Ammonium chloride

Identification

Name

Ammonium chloride

Accession Number

DB06767

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Investigational, Vet approved

Description

Ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl and a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic.

Structure

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MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI

Similar Structures

Structure for Ammonium chloride (DB06767)

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Synonyms

Not Available

External IDs

E 510 / E-510 / FEMA NO. 4494 / Ins no.510 / Ins-510

Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Acidax Inj 0.9% USP	Liquid	.9 %	Intravenous	Wentworth Hall	1986-12-31	1997-05-30

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Ammonium Chloride	Injection, solution, concentrate	5 meq/1mL	Intravenous	Hospira, Inc.	2005-02-28	2012-01-01

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Acididyn Tab	Ammonium chloride (32.4 mg) + Betaine hydrochloride (178.2 mg)	Tablet	Oral	Nutri Dyn Products Ltd.	1975-12-31	1997-08-22
Babys Own Cough Syr	Ammonium chloride (910 mg) + Guaifenesin (1 g) + Mepyramine maleate (160 mg)	Liquid	Oral	G.T. Fulford Pharmaceuticals	1977-12-31	1998-06-25
Balminil Codeine Night Time + Expectorant	Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Codeine phosphate (3.33 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg)	Liquid	Oral	Rougier Pharma Division Of Ratiopharm Inc	2003-06-03	2015-10-01
Balminil Night-time	Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (15 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg)	Syrup	Oral	Teva	2001-03-20	Not applicable
Bemosin Tab	Ammonium chloride (97.2 mg) + Betaine hydrochloride (130 mg) + Pepsin (130 mg)	Tablet	Oral	Therapeutic Foods Co.	1988-12-31	2003-07-16
Betasin Tab	Ammonium chloride (97.2 mg) + Betaine hydrochloride (130 mg) + Pepsin (130 mg)	Tablet	Oral	Bio Vita	1987-12-31	1996-09-09
Bronch Eze	Ammonium chloride (100 mg) + Ephedrine hydrochloride (4 mg)	Syrup	Oral	Pharmavite Laboratories (1987) Inc.	1984-12-31	2000-08-18
Calmylin	Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Codeine phosphate (3.33 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg)	Liquid	Oral	Teva	1981-12-31	Not applicable
Calmylin #4 Syr	Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (15 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg)	Syrup	Oral	Technilab Pharma Inc.	1992-12-31	2003-09-24
Cheracol Cough Syrup	Ammonium chloride (91 mg) + Codeine phosphate (10 mg) + Ethanol (3 %) + Guaifenesin (100 mg)	Syrup	Oral	Shire Pharma Canada Ulc	1992-12-31	2003-07-18

Categories

• Acidifiers
• Acidifying Agents
• Acids
• Acids, Noncarboxylic
• Agents causing hyperkalemia
• Ammonium Compounds
• Anions
• Blood and Blood Forming Organs
• Blood Substitutes and Perfusion Solutions
• Chlorides
• Chlorine Compounds
• Electrolyte Solutions
• Electrolytes
• Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
• Hydrochloric Acid
• I.V. Solution Additives
• Ions
• Nitrogen Compounds
• Urinary Acidifying Agents
• Urologicals

UNII

01Q9PC255D

CAS number

12125-02-9

Weight

Average: 53.491
Monoisotopic: 53.00322684

Chemical Formula

ClH₄N

InChI Key

NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3

IUPAC Name

ammonium chloride

SMILES

[NH4+].[Cl-]

Pharmacology

Indication

1. Expectorant in cough syrups.
2. The ammonium ion (NH4+) in the body plays an important role in the maintenance of acid-base balance. The kidney uses ammonium (NH4+) in place of sodium (Na+) to combine with fixed anions in maintaining acid-base balance, especially as a homeostatic compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis. The therapeutic effects of Ammonium Chloride depend upon the ability of the kidney to utilize ammonia in the excretion of an excess of fixed anions and the conversion of ammonia to urea by the liver, thereby liberating hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl–) ions into the extracellular fluid. Ammonium Chloride Injection, USP, after dilution in isotonic sodium chloride injection, may be indicated in the treatment of patients with: (1) hypochloremic states and (2) metabolic alkalosis.

