Nitrous acid

Identification

Summary

Nitrous acid is an iron binder used to reverse life-threatening acute cyanide poisoning.

Brand Names
Nithiodote
Generic Name
Nitrous acid
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09112
Background

Nitrous acid (as sodium nitrite) is used as part of an intravenous mixture with sodium thiosulfate to treat cyanide poisoning. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medications needed in a basic health system. There is also research to investigate its applicability towards treatments for heart attacks, brain aneurysms, pulmonary hypertension in infants, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 47.0134
Monoisotopic: 47.000728281
Chemical Formula
HNO2
Synonyms
  • dioxonitric acid
  • hydroxidooxidonitrogen
  • nitrosyl hydroxide

Pharmacology

Indication

For sequential use with sodium thiosulfate for the treatment of acute cyanide poisoning that is judged to be life-threatening Label.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to treatCyanide poisoningCombination Product in combination with: Thiosulfuric acid (DB09499)••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatToxic effect of hydrocyanic acid and cyanidesRegimen in combination with: Thiosulfuric acid (DB09499)•••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Sodium nitrite reverses cyanide toxicity and produces blood vessel dilation 1.

Mechanism of action

Cyanide has a high affinity for the oxidized form of iron (Fe3+) such as that found in cytochrome oxidase a3 2. Cyanide binds to and inhibits cytochrome oxidase a3, preventing oxidative phophorylation from occuring. The resultant lack of ATP cannot support normal cellular processes, particularly in the brain. Compensatory increases in anaerobic respiration result in rising levels of lactic acid and subsequent acidosis.

Nitrite primarily acts by oxidizing hemoglobin to methemoglobin 1. The now oxidized Fe3+ in methemoglobin also binds cyanide with high affinity and accepts cyanide from cytochrome a3. This leaves cytochrome a3 free to resume its function in oxidative phosphorylation. The slow dissociation of cyanide from methemoglobin allows hepatic enzymes such as rhodanese to detoxify the compound without further systemic toxicity occuring. Methemoglobin is reduced back to hemoglobin by methemoglobin reductase allowing the affected blood cells to resume normal functioning.

The reduction of nitrite by hemoglobin results in the formation of nitric oxide 3. Nitric oxide acts as a powerful vasodilator, producing vascular smooth muscle relaxation through activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and the subsequent cyclic guanylyl triphosphate mediated signalling cascade 4.

TargetActionsOrganism
AHemoglobin subunit alpha
oxidizer
Humans
AHemoglobin subunit beta
oxidizer
Humans
UMyoglobin
oxidizer
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Reduced by deoxyhemoglobin to form nitric oxide 3. Nitrite is also reduced to nitric oxide and further reduced to ammonia by gut bacteria 6. Nitrite can be oxidized to nitrate by oxyhemoglobin.

