Magnesium chloride

Identification

Summary

Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound and source of magnesium used for electrolyte replenishment and conditions associated with magnesium deficiencies.

Brand Names
Bss, Bss Ophthalmic Solution, Cardioplegic, Chloromag, Citrasate, Clinimix E 2.75/5, Dianeal, Dianeal Low Calcium 1.5, Dianeal Pd-2/1.5, Extraneal, Eye Stream, H.E.L.P.bicel, Hemosate Ultra, Hyperlyte, Ionosol-MB, Isolyte P, Isolyte S, Isolyte S pH 7.4, Isoplate, Naturalyte, Normosol-R, Nxstage Pureflow, Olimel, Periolimel, Phoxillum, Physiolyte, Physioneal 40, Physiosol, Plasma-lyte, Plasma-lyte 148, Plasma-lyte 148 In 5 % Dextrose, Plasma-lyte R, Plasmalyte A, Plegisol, Prismasol, Selectbag One
Generic Name
Magnesium chloride
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09407
Background

Magnesium chloride salts are highly soluble in water and the hydrated form of magnesium chloride can be extracted from brine or sea water.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 95.211
Monoisotopic: 93.922747312
Chemical Formula
Cl2Mg
Synonyms
  • Anhydrous magnesium chloride
  • Magnesium chloride anhydrous

Pharmacology

Indication

Magnesium chloride is used in several medical and topical (skin related) applications. Magnesium chloride usp, anhydrous uses as electrolyte replenisher, pharmaceutic necessity for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis fluids.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to treatElectrolyte imbalanceCombination Product in combination with: Sodium chloride (DB09153), Sodium acetate (DB09395), Dextrose, unspecified form (DB09341), Gluconic Acid (DB13180), Potassium chloride (DB00761)•••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• •••••••••••••••• ••••••••
Treatment ofMagnesium deficiency••• •••••
Used in combination to treatMild metabolic acidosisCombination Product in combination with: Sodium chloride (DB09153), Potassium chloride (DB00761), Gluconic Acid (DB13180), Dextrose, unspecified form (DB09341), Sodium acetate (DB09395)•••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Magnesium is important as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions in the body involving protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism (at least 300 enzymatic reactions require magnesium). Actions on lipoprotein lipase have been found to be important in reducing serum cholesterol and on sodium/potassium ATPase in promoting polarization (eg, neuromuscular functioning).

Mechanism of action

Mechanism of action of magnesium chloride studied in 10 adult volunteers. Results suggested magnesium ion in duodenum is relatively weak stimulus to pancreas and gall bladder. It is weak stimulant to cholecystokinin release and inhibits net jejunal water absorption. The oral administration of a single 800 mg dose of magnesium chloride in healthy volunteers resulted in a diminished rate of intraluminal lipid and protein digestion. The most pronounced effect of magnesium chloride, however, was a decreased gastric emptying rate of both test meals. After correction for gastric emptying, no differences were noted in intraluminal lipid or protein digestion. Therefore, the lower lipid levels noted after magnesium supplementation are unlikely to be the result of altered lipid assimilation. Magnesium chloride slows gastric emptying but does not influence lipid digestion.

Absorption

Oral: Inversely proportional to amount ingested; 40% to 60% under controlled dietary conditions; 15% to 36% at higher doses

Volume of distribution

Bone (50% to 60%); extracellular fluid (1% to 2%)

Protein binding

30%, to albumin

Metabolism

Magnesium levels are efficiently regulated by the kidneys. Magnesium also undergoes efficient enterohepatic circulation

Route of elimination

Magnesium is excreted in urine. Unabsorbed magnesium is excreted in feces

Half-life

Elimination half-life has been reported to be 27.7 hours following an overdose of 400 mEq magnesium in an adult.