Associated Conditions

• Metabolic Alkalosis
• Hypochloremic state

Pharmacodynamics

Systemic acidifier. In liver ammonium chloride is converted into urea with the liberation of hydrogen ions ( which lowers the pH) and chloride.

Mechanism of action

1. Increases acidity by increasing the amount of hydrogen ion concentrations.
2. Ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant in cough medicine. Its expectorant action is caused by irritative action on the bronchial mucosa, which causes the production of excess respiratory tract fluid and make it easier to cough it up.

Absorption

Completely absorbed within 3–6 h. In healthy persons, absorption of ammonium chloride given by mouth was practically complete. Only 1 to 3% of the dose was recovered in the feces.

Volume of distribution

Data not found.

Protein binding

Data not found.

Metabolism

Ammonium ion is converted to urea in the liver; chloride ion replaces bicarbonate.

Route of elimination

Excretion: Urine

Half life

Unknown

Clearance

Data not found.

Toxicity

LD50 "Rat" after oral administration is: 1650 mg/kg. Overdosage of Ammonium Chloride has resulted in a serious degree of metabolic acidosis, disorientation, confusion and coma. If metabolic acidosis occur following overdosage, the administration of an alkalinizing solution such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium lactate will serve to correct the acidosis.

Patients administering Ammonium chloride should be watched to the signs of ammonia toxicity including (pallor, sweating, irregular breathing, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, local and general twitching, tonic convulsions and coma). It should be used with caution in patients with high total CO2 and buffer base secondary to primary respiratory acidosis. Intravenous administration should be slow to avoid local irritation and toxic effects.

Affected organisms

• Humans and other mammals

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

• All Drugs
• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental

Drug	Interaction
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine	The serum concentration of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine	The serum concentration of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine	The serum concentration of 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride.
Abacavir	Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a higher serum level.
Acarbose	Acarbose may decrease the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a higher serum level.
Acebutolol	The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Acebutolol is combined with Ammonium chloride.
Aceclofenac	Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a higher serum level.
Acemetacin	Acemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetaminophen	Ammonium chloride may increase the excretion rate of Acetaminophen which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy.
Acetazolamide	Acetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy.

Food Interactions

Not Available

References

General References

1. product info [Link]

External Links

KEGG Compound

C12538

PubChem Compound

25517

PubChem Substance

347827792

ChemSpider

23807

ChEBI

31206

ChEMBL

CHEMBL1200939

PharmGKB

PA448392

Wikipedia

Ammonium_chloride

ATC Codes

G04BA01 — Ammonium chloride

• G04BA — Acidifiers
• G04B — UROLOGICALS
• G04 — UROLOGICALS
• G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES

B05XA04 — Ammonium chloride

• B05XA — Electrolyte solutions
• B05X — I.V. SOLUTION ADDITIVES
• B05 — BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND PERFUSION SOLUTIONS
• B — BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS

AHFS Codes

• 40:04.00 — Acidifying Agents

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
1	Completed	Basic Science	Healthy Volunteers	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage forms

Form	Route	Strength
Liquid	Intravenous	.9 %
Tablet	Oral
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous	5 meq/1mL
Syrup	Oral
Liquid	Oral

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	350 ° C (Sublimes)	NIOSH, 2016
boiling point (°C)	Sublimes	NIOSH, 2016

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	124.0 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	-0.21	ALOGPS
logP	0.61	ChemAxon
logS	0.37	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	-7	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å2	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	5.62 m3·mol-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	2.39 Å3	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available

Taxonomy

Description

This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as other non-metal halides. These are inorganic compounds containing 'other non-metals' and halogen.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Homogeneous non-metal compounds

Class

Other non-metal halides

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Other non-metal halides

Alternative Parents

Inorganic chloride salts

Substituents

Other non-metal halide / Inorganic chloride salt / Inorganic salt

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

ammonium salt, inorganic chloride (CHEBI:31206)

Drug created on September 14, 2010 10:21 / Updated on March 22, 2019 03:18