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IdentificationPharmacologyInteractionsReferencesTrialsEconomicsPropertiesSpectraTaxonomyAmmonium chloride
Identification
- Name
- Ammonium chloride
- Accession Number
- DB06767
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
- Description
Ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl and a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic.
- Structure
Structure for DB06767 (Ammonium chloride)
- Synonyms
- Not Available
- External IDs
- E 510 / E-510 / FEMA NO. 4494 / Ins no.510 / Ins-510
- Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Acidax Inj 0.9% USP Liquid .9 % Intravenous Wentworth Hall 1986-12-31 1997-05-30 Canada 
- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Ammonium Chloride Injection, solution, concentrate 5 meq/mL Intravenous Hospira, Inc. 1984-06-13 2017-06-20 US 
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Acididyn Tab Ammonium chloride (32.4 mg) + Betaine hydrochloride (178.2 mg) Tablet Oral Nutri Dyn Products Ltd. 1975-12-31 1997-08-22 Canada Babys Own Cough Syr Ammonium chloride (910 mg) + Guaifenesin (1 g) + Mepyramine maleate (160 mg) Liquid Oral G.T. Fulford Pharmaceuticals 1977-12-31 1998-06-25 Canada Balminil Codeine Night Time + Expectorant Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Codeine phosphate (3.33 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg) Liquid Oral Rougier Pharma Division Of Ratiopharm Inc 2003-06-03 2015-10-01 Canada Balminil Night-time Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (15 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg) Syrup Oral Teva 2001-03-20 Not applicable Canada Bemosin Tab Ammonium chloride (97.2 mg) + Betaine hydrochloride (130 mg) + Pepsin (130 mg) Tablet Oral Therapeutic Foods Co. 1988-12-31 2003-07-16 Canada Betasin Tab Ammonium chloride (97.2 mg) + Betaine hydrochloride (130 mg) + Pepsin (130 mg) Tablet Oral Bio Vita 1987-12-31 1996-09-09 Canada Bronch Eze Ammonium chloride (100 mg) + Ephedrine hydrochloride (4 mg) Syrup Oral Pharmavite Laboratories (1987) Inc. 1984-12-31 2000-08-18 Canada Bronchodex Fort-DM Syr Ammonium chloride (129.6 mg) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (15 mg) + Menthol (.405 mg) + Mepyramine maleate (10 mg) + Sodium Citrate (64.8 mg) Syrup Oral Therapex Division De E Z Em Canada Inc 1980-12-31 1997-07-22 Canada Calmylin Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Codeine phosphate (3.33 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg) Liquid Oral Teva 1981-12-31 Not applicable Canada Calmylin #4 Syr Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (15 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg) Syrup Oral Technilab Pharma Inc. 1992-12-31 2003-09-24 Canada - Categories
- Acidifiers
- Acidifying Agents
- Acids
- Acids, Noncarboxylic
- Ammonium Compounds
- Anions
- Blood and Blood Forming Organs
- Blood Substitutes and Perfusion Solutions
- Chlorides
- Chlorine Compounds
- Electrolyte Solutions
- Electrolytes
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Hydrochloric Acid
- I.V. Solution Additives
- Ions
- Nitrogen Compounds
- Urinary Acidifying Agents
- Urologicals
- UNII
- 01Q9PC255D
- CAS number
- 12125-02-9
- Weight
- Average: 53.491
Monoisotopic: 53.00322684 - Chemical Formula
- ClH4N
- InChI Key
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3
- IUPAC Name
- ammonium chloride
- SMILES
- [NH4+].[Cl-]
Pharmacology
- Indication
- Expectorant in cough syrups.
- The ammonium ion (NH4+) in the body plays an important role in the maintenance of acid-base balance. The kidney uses ammonium (NH4+) in place of sodium (Na+) to combine with fixed anions in maintaining acid-base balance, especially as a homeostatic compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis. The therapeutic effects of Ammonium Chloride depend upon the ability of the kidney to utilize ammonia in the excretion of an excess of fixed anions and the conversion of ammonia to urea by the liver, thereby liberating hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl–) ions into the extracellular fluid. Ammonium Chloride Injection, USP, after dilution in isotonic sodium chloride injection, may be indicated in the treatment of patients with: (1) hypochloremic states and (2) metabolic alkalosis.