Clearance

Maximum magnesium clearance is directly proportional to creatinine clearance.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Mouse LD50 775mg/kg (intraperitoneal) Mouse LD50 : 7600mg/kg (oral) Rat LD 50 : 8100mg/kg (oral) Rat LD50 176mg/kg (intravenous) Severe toxicity occurs most often after intravenous infusions. It can also occur after chronic excessive oral doses, often in patients with renal insufficiency. Early manifestations are lethargy, hyporeflexia, followed by weakness, paralysis, hypotension, ECG changes (prolonged PR and QRS intervals), CNS depression, seizures, and respiratory depression. In overdose, magnesium impairs neuromuscular transmission, manifested as weakness and hyporeflexia.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirAbacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Magnesium chloride which could result in a higher serum level.
AceclofenacAceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Magnesium chloride which could result in a higher serum level.
AcemetacinAcemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Magnesium chloride which could result in a higher serum level.
AcetaminophenAcetaminophen may decrease the excretion rate of Magnesium chloride which could result in a higher serum level.
AcetazolamideAcetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Magnesium chloride which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy.
Food Interactions
  • Take with or without food. Taking magnesium supplements with food may reduce the risk of diarrhea.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate02F3473H9O7791-18-6DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Magnesium chloride hydrateNot Available22756-14-5MJMDTFNVECGTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Magnesium cationionicT6V3LHY83822537-22-0JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chloride ionionicQ32ZN4869816887-00-6VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Cepasium Sup 100mgSuppository100 mg / supRectalLaboratoires Cortunon Inc.1980-12-311998-09-29Canada flag
ChloromagInjection, solution200 mg/1mLIntravenousMerit Pharmaceutical2011-06-11Not applicableUS flag
Magnesium ChlorideInjection, solution200 mg/1mLIntravenousThe Torrance Company1990-09-032016-11-18US flag
Magnesium ChlorideInjection, solution200 mg/1mLIntravenousClaris Lifesciences Limited2009-10-072010-11-04US flag
Magnesium ChlorideInjection200 mg/1mLIntravenousMylan Institutional LLC2013-03-14Not applicableUS flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Formule 454Liquid200 mg / mLOralLe Naturiste J.M.B. Inc.1980-12-312002-01-10Canada flag
Magnesium Chloride 606.5mgTablet606.5 mgOralBio Vita1987-12-312006-07-27Canada flag
Magnesium Liq 2.87mg/mlLiquid24 mg / mLOralVitalab1990-12-312005-07-12Canada flag
Magnesium SupplementSolution118.6 mg / 5 mLOralLand Art Inc.2003-07-212008-06-26Canada flag
Magnesium-CLLiquid23.92 mg / mLOralVitavie Au Naturel 9023 3503 Quebec Inc.1991-12-312009-07-29Canada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
2.5% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 10% DextroseMagnesium chloride (25.5 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (520 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (290 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (10 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (130.5 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (260 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (120 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (150 mg / 100 mL) + Leucine (182.5 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (145 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (100 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine (140 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (170 mg / 100 mL) + Serine (125 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (170 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (29.3 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (105 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (45 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (10 mg / 100 mL) + Valine (145 mg / 100 mL)SolutionIntravenousBaxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division1996-12-312015-08-05Canada flag
2.5% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 10% Dextrose ClinimixMagnesium chloride (25.5 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (520 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (260 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (10 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (130.5 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (520 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (110 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (120 mg / 100 mL) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (155 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (145 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (145 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (155 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (105 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (170 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (29.3 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (105 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (45 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (10 mg / 100 mL) + Valine (115 mg / 100 mL)SolutionIntravenousBaxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division1993-12-312015-08-05Canada flag
