC3H5O3.

Lactic acid was one of active ingredients in Phexxi, a non-hormonal contraceptive agent that was approved by the FDA on May 2020.1

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 90.0779
Monoisotopic: 90.031694058
Chemical Formula
C3H6O3
Synonyms
  • (±)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
  • 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
  • 2-Hydroxypropionic acid
  • ácido láctico
  • Acidum lacticum
  • DL- lactic acid
  • DL-Lactic Acid
  • DL-Milchsäure
  • Lactic acid
  • Lacticum acidum
  • Milchsäure
  • Milk acid
  • rac-lactic acid
  • α-hydroxypropanoic acid
  • α-hydroxypropionic acid
External IDs
  • BRN 5238667
  • CCRIS 2951
  • E270
  • NSC 367919
  • SY-83

Pharmacology

Indication

For use as an alkalinizing agent.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to treatCornsCombination Product in combination with: Polidocanol (DB06811), Salicylic acid (DB00936)••• •••••••••••
Used in combination for therapyDehydrationCombination Product in combination with: D-glucose (DB01914), Sodium chloride (DB09153), Calcium chloride (DB01164), Zinc gluconate (DB11248), Potassium chloride (DB00761), Magnesium chloride (DB09407)••• •••••••••• •••••••••••••••••
Used in combination for therapyFluid lossCombination Product in combination with: Potassium chloride (DB00761), Sodium hydroxide (DB11151), Calcium chloride (DB01164), Sodium chloride (DB09153)•••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••
Used in combination to treatHyperkeratosisCombination Product in combination with: Salicylic acid (DB00936)•••••••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatLichenificationCombination Product in combination with: Salicylic acid (DB00936), Polidocanol (DB06811)••• •••••••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Lactic acid produces a metabolic alkalinizing effect.

Mechanism of action

Lactate ions are metabolized ultimately to carbon dioxide and water, which requires the consumption of hydrogen cations.