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Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Half life of 0.4-0.78h 5.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Oral LD50 of 157.9mg/kg observed in rats and 175mg/kg observed in mice MSDS. Estimated oral LD50 of 35mg/kg in humans 1. Sodium nitrite toxicity manifests as cardiovascular collapse following severe hypotension due to nitrite's vasodilatory action.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Interacting Gene/EnzymeAllele nameGenotype(s)Defining Change(s)Type(s)DescriptionDetails
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseVilleurbanneNot Available1000_1002delACCADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseTorunNot Available1006A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSunderlandNot Available105_107delCATADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseIwatsukiNot Available1081G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSerresNot Available1082C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseTondelaNot Available1084_1101delCTGAACGAGCGCAAGGCCADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseLoma LindaNot Available1089C->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAachenNot Available1089C->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseTenriNot Available1096A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMontpellierNot Available1132G>AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCalvo MackennaNot Available1138A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseRileyNot Available1139T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseOlomoucNot Available1141T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseTomahNot Available1153T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseLynwoodNot Available1154G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMadridNot Available1155C->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseIowa, Walter Reed, SpringfieldNot Available1156A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseBeverly Hills, Genova, Iwate, Niigata, YamaguchiNot Available1160G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHartfordNot Available1162A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenasePrahaNot Available1166A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseKrakowNot Available1175T>CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseWisconsinNot Available1177C->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseNashville, Anaheim, PorticiNot Available1178G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAlhambraNot Available1180G->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseBariNot Available1187C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenasePuerto LimonNot Available1192G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCovao do LoboNot Available1205C>AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseClinicNot Available1215G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseUtrechtNot Available1225C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSuwalkiNot Available1226C->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseRiversideNot Available1228G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseJapan, ShinagawaNot Available1229G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseKawasakiNot Available1229G->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMunichNot Available1231A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseGeorgiaNot Available1284C->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSumareNot Available1292T->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseTelti/KobeNot Available1318C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSantiago de Cuba, MoriokaNot Available1339G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHarimaNot Available1358T->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseFiguera da FozNot Available1366G->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAmiensNot Available1367A>TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseBangkok NoiNot Available1376G->T, 1502T->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseFukayaNot Available1462G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCampinasNot Available1463G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseBuenos AiresNot Available1465C>TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseArakawaNot Available1466C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseBrightonNot Available1488_1490delGAAADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseKozukataNot Available159G->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAmsterdamNot Available180_182delTCTADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseNo nameNot Available202G->A, 376A->G, 1264C>GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSwanseaNot Available224T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseUrayasuNot Available281_283delAGAADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseVancouverNot Available317C->G544C->T592C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMt SinaiNot Available376A->G, 1159C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenasePlymouthNot Available488G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseVolendamNot Available514C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseShinshuNot Available527A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseChikugoNot Available535A->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseTsukuiNot Available561_563delCTCADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenasePedoplis-CkaroNot Available573C>GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSantiagoNot Available593G->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMinnesota, Marion, Gastonia, LeJeuneNot Available637G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCincinnatiNot Available637G->T, 1037A->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHarilaouNot Available648T->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseNorth DallasNot Available683_685delACAADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAsahikawaNot Available695G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseDurhamNot Available713A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseStonybrookNot Available724_729delGGCACTADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseWayneNot Available769C->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAveiroNot Available806G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCleveland CorumNot Available820G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseLilleNot Available821A>TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseBangkokNot Available825G>CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSugaoNot Available826C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseLa JollaNot Available832T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseWexhamNot Available833C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenasePiotrkowNot Available851T>CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseWest VirginiaNot Available910G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseOmiyaNot Available921G->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseNaraNot Available953_976delCCACCAAAGGGTACCTGGAC GACCADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseManhattanNot Available962G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseRehevotNot Available964T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHoniaraNot Available99A->G / 1360C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseTokyo, FukushimaNot Available1246G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseChathamNot Available1003G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseFushanNot Available1004C->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenasePartenopeNot Available1052G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseIerapetraNot Available1057C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAnadiaNot Available1193A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAbenoNot Available1220A->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSurabayaNot Available1291G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenasePawneeNot Available1316G->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseS. AntiocoNot Available1342A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCassanoNot Available1347G->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHermoupolisNot Available1347G->C / 1360C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseUnion,Maewo, Chinese-2, KaloNot Available1360C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAndalusNot Available1361G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCosenzaNot Available1376G->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCanton, Taiwan- Hakka, Gifu-like, Agrigento-likeNot Available1376G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseFloresNot Available1387C->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseKaiping, Anant, Dhon, Sapporo-like, WoseraNot Available1388G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseKamogawaNot Available169C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCostanzoNot Available179T>CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAmazoniaNot Available185C->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSongklanagarindNot Available196T->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHechiNot Available202G->A / 871G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseNamouruNot Available208T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseBao LocNot Available352T>CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCrispimNot Available375G->T, 379G->T383T->C384C>TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAcrokorinthosNot Available376A->G / 463C->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSanta MariaNot Available376A->G / 542A->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAnanindeuaNot Available376A->G / 871G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseVanua LavaNot Available383T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseValladolidNot Available406C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseBelemNot Available409C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseLiuzhouNot Available442G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseShenzenNot Available473G>AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseTaipei “Chinese- 3”Not Available493A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseToledoNot Available496C>TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseNaoneNot Available497G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseNankangNot Available517T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMiaoliNot Available519C->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMediterranean, Dallas, Panama‚ Sassari, Cagliari, BirminghamNot Available563C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseCoimbra ShundeNot Available592C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseNilgiriNot Available593G>AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseRadlowoNot Available679C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseRoubaixNot Available811G>CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHaikouNot Available835A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseChinese-1Not Available835A->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMizushimaNot Available848A>GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseOsakaNot Available853C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseViangchan, JammuNot Available871G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSeoulNot Available916G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseLudhianaNot Available929G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseFarroupilhaNot Available977C->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseChinese-5Not Available1024C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseRignanoNot Available130G>AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseOrissaNot Available131C->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseG6PDNiceNot Available1380G>CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseKamiube, KeelungNot Available1387C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseNeapolisNot Available1400C->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAuresNot Available143T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSplitNot Available1442C->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseKambosNot Available148C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenasePalestrinaNot Available170G>AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMetapontoNot Available172G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMusashinoNot Available185C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseAsahiNot Available202G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseA- (202), Ferrara INot Available202G->A / 376A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMurcia OristanoNot Available209A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseUbe KonanNot Available241C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseLagosantoNot Available242G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseGuangzhouNot Available274C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHammersmithNot Available323T->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSinnaiNot Available34G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseA- (680)Not Available376A->G / 680G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseA- (968), Betica,Selma, GuantanamoNot Available376A->G / 968T->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSalerno PyrgosNot Available383T>GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseQuing YanNot Available392G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseLagesNot Available40G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseIleshaNot Available466G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMahidolNot Available487G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMalagaNot Available542A->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSibariNot Available634A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMexico CityNot Available680G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseNanningNot Available703C->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseSeattle, Lodi, Modena, Ferrara II, Athens-likeNot Available844G->CADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseBajo MaumereNot Available844G->TADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseMontalbanoNot Available854G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseKalyan-Kerala, Jamnaga, RohiniNot Available949G->AADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseGaoheNot Available95A->GADR InferredIncreased risk of hemolytic crisis.Details