2.5%travasol Amino Acid InJ.W.eleC.W.25%dexMagnesium chloride (25.5 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (520 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (290 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (25 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (130.5 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (260 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (120 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (150 mg / 100 mL) + Leucine (182.5 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (145 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (100 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine (140 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (170 mg / 100 mL) + Serine (125 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (170 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (29.3 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (105 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (45 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (10 mg / 100 mL) + Valine (145 mg / 100 mL)LiquidIntravenousClintec Nutrition Company1996-07-301998-08-13Canada flag
2.75% Travas. Amino Acid InJ.W.elecw.25%dexMagnesium chloride (51 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (570 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (316 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (25 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (261 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (283 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (132 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (165 mg / 100 mL) + Leucine (201 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (159.5 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (110 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine (154 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (187 mg / 100 mL) + Serine (137.5 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (215.5 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (112 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (115.5 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (49.5 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (11 mg / 100 mL) + Valine (159.5 mg / 100 mL)LiquidIntravenousClintec Nutrition Company1996-07-301998-08-13Canada flag
2.75% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 25% Dextrose QuickmixMagnesium chloride (51 mg / 100 mL) + Alanine (570 mg / 100 mL) + Arginine (285 mg / 100 mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (25 g / 100 mL) + Dipotassium phosphate (261 mg / 100 mL) + Glycine (570 mg / 100 mL) + Histidine (120.5 mg / 100 mL) + Isoleucine (131.5 mg / 100 mL) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (170 mg / 100 mL) + Lysine hydrochloride (159 mg / 100 mL) + Methionine (159 mg / 100 mL) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (170 mg / 100 mL) + Proline (115 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium acetate (215.5 mg / 100 mL) + Sodium chloride (112 mg / 100 mL) + Threonine (115 mg / 100 mL) + Tryptophan (49.5 mg / 100 mL) + Tyrosine (11 mg / 100 mL) + Valine (126 mg / 100 mL)SolutionIntravenousBaxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division1996-02-022007-08-02Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
BALANCE %1,5 GLIKOZ 1,25 MMOL / 1 KALSIYUM 2000 ML BIOFIN TORBAMagnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.1017 g/L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.1838 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (16.5 g/L) + Sodium lactate (3.925 g/L) + Sodium chloride (5.64 g/L)SolutionIntraperitonealFRESENIUS MEDİKAL HİZMETLER A.Ş.2013-01-29Not applicableTurkey flag
BALANCE %1,5 GLIKOZ 1,25 MMOL / 1 KALSIYUM 2500 ML BIOFIN TORBAMagnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.1017 g/L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.1838 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (16.5 g/L) + Sodium lactate (3.925 g/L) + Sodium chloride (5.64 g/L)SolutionIntraperitonealFRESENIUS MEDİKAL HİZMETLER A.Ş.2013-01-29Not applicableTurkey flag
BALANCE %1,5 GLIKOZ 1,75 MMOL / 1 KALSIYUM 2000 ML BIOFIN TORBAMagnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.1017 g/L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.2573 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (16.5 g/L) + Sodium lactate (3.925 g/L) + Sodium chloride (5.64 g/L)SolutionIntraperitonealFRESENIUS MEDİKAL HİZMETLER A.Ş.2013-01-29Not applicableTurkey flag
BALANCE %1,5 GLIKOZ 1,75 MMOL / 1 KALSIYUM 2500 ML BIOFIN TORBAMagnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.1017 g/L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.2573 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (16.5 g/L) + Sodium lactate (3.925 g/L) + Sodium chloride (5.64 g/L)SolutionIntraperitonealFRESENIUS MEDİKAL HİZMETLER A.Ş.2013-01-29Not applicableTurkey flag
BALANCE %2,3 GLIKOZ 1,25 MMOL / 1 KALSIYUM 2000 ML BIOFIN TORBAMagnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.1017 g/L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.1838 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (25 g/L) + Sodium lactate (3.925 g/L) + Sodium chloride (5.64 g/L)SolutionIntraperitonealFRESENIUS MEDİKAL HİZMETLER A.Ş.2013-01-29Not applicableTurkey flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A12CC01 — Magnesium chlorideB05XA11 — Magnesium chloride
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkaline earth metal chlorides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Chlorine, and the heaviest metal atom is a lanthanide.
Kingdom
Inorganic compounds
Super Class
Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
Class
Alkaline earth metal salts
Sub Class
Alkaline earth metal chlorides
Direct Parent
Alkaline earth metal chlorides
Alternative Parents
Inorganic chloride salts
Substituents
Alkaline earth metal chloride / Inorganic chloride salt / Inorganic salt
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
inorganic chloride, magnesium salt, magnesium halide (CHEBI:6636)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
59XN63C8VM
CAS number
7786-30-3
InChI Key
TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI
InChI=1S/2ClH.Mg/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
IUPAC Name
magnesium(2+) dichloride
SMILES
[Mg++].[Cl-].[Cl-]