- Associated Conditions
- Pharmacodynamics
Systemic acidifier. In liver ammonium chloride is converted into urea with the liberation of hydrogen ions ( which lowers the pH) and chloride.
- Mechanism of action
- Increases acidity by increasing the amount of hydrogen ion concentrations.
- Ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant in cough medicine. Its expectorant action is caused by irritative action on the bronchial mucosa, which causes the production of excess respiratory tract fluid and make it easier to cough it up.
- Absorption
Completely absorbed within 3–6 h. In healthy persons, absorption of ammonium chloride given by mouth was practically complete. Only 1 to 3% of the dose was recovered in the feces.
- Volume of distribution
Data not found.
- Protein binding
Data not found.
- Metabolism
Ammonium ion is converted to urea in the liver; chloride ion replaces bicarbonate.
- Route of elimination
Excretion: Urine
- Half life
Unknown
- Clearance
Data not found.
- Toxicity
LD50 "Rat" after oral administration is: 1650 mg/kg. Overdosage of Ammonium Chloride has resulted in a serious degree of metabolic acidosis, disorientation, confusion and coma. If metabolic acidosis occur following overdosage, the administration of an alkalinizing solution such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium lactate will serve to correct the acidosis.
Patients administering Ammonium chloride should be watched to the signs of ammonia toxicity including (pallor, sweating, irregular breathing, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, local and general twitching, tonic convulsions and coma). It should be used with caution in patients with high total CO2 and buffer base secondary to primary respiratory acidosis. Intravenous administration should be slow to avoid local irritation and toxic effects.
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction Drug group 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine The serum concentration of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental, Illicit 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine The serum concentration of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine The serum concentration of 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental, Illicit 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine The serum concentration of 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental, Illicit Acetylsalicylic acid The serum concentration of Acetylsalicylic acid can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Vet Approved Alfentanil Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Alfentanil which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit Aloxiprin The serum concentration of Aloxiprin can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental Alphacetylmethadol Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Alphacetylmethadol which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental, Illicit Alphaprodine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Alphaprodine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Illicit Amiloride The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amiloride is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Aminosalicylic Acid The serum concentration of Aminosalicylic Acid can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Amphetamine The serum concentration of Amphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Balsalazide The serum concentration of Balsalazide can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Investigational Benzphetamine The serum concentration of Benzphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Illicit Bezitramide Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Bezitramide which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental, Illicit, Withdrawn Buprenorphine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Buprenorphine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved Butorphanol Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Butorphanol which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit, Vet Approved Carbaspirin calcium The serum concentration of Carbaspirin calcium can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental, Investigational Carfentanil Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Carfentanil which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved Chlorphentermine The serum concentration of Chlorphentermine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Illicit, Withdrawn Chlorpropamide The serum concentration of Chlorpropamide can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Investigational Codeine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Codeine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit Dersalazine The serum concentration of Dersalazine can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Investigational Dextroamphetamine The serum concentration of Dextroamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Illicit Dextromoramide Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Dextromoramide which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental, Illicit Dextropropoxyphene Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Dextropropoxyphene which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Withdrawn Dezocine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Dezocine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Investigational Diethylpropion The serum concentration of Diethylpropion can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Illicit Diflunisal The serum concentration of Diflunisal can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Investigational Dihydrocodeine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Dihydrocodeine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit Dihydroetorphine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Dihydroetorphine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental, Illicit Dihydromorphine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Dihydromorphine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental, Illicit Diphenoxylate Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Diphenoxylate which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit DPDPE Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of DPDPE which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental Eplerenone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Eplerenone is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Ethylmorphine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Ethylmorphine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit Etorphine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Etorphine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Illicit, Vet Approved Fentanyl Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Fentanyl which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet Approved Gepefrine The serum concentration of Gepefrine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental Guacetisal The serum concentration of Guacetisal can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental Hemoglobin crosfumaril The serum concentration of Hemoglobin crosfumaril can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental Heroin Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Heroin which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Hydrocodone Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Hydrocodone which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit Hydromorphone Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Hydromorphone which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit Hydroxyamphetamine The serum concentration of Hydroxyamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Iofetamine I-123 The serum concentration of