Ammonium chloride
Identification
- Name
- Ammonium chloride
- Accession Number
- DB06767
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
- Description
Ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl. It is highly soluble in water producing mildly acidic solutions.
- Structure
Structure for Ammonium chloride (DB06767)
- Synonyms
- Not Available
- External IDs
- E 510 / E-510 / FEMA NO. 4494 / Ins no.510 / Ins-510
- Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataAcidax Inj 0.9% USP Liquid Intravenous Wentworth Hall 1986-12-31 1997-05-30 Canada 
Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
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A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Unlock Additional DataAmmonium Chloride Injection, solution, concentrate 5 meq/1mL Intravenous Hospira, Inc. 2005-02-28 2012-01-01 US 
Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication Number
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
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- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Acididyn Tab Ammonium chloride (32.4 mg) + Betaine hydrochloride (178.2 mg) Tablet Oral Nutri Dyn Products Ltd. 1975-12-31 1997-08-22 Canada Babys Own Cough Syr Ammonium chloride (910 mg) + Guaifenesin (1 g) + Mepyramine maleate (160 mg) Liquid Oral G.T. Fulford Pharmaceuticals 1977-12-31 1998-06-25 Canada Balminil Codeine Night Time + Expectorant Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Codeine phosphate (3.33 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg) Liquid Oral Rougier Pharma Division Of Ratiopharm Inc 2003-06-03 2015-10-01 Canada Balminil Night-time Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (15 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg) Syrup Oral TEVA Canada Limited 2001-03-20 Not applicable Canada Bemosin Tab Ammonium chloride (97.2 mg) + Betaine hydrochloride (130 mg) + Pepsin (130 mg) Tablet Oral Therapeutic Foods Co. 1988-12-31 2003-07-16 Canada Betasin Tab Ammonium chloride (97.2 mg) + Betaine hydrochloride (130 mg) + Pepsin (130 mg) Tablet Oral Bio Vita 1987-12-31 1996-09-09 Canada Bronch Eze Ammonium chloride (100 mg) + Ephedrine hydrochloride (4 mg) Syrup Oral Pharmavite Laboratories (1987) Inc. 1984-12-31 2000-08-18 Canada Bronchodex Fort-DM Syr Ammonium chloride (129.6 mg) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (15 mg) + Levomenthol (.405 mg) + Mepyramine maleate (10 mg) + Sodium citrate (64.8 mg) Syrup Oral Therapex Division De E Z Em Canada Inc 1980-12-31 1997-07-22 Canada Calmylin Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Codeine phosphate (3.33 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg) Syrup Oral TEVA Canada Limited 1981-12-31 Not applicable Canada Calmylin #4 Syr Ammonium chloride (125 mg) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (15 mg) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg) Syrup Oral Technilab Pharma Inc. 1992-12-31 2003-09-24 Canada - Categories
- Acidifiers
- Acidifying Agents
- Acids
- Acids, Noncarboxylic
- Agents causing hyperkalemia
- Ammonium Compounds
- Anions
- Blood and Blood Forming Organs
- Blood Substitutes and Perfusion Solutions
- Chlorides
- Chlorine Compounds
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Electrolyte Solutions
- Electrolytes
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- I.V. Solution Additives
- Ions
- Nitrogen Compounds
- Urinary Acidifying Agents
- Urologicals
- UNII
- 01Q9PC255D
- CAS number
- 12125-02-9
- Weight
- Average: 53.491
Monoisotopic: 53.00322684 - Chemical Formula
- ClH4N
- InChI Key
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3
- IUPAC Name
- ammonium chloride
- SMILES
- [NH4+].[Cl-]
Pharmacology
- Indication
- Expectorant in cough syrups.
- The ammonium ion (NH4+) in the body plays an important role in the maintenance of acid-base balance. The kidney uses ammonium (NH4+) in place of sodium (Na+) to combine with fixed anions in maintaining acid-base balance, especially as a homeostatic compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis. The therapeutic effects of Ammonium Chloride depend upon the ability of the kidney to utilize ammonia in the excretion of an excess of fixed anions and the conversion of ammonia to urea by the liver, thereby liberating hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl–) ions into the extracellular fluid. Ammonium Chloride Injection, USP, after dilution in isotonic sodium chloride injection, may be indicated in the treatment of patients with: (1) hypochloremic states and (2) metabolic alkalosis.