TargetActionsOrganism
UBifunctional protein PutANot AvailableEscherichia coli (strain K12)
UNimA-related proteinNot AvailableDeinococcus radiodurans (strain ATCC 13939 / DSM 20539 / JCM 16871 / LMG 4051 / NBRC 15346 / NCIMB 9279 / R1 / VKM B-1422)
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Sodium lactateTU7HW0W0QT72-17-3NGSFWBMYFKHRBD-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Sodium cationionicLYR4M0NH3717341-25-2FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Lactic AcidCream100 mg/1gTopicalRiver's Edge Pharmaceuticals, LLC2006-06-012011-11-30US flag
Lactic AcidLotion1 g/10mLTopicalStratus Pharmaceuticals2009-01-082017-05-03US flag
Lactic AcidLotion.1 mL/1mLTopicalRiver's Edge Pharmaceuticals, LLC2006-06-012010-02-28US flag
Lactic AcidCream11.34 g/113.4gTopicalStratus Pharmaceuticals2009-01-162017-05-03US flag
LactinolLotion35.484 mL/354.84mLTopicalPedinol Pharmacal, Inc.1992-02-012009-10-26US flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Cheongin HaejanghwanPellet0.001 g/1gOralEntechbio Co., Ltd2011-02-18Not applicableUS flag
Cheongin HaewoohwanPellet0.001 g/1gOralEntechbio Co., Ltd2011-02-18Not applicableUS flag
Cheongin SamrakhwanPellet0.001 g/1gOralEntechbio Co., Ltd2011-02-17Not applicableUS flag
Cluederm Aqua Solution Peel PlusLiquid45 mg/500mLTopicalClassys Inc.2018-07-192019-03-29US flag
Fresh Morning Bifidus bifidusPowder0.0316 mg/1mgOralSaimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd2010-08-21Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
(40 Mmols/l) Potassium Chloride In Lactated Ringer's Injection USPSodium lactate (310 mg / 100 mL) + Calcium chloride (20 mg / 100 mL) + Potassium chloride (328 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (600 mg / 100 mL)SolutionIntravenousBaxter Laboratories2002-12-112016-07-15Canada flag
5% Dextrose In Lactated Ringer's InjectionSodium lactate (310 mg / 100 mL) + Calcium chloride (20 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 g / 100 mL) + Potassium chloride (30 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (600 mg / 100 mL)SolutionIntravenousB. Braun Medical Inc.1993-12-312012-04-10Canada flag
AnubisMedLactic acid (5 g/50mL) + Ammonia (2.75 g/50mL) + Ascorbyl glucoside (0.25 g/50mL) + Ethanol (6.3 mL/50mL) + Ethylhexylglycerin (0.025 g/50mL) + Glycolic acid (17 g/50mL) + Hexylresorcinol (1 g/50mL) + Hydroxyethyl cellulose (0.34875 g/50mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.75 g/50mL) + Kojic acid (2.5 g/50mL) + Phenoxyethanol (0.225 g/50mL) + Propylene glycol (0.5 g/50mL) + Salicylic acid (1 g/50mL) + Water (7.333 mL/50mL)LiquidTopicalANUBIS COSMETICS SL2022-11-042027-07-01US flag
AZONEFROL-PD PERİTON DİYALİZ ÇÖZELTİSİ, 2000 ML ÇİFTLİ TORBASodium lactate (4480 mg/L) + Alanine (951 mg/L) + Arginine (1071 mg/L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (184 mg/L) + Glycine (510 mg/L) + Histidine (714 mg/L) + Isoleucine (850 mg/L) + Leucine (1020 mg/L) + Lysine hydrochloride (955 mg/L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (51 mg/L) + N-Acetylmethionine (850 mg/L) + Phenylalanine (570 mg/L) + Proline (595 mg/L) + Serine (510 mg/L) + Sodium chloride (5380 mg/L) + Threonine (646 mg/L) + Tryptophan (270 mg/L) + Tyrosine (300 mg/L) + Valine (1393 mg/L)SolutionIntraperitonealPOLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2019-05-23Not applicableTurkey flag
AZONEFROL-PD PERİTON DİYALİZ ÇÖZELTİSİ, 2000 ML TEKLİ TORBASodium lactate (4480 mg/L) + Alanine (951 mg/L) + Arginine (1071 mg/L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (184 mg/L) + Glycine (510 mg/L) + Histidine (714 mg/L) + Isoleucine (850 mg/L) + Leucine (1020 mg/L) + Lysine hydrochloride (955 mg/L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (51 mg/L) + N-Acetylmethionine (850 mg/L) + Phenylalanine (570 mg/L) + Proline (595 mg/L) + Serine (510 mg/L) + Sodium chloride (5380 mg/L) + Threonine (646 mg/L) + Tryptophan (270 mg/L) + Tyrosine (300 mg/L) + Valine (1393 mg/L)SolutionIntraperitonealPOLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2019-05-23Not applicableTurkey flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
1/6 MOLAR SODYUM LAKTAT 1000 ML SOLUSYON SETLI SISESodium lactate (1.87 g/100mL)SolutionIntravenousOSEL İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2018-12-25Not applicableTurkey flag
1/6 MOLAR SODYUM LAKTAT 1000 ML SOLUSYON SETSIZ SISESodium lactate (1.87 g/100mL)SolutionIntravenousOSEL İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2018-12-25Not applicableTurkey flag
1/6 MOLAR SODYUM LAKTAT 500 ML SOLUSYON SETLI SISESodium lactate (1.87 g/100mL)SolutionIntravenousOSEL İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2018-12-25Not applicableTurkey flag
1/6 MOLAR SODYUM LAKTAT 500 ML SOLUSYON SETSIZ SISESodium lactate (1.87 g/100mL)SolutionIntravenousOSEL İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2018-12-25Not applicableTurkey flag
BALANCE %1,5 GLIKOZ 1,25 MMOL / 1 KALSIYUM 2000 ML BIOFIN TORBASodium lactate (3.925 g/L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.1838 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (16.5 g/L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.1017 g/L) + Sodium chloride (5.64 g/L)SolutionIntraperitonealFRESENIUS MEDİKAL HİZMETLER A.Ş.2013-01-29Not applicableTurkey flag

Categories

ATC Codes
G01AD01 — Lactic acid
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Hydroxy acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Secondary alcohols / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
Substituents
Alcohol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alpha-hydroxy acid / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Hydrocarbon derivative / Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid (CHEBI:78320)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
3B8D35Y7S4
CAS number
50-21-5
InChI Key
JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)
IUPAC Name
2-hydroxypropanoic acid
SMILES
CC(O)C(O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Yoshihide Hagiwara, Miyauchi Tetsuji, Yuki Morimasa, "Process for preparing food products containing a lactic acid bacteria-fermented product of a cereal germ." U.S. Patent US4056637, issued February, 1933.