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbaloparatideThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abaloparatide is combined with Nitrous acid.
AcebutololThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acebutolol is combined with Nitrous acid.
AldesleukinThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Nitrous acid.
AliskirenThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aliskiren is combined with Nitrous acid.
AmbrisentanNitrous acid may increase the hypotensive activities of Ambrisentan.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Potassium nitrite794654G42LNot AvailableNot applicable
Sodium nitriteM0KG633D4F7632-00-0LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
NitriteionicJ39976L60814797-65-0IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Sodium NitriteInjection, solution30 mg/1mLIntravenousHope Pharmaceuticals2012-02-14Not applicableUS flag
Sodium Nitrite Injection, USPSolution30 mg / mLIntravenousHope Pharmaceuticals2016-07-20Not applicableCanada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
CVS Pharmacy Enamel GuardPotassium nitrite (5 g/100g) + Sodium fluoride (0.15 g/100g)Paste, dentifriceDentalCVS PHARMACY2012-10-01Not applicableUS flag
NithiodoteSodium nitrite (30 mg/1mL) + Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (250 mg/1mL)Injection, solution; KitIntravenousHope Pharmaceuticals2011-01-14Not applicableUS flag
Rite Aid Enamel GuardPotassium nitrite (5 g/100g) + Sodium fluoride (0.15 g/100g)Paste, dentifriceDentalRite Aid2013-06-03Not applicableUS flag
Wakefern Enamel GuardPotassium nitrite (5 g/100g) + Sodium fluoride (0.15 g/100g)Paste, dentifriceDentalWakefern2014-02-032019-03-01US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
V03AB08 — Sodium nitrite
Drug Categories
Classification
Not classified
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
T2I5UM75DN
CAS number
7782-77-6
InChI Key
IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/HNO2/c2-1-3/h(H,2,3)
IUPAC Name
nitrous acid
SMILES
ON=O