- Associated Conditions
- Pharmacodynamics
Systemic acidifier. In liver ammonium chloride is converted into urea with the liberation of hydrogen ions ( which lowers the pH) and chloride.
- Mechanism of action
Ammonium chloride increases acidity by increasing the amount of hydrogen ion concentrations.
Ammonium chloride can be used as an expectorant due to its irritative action on the bronchial mucosa. This effect causes the production of respiratory tract fluid which in order facilitates the effective cough.
- Absorption
Completely absorbed within 3–6 h. In healthy persons, absorption of ammonium chloride given by mouth was practically complete. Only 1 to 3% of the dose was recovered in the feces.
- Volume of distribution
Data not found.
- Protein binding
Data not found.
- Metabolism
Ammonium ion is converted to urea in the liver; chloride ion replaces bicarbonate.
- Route of elimination
Excretion: Urine
- Half life
Unknown
- Clearance
Data not found.
- Toxicity
LD50 "Rat" after oral administration is: 1650 mg/kg. Overdosage of Ammonium Chloride has resulted in a serious degree of metabolic acidosis, disorientation, confusion and coma. If metabolic acidosis occur following overdosage, the administration of an alkalinizing solution such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium lactate will serve to correct the acidosis.
Patients administering Ammonium chloride should be watched to the signs of ammonia toxicity including (pallor, sweating, irregular breathing, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, local and general twitching, tonic convulsions and coma). It should be used with caution in patients with high total CO2 and buffer base secondary to primary respiratory acidosis. Intravenous administration should be slow to avoid local irritation and toxic effects.
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Comprehensive structured data on known drug adverse effects with statistical prevalence. MedDRA and ICD10 ids are provided for adverse effect conditions and symptoms.
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Learn moreInteractions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional Data2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine The serum concentration of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine The serum concentration of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine The serum concentration of 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine can be decreased when it is combined with Ammonium chloride. Abacavir Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a higher serum level. Acarbose Acarbose may decrease the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a higher serum level. Acebutolol The risk or severity of hyperkalemia can be increased when Acebutolol is combined with Ammonium chloride. Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a higher serum level. Acemetacin Acemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a higher serum level. Acetaminophen Acetaminophen may decrease the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a higher serum level. Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Ammonium chloride which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended Description
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
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- Evidence Level
- ActionAction
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
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- Food Interactions
- Not Available
References
- General References
- product info [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Compound
- C12538
- PubChem Compound
- 25517
- PubChem Substance
- 347827792
- ChemSpider
- 23807
- ChEBI
- 31206
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1200939
- PharmGKB
- PA448392
- Wikipedia
- Ammonium_chloride
- ATC Codes
- B05XA04 — Ammonium chloride
- B05XA — Electrolyte solutions
- B05X — I.V. SOLUTION ADDITIVES
- B05 — BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND PERFUSION SOLUTIONS
- B — BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS
- AHFS Codes
- 40:04.00 — Acidifying Agents
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 1 Completed Basic Science Healthy Volunteers 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage forms
Form Route Strength Liquid Intravenous Tablet Oral Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous 5 meq/1mL Liquid Oral Syrup Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 350 ° C (Sublimes) NIOSH, 2016 boiling point (°C) Sublimes NIOSH, 2016 - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 124.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.21 ALOGPS logP 0.61 ChemAxon logS 0.37 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) -7 ChemAxon Physiological Charge -1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon Refractivity 5.62 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 2.39 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 0 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule Yes ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Taxonomy
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as other non-metal halides. These are inorganic compounds containing 'other non-metals' and halogen.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Homogeneous non-metal compounds
- Class
- Other non-metal halides
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Other non-metal halides
- Alternative Parents
- Inorganic chloride salts
- Substituents
- Other non-metal halide / Inorganic chloride salt / Inorganic salt
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- ammonium salt, inorganic chloride (CHEBI:31206)
Drug created on September 14, 2010 10:21 / Updated on December 08, 2019 20:10