Identification
- Generic Name
- NN344
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB05115
- Background
NN344 is a neutral, soluble long-acting human insulin analogue with 24 hour coverage by once daily injection. NN344 has a very flat and predictable action profile. The product is intended for basal insulin treatment of diabetes mellitus.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Investigational
- Synonyms
- Not Available
Pharmacology
- Indication
Investigated for use/treatment in diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2.
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Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
NN344 binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of NN344 to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism.
Target Actions Organism UInsulin receptor Not Available Humans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcarbose The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Acarbose is combined with NN344. Acebutolol The therapeutic efficacy of NN344 can be increased when used in combination with Acebutolol. Acenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be increased when combined with NN344. Acetaminophen The metabolism of Acetaminophen can be increased when combined with NN344. Acetazolamide The risk or severity of hypoglycemia can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with NN344. - Food Interactions
- Not Available
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Blood Glucose Lowering Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Hormones
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- Insulin
- Insulin, Long-Acting
- Pancreatic Hormones
- Peptide Hormones
- Peptides
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- Not Available
- CAS number
- Not Available
- InChI Key
- Not Available
- InChI
- Not Available
- IUPAC Name
- Not Available
- SMILES
- Not Available
References
- General References
- Klein O, Lynge J, Endahl L, Damholt B, Nosek L, Heise T: Albumin-bound basal insulin analogues (insulin detemir and NN344): comparable time-action profiles but less variability than insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007 May;9(3):290-9. [Article]
- Jonassen I, Havelund S, Ribel U, Plum A, Loftager M, Hoeg-Jensen T, Volund A, Markussen J: Biochemical and physiological properties of a novel series of long-acting insulin analogs obtained by acylation with cholic acid derivatives. Pharm Res. 2006 Jan;23(1):49-55. Epub 2006 Dec 21. [Article]
- External Links
- PubChem Substance
- 347909955
Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
- Not Available
- Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (...
- Gene Name
- INSR
- Uniprot ID
- P06213
- Uniprot Name
- Insulin receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 156331.465 Da
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Barnett CR, Wilson J, Wolf CR, Flatt PR, Ioannides C: Hyperinsulinaemia causes a preferential increase in hepatic P4501A2 activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Mar 17;43(6):1255-61. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90500-i. [Article]
- Pass GJ, Becker W, Kluge R, Linnartz K, Plum L, Giesen K, Joost HG: Effect of hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes-like hyperglycemia on expression of hepatic cytochrome p450 and glutathione s-transferase isoforms in a New Zealand obese-derived mouse backcross population. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Aug;302(2):442-50. doi: 10.1124/jpet.102.033553. [Article]
Drug created at October 21, 2007 22:23 / Updated at June 12, 2020 16:52