US4056637
General References
  1. Drugs.com: Phexxi Approval History [Link]
  2. FDA Approved Drug Products: PHEXXI (lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate) vaginal gel [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0144295
KEGG Drug
D00111
KEGG Compound
C01432
PubChem Compound
612
PubChem Substance
46505582
ChemSpider
592
BindingDB
23233
RxNav
1314409
ChEBI
78320
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1200559
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Lactic_acid

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • Contract Pharm
  • Groupe Parima Inc.
  • Paddock Labs
  • PEDiNOL
  • Philipp Thomas Usa LLC
  • Rising Pharmaceuticals
  • River's Edge Pharmaceuticals
  • Sheffield Laboratories Div Faria Limited LLC
  • Sonar Products Inc.
  • Stratus Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Synthera Dr Friedrichs Gmgh Co. KG
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionIntravenous1.87 g/100mL
GelVaginal225 mg
SolutionIntraperitoneal0.2573 g/l
SolutionIntraperitoneal0.1838 g/L
Solution
PelletOral0.001 g/1g
LiquidTopical45 mg/500mL
SolutionIntravenous0.27 g/1000ml
SolutionIntraperitoneal
Injection, solutionIntravenous
SolutionIntraperitoneal; Irrigation
SolutionIntraperitoneal1.500 g
Injection, solutionIntraperitoneal
LiquidHemodialysis
SolutionTopical16.7 %
TinctureTopical
SolutionOral
SolutionIntraperitoneal25.7 mg/100ml
PowderOral0.0316 mg/1mg
SolutionOther57 g/100ml
SolutionUnknown
SolutionExtracorporeal
SolutionIntravenous600.0 mg
LiquidTopical0.01 mg/1mL
LiquidIntraperitoneal
SolutionHemodialysis; Intraperitoneal
PatchTopical
Tablet, chewableOral
SolutionTopical
LotionTopical12 g
SolutionOral160 g/L
InjectionIntravenous20 mg/100ml
LiquidIrrigation
IrrigantIrrigation
Solution, for slushIrrigation
SolutionIrrigation
CreamTopical100 mg/1g
LotionTopical.1 mL/1mL
LotionTopical1 g/10mL
CreamTopical
GelTopical
LotionTopical
CreamTopical10 %
LotionTopical35.484 mL/354.84mL
CreamTopical11.34 g/113.4g
InjectionIntravenous0.027 % w/v
SolutionIntraperitoneal2.500 g
SolutionIntraperitoneal0.184 g/l
LotionTopical5 %
InjectionIntravenous
LiquidIntravenous
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral
SolutionHemodialysis; Intravenous0.27 g/l
KitHemodialysis
SolutionIntravenous
SolutionHemodialysis; Intravenous
SolutionHemodialysis
SolutionHemodialysis0.257 g/l
SolutionIntravenous0.1 g/500ml
SolutionIrrigation; Topical
SolutionTopical8.85 % w/v
SolutionIntravenous50.000 mL
SolutionOral11.700 mg
Injection, solutionParenteral
Injection, solutionParenteral11.2 %
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous
Injection, solutionParenteral1.87 %
Injection, solutionIntravenous1.87 g/100mL
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous5.6 g/10mL
SolutionParenteral1.500 g
SolutionParenteral2.500 g
SolutionParenteral25.700 mg
SolutionOral0.012 g
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous
SolutionParenteral
SolutionIntravenous; Irrigation
GelVaginal4.5 g
SyrupCutaneous
LiquidTopical
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US6077836No2000-06-202017-06-20US flag
US6248726No2001-06-192018-06-19US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)16.8 °CPhysProp
boiling point (°C)122 °C at 1.50E+01 mm HgPhysProp
water solubility1E+006 mg/LMERCK INDEX (1996)
logP-0.72HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
pKa3.86 (at 20 °C)KORTUM,G ET AL (1961)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility562.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.79ALOGPS
logP-0.47Chemaxon
logS0.79ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.78Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.7Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area57.53 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count1Chemaxon
Refractivity18.84 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability8.05 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-014i-1900000000-e4b0458c1830f2273dbf
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-00kb-9000000000-e9462d6d6eeac598b73b
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOFGC-MSsplash10-00kb-0900000000-31df199e59f138c8cc73
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-6b805941ef8da414e517
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-9000000000-32a7c59ca2c276cf73a6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-b5a4f0cdc18a45622b3b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-9000000000-ebec237b829c4f47b934
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-a3a400c5ff0a137c6549
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00dr-9000000000-633a0904f91963b61b22
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-164578dc216a66b093b0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0007-9000000000-51f2d94939ebbac87aa5
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-108.5032215
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-124.62436
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+110.0780215
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+127.41325
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+108.9897215
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+135.60988
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Curator comments
The references provide evidence of inhibition by lactate molecule.
General Function
Transcriptional repressor activity, bacterial-type rna polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
Specific Function
Oxidizes proline to glutamate for use as a carbon and nitrogen source and also function as a transcriptional repressor of the put operon.
Gene Name
putA
Uniprot ID
P09546
Uniprot Name
Bifunctional protein PutA
Molecular Weight
143813.665 Da
References
  1. Zhang M, White TA, Schuermann JP, Baban BA, Becker DF, Tanner JJ: Structures of the Escherichia coli PutA proline dehydrogenase domain in complex with competitive inhibitors. Biochemistry. 2004 Oct 5;43(39):12539-48. doi: 10.1021/bi048737e. [Article]
  2. Lee YH, Nadaraia S, Gu D, Becker DF, Tanner JJ: Structure of the proline dehydrogenase domain of the multifunctional PutA flavoprotein. Nat Struct Biol. 2003 Feb;10(2):109-14. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Deinococcus radiodurans (strain ATCC 13939 / DSM 20539 / JCM 16871 / LMG 4051 / NBRC 15346 / NCIMB 9279 / R1 / VKM B-1422)
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity
Specific Function
Not Available
Gene Name
Not Available
Uniprot ID
Q9RW27
Uniprot Name
NimA-related protein
Molecular Weight
21890.23 Da