References

General References
  1. Baskin SI, Horowitz AM, Nealley EW: The antidotal action of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate against cyanide poisoning. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Apr;32(4):368-75. [Article]
  2. Beasley DM, Glass WI: Cyanide poisoning: pathophysiology and treatment recommendations. Occup Med (Lond). 1998 Oct;48(7):427-31. [Article]
  3. Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Gladwin MT: The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Feb;7(2):156-67. doi: 10.1038/nrd2466. [Article]
  4. Denninger JW, Marletta MA: Guanylate cyclase and the .NO/cGMP signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 May 5;1411(2-3):334-50. [Article]
  5. Rix PJ, Vick A, Attkins NJ, Barker GE, Bott AW, Alcorn H Jr, Gladwin MT, Shiva S, Bradley S, Hussaini A, Hoye WL, Parsley EL, Masamune H: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of nebulized sodium nitrite (AIR001) following repeat-dose inhalation in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015 Mar;54(3):261-72. doi: 10.1007/s40262-014-0201-y. [Article]
  6. Tiso M, Schechter AN: Nitrate reduction to nitrite, nitric oxide and ammonia by gut bacteria under physiological conditions. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 24;10(3):e0119712. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119712. eCollection 2015. [Article]
KEGG Compound
C00088
PubChem Compound
23668193
PubChem Substance
310265030
ChemSpider
22936
BindingDB
50147619
ChEBI
25567
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1161681
PharmGKB
PA166115361
PDBe Ligand
2NO
Wikipedia
Nitrous_acid
PDB Entries
1aom / 1aoq / 4fqf / 5i6o
FDA label
Download (250 KB)
MSDS
Download (105 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3WithdrawnPreventionAcute Kidney Injury (AKI)1
2CompletedDiagnosticHeart Failure1
2CompletedTreatmentAcute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)1
2CompletedTreatmentAging / Sedentary Lifestyle / Senescence1
2CompletedTreatmentAsthma1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Paste, dentifriceDental
Injection, solution; kitIntravenous
Injection, solutionIntravenous30 mg/1mL
SolutionIntravenous30 mg / mL
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US8496973No2013-07-302031-03-29US flag
US8568793No2013-10-292031-12-24US flag
US9585912No2017-03-072031-03-29US flag
US9345724No2016-05-242031-03-29US flag
US9687506No2017-06-272031-12-24US flag
US10479686No2019-11-192031-03-29US flag
US11753301No2010-02-102030-02-10US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)271MSDS
boiling point (°C)320MSDS
water solubility820g/LMSDS
logP-3.7MSDS
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP0.17Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.5Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area49.66 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity8.72 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability2.81 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-f32ca30bef7a838cd1d9
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-a0441e6336543cb88423
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-a0441e6336543cb88423
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-c189e72adda743b6935b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-db13c8abb08153132277
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-a0441e6336543cb88423
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-110.721344
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+112.52464
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+119.623634
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Oxidizer
General Function
Oxygen transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.
Gene Name
HBA1
Uniprot ID
P69905
Uniprot Name
Hemoglobin subunit alpha
Molecular Weight
15257.405 Da
References
  1. Baskin SI, Horowitz AM, Nealley EW: The antidotal action of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate against cyanide poisoning. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Apr;32(4):368-75. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Oxidizer
General Function
Oxygen transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.Spinorphin: functions as an...
Gene Name
HBB
Uniprot ID
P68871
Uniprot Name
Hemoglobin subunit beta
Molecular Weight
15998.34 Da
References
  1. Baskin SI, Horowitz AM, Nealley EW: The antidotal action of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate against cyanide poisoning. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Apr;32(4):368-75. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Oxidizer
General Function
Oxygen transporter activity
Specific Function
Serves as a reserve supply of oxygen and facilitates the movement of oxygen within muscles.
Gene Name
MB
Uniprot ID
P02144
Uniprot Name
Myoglobin
Molecular Weight
17183.725 Da
References
  1. Baskin SI, Horowitz AM, Nealley EW: The antidotal action of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate against cyanide poisoning. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Apr;32(4):368-75. [Article]

Drug created at September 21, 2015 16:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48