Iofetamine I-123 can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Ketobemidone Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Ketobemidone which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Investigational Levomethadyl Acetate Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Levomethadyl Acetate which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Investigational Levorphanol Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Levorphanol which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved Lisdexamfetamine The serum concentration of Lisdexamfetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Investigational Lofentanil Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Lofentanil which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Illicit Mecamylamine The serum concentration of Mecamylamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Investigational Mephedrone The serum concentration of Mephedrone can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Investigational Mephentermine The serum concentration of Mephentermine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Meptazinol Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Meptazinol which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental Mesalazine The serum concentration of Mesalazine can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Methadone Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Methadone which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved Methadyl Acetate Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Methadyl Acetate which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit Methamphetamine The serum concentration of Methamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Illicit Methoxyphenamine The serum concentration of Methoxyphenamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental Methyl salicylate The serum concentration of Methyl salicylate can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Vet Approved Midomafetamine The serum concentration of Midomafetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental, Illicit, Investigational MMDA The serum concentration of MMDA can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Experimental, Illicit Morphine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Morphine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Investigational Nalbuphine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Nalbuphine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved Nicomorphine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Nicomorphine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental Nitroaspirin The serum concentration of Nitroaspirin can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Investigational Normethadone Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Normethadone which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit Olsalazine The serum concentration of Olsalazine can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Opium Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Opium which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit Oxycodone Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Oxycodone which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Illicit, Investigational Oxymorphone Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Oxymorphone which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Pentazocine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Pentazocine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Vet Approved Pethidine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Pethidine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved Phenazocine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Phenazocine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental Phenoperidine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Phenoperidine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental Phentermine The serum concentration of Phentermine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Illicit Phenyl aminosalicylate The serum concentration of Phenyl aminosalicylate can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Piritramide Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Piritramide which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Investigational Pseudoephedrine The serum concentration of Pseudoephedrine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Remifentanil Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Remifentanil which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved Ritobegron The serum concentration of Ritobegron can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Investigational Salicylic acid The serum concentration of Salicylic acid can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved, Investigational, Vet Approved Spironolactone The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Spironolactone is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Sufentanil Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Sufentanil which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Investigational Tapentadol Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Tapentadol which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved Tilidine Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Tilidine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Experimental Tramadol Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Tramadol which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Approved, Investigational Triamterene The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Triamterene is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved Trolamine salicylate The serum concentration of Trolamine salicylate can be increased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Approved - Food Interactions
- Not Available
References
- General References
- product info [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Compound
- C12538
- PubChem Compound
- 25517
- PubChem Substance
- 347827792
- ChemSpider
- 23807
- ChEBI
- 31206
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1200939
- PharmGKB
- PA448392
- Wikipedia
- Ammonium_chloride
- ATC Codes
- G04BA01 — Ammonium chlorideB05XA04 — Ammonium chloride
- AHFS Codes
- 40:04.00 — Acidifying Agents
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 1 Completed Basic Science Healthy Volunteers 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Liquid Intravenous .9 % Tablet Oral Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous 5 meq/mL Syrup Oral Liquid Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 350 ° C (Sublimes) NIOSH, 2016 boiling point (°C) Sublimes NIOSH, 2016 - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 124.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.21 ALOGPS logP 0.61 ChemAxon logS 0.37 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) -7 ChemAxon Physiological Charge -1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon Refractivity 5.62 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 2.39 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 0 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule Yes ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as other non-metal halides. These are inorganic compounds containing 'other non-metals' and halogen.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Homogeneous non-metal compounds
- Class
- Other non-metal halides
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Other non-metal halides
- Alternative Parents
- Inorganic chloride salts
- Substituents
- Other non-metal halide / Inorganic chloride salt / Inorganic salt
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- ammonium salt, inorganic chloride (CHEBI:31206)
Drug created on September 14, 2010 10:21 / Updated on June 19, 2018 10:51