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Symporter activity
Specific Function
Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucin...
Gene Name
SLC16A7
Uniprot ID
O60669
Uniprot Name
Monocarboxylate transporter 2
Molecular Weight
52199.745 Da
References
  1. Lin RY, Vera JC, Chaganti RS, Golde DW: Human monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a high affinity pyruvate transporter. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 30;273(44):28959-65. [Article]
  2. Broer S, Broer A, Schneider HP, Stegen C, Halestrap AP, Deitmer JW: Characterization of the high-affinity monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Biochem J. 1999 Aug 1;341 ( Pt 3):529-35. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost.
Gene Name
SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID
O94956
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
Molecular Weight
76709.98 Da
References
  1. Kobayashi D, Nozawa T, Imai K, Nezu J, Tsuji A, Tamai I: Involvement of human organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B (SLC21A9) in pH-dependent transport across intestinal apical membrane. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Aug;306(2):703-8. Epub 2003 Apr 30. [Article]
  2. Nozawa T, Imai K, Nezu J, Tsuji A, Tamai I: Functional characterization of pH-sensitive organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B in human. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):438-45. Epub 2003 Nov 10. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Symporter activity
Specific Function
Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucin...
Gene Name
SLC16A1
Uniprot ID
P53985
Uniprot Name
Monocarboxylate transporter 1
Molecular Weight
53943.685 Da
References
  1. Lin RY, Vera JC, Chaganti RS, Golde DW: Human monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a high affinity pyruvate transporter. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 30;273(44):28959-65. [Article]
  2. Broer S, Schneider HP, Broer A, Rahman B, Hamprecht B, Deitmer JW: Characterization of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by changes in cytosolic pH. Biochem J. 1998 Jul 1;333 ( Pt 1):167-74. [Article]
  3. Broer S, Rahman B, Pellegri G, Pellerin L, Martin JL, Verleysdonk S, Hamprecht B, Magistretti PJ: Comparison of lactate transport in astroglial cells and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT 1) expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes. Expression of two different monocarboxylate transporters in astroglial cells and neurons. J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 28;272(48):30096-102. [Article]
  4. Tamai I, Sai Y, Ono A, Kido Y, Yabuuchi H, Takanaga H, Satoh E, Ogihara T, Amano O, Izeki S, Tsuji A: Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of pH-dependent intestinal absorption of weak organic acids by the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;51(10):1113-21. [Article]
  5. Takanaga H, Tamai I, Inaba S, Sai Y, Higashida H, Yamamoto H, Tsuji A: cDNA cloning and functional characterization of rat intestinal monocarboxylate transporter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Dec 5;217(1):370-7. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Transporter activity
Specific Function
Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells (By similarity).
Gene Name
SLC16A10
Uniprot ID
Q8TF71
Uniprot Name
Monocarboxylate transporter 10
Molecular Weight
55492.07 Da
References
  1. Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. [Article]
  2. Kim DK, Kanai Y, Matsuo H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto A, Cha SH, Goya T, Endou H: The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location. Genomics. 2002 Jan;79(1):95-103. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
May mediate the release of newly synthesized prostaglandins from cells, the transepithelial transport of prostaglandins, and the clearance of prostaglandins from the circulation. Transports PGD2, a...
Gene Name
SLCO2A1
Uniprot ID
Q92959
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1
Molecular Weight
70043.33 Da
References
  1. Chan BS, Endo S, Kanai N, Schuster VL: Identification of lactate as a driving force for prostanoid transport by prostaglandin transporter PGT. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2002 Jun;282(6):F1097-102. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Symporter activity
Specific Function
Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine...
Gene Name
SLC16A3
Uniprot ID
O15427
Uniprot Name
Monocarboxylate transporter 4
Molecular Weight
49468.9 Da
References
  1. Manning Fox JE, Meredith D, Halestrap AP: Characterisation of human monocarboxylate transporter 4 substantiates its role in lactic acid efflux from skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2000 Dec 1;529 Pt 2:285-93. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48