References

General References
  1. DRUGS.COM [Link]
  2. Pubchem [Link]
  3. Toxnet [Link]
  4. ChemIDplus [Link]
KEGG Compound
C07755
PubChem Compound
5360315
PubChem Substance
347827844
ChemSpider
22987
RxNav
1311539
ChEBI
6636
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2219642
Wikipedia
Magnesium_chloride

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionHemodialysis0.257 g/1000ml
SolutionIntravenous10.50 g/1000ml
SolutionIrrigation; Parenteral
Powder, for solutionIntraocular
SolutionIntraocular
SolutionOphthalmic
SolutionHemodialysis; Intravenous
SolutionHemodialysis; Intravenous0.187 g/L
Concentrate; kit; solutionOphthalmic
Kit; solutionIntraocular
SolutionIntraperitoneal0.2573 g/l
SolutionIntraperitoneal0.1838 g/L
Solution
SolutionIntra-arterial
SuppositoryRectal100 mg / sup
Injection, solutionParenteral
SolutionIrrigation
InjectionOther
InjectionOther16 mmol/20ml
SolutionIntraperitoneal
SolutionIntraperitoneal; Irrigation
SolutionIntraperitoneal1.500 g
Injection, solutionIntraperitoneal
SolutionIntravenous4.21 g/1000ml
SolutionOral
SolutionIntrathecal
SolutionIntravenous; Subcutaneous
SolutionIntraperitoneal25.7 mg/100ml
PowderOral
LiquidOral200 mg / mL
Solution, concentrateHemodialysis
SprayOral
Aerosol, sprayOral
SolutionHemodialysis
SolutionHemodialysis7.77 g/l
SolutionHemodialysis8.46 g/l
SolutionHemodialysis8.8 g/l
SolutionHemodialysis8.85 g/l
LiquidHemodialysis
SolutionHemodialysis6.77 g/l
LiquidIntraperitoneal
SolutionHemodialysis; Intraperitoneal
LiquidIntraocular
SolutionIntravenous
PatchTopical
Injection, solutionParenteral
InjectionIntravenous200 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous200 mg/1mL
Tablet, coatedOral
TabletOral606.5 mg
Tablet, delayed releaseOral598 mg/1
Powder, for solutionHemodialysis5.15 g / vial
LiquidOral24 mg / mL
SolutionOral118.6 mg / 5 mL
Powder, for solutionHemodialysis8 g / pck
Powder, for solutionHemodialysis16 g / pck
PowderHemodialysis8.4 g / pck
PowderHemodialysis16.8 g / pck
Powder, for solutionHemodialysis20.5 g / 4.5 L
LiquidOral23.92 mg / mL
PowderOral119.6 mg / g
LiquidOral1 g / 5 mL
TabletOral
SolutionIntravenous15.220 g
LiquidBuccal
SprayBuccal
SolutionIntravenous4.410 g
Injection, solutionHemodialysis; Intravenous
LiquidIntravenous
TabletOral36 mg / tab
Kit; solutionIntraocular; Irrigation
SolutionIntraperitoneal2.500 g
Injection, emulsion; injection, solutionIntravenous
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous
SolutionIntraperitoneal0.184 g/l
EmulsionIntravenous
EmulsionIntravenous4 g
SolutionIntraocular; Ophthalmic
SolutionExtracorporeal; Intrabiliary; Intracardiac
EmulsionParenteral
EmulsionIntravenous3 g
Injection, emulsionIntravenous
IrrigantIrrigation
Injection, solutionIntravenous
InjectionIntravenous30 mg/100ml
Injection, solutionIntra-arterial
SolutionHemodialysis; Intravenous0.27 g/l
KitHemodialysis
SolutionHemodialysis0.257 g/l
SolutionBuccal; Oral; Topical
AerosolOral
Tablet, delayed releaseOral64 mg / ect
SolutionOral11.700 mg
SolutionParenteral1.500 g
SolutionParenteral2.500 g
SolutionParenteral25.700 mg
SolutionIntraocular; Irrigation
SolutionOral0.012 g
SolutionExtracorporeal
ConcentrateIntravenous drip
SolutionParenteral
SolutionIntravenous0.3675 g/1000ml
InjectionIntravenous
LiquidOphthalmic
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US5945449No1999-08-312017-10-31US flag
US7300674No2007-11-272023-03-04US flag
US6077836No2000-06-202017-06-20US flag
US6248726No2001-06-192018-06-19US flag
US7084130No2006-08-012021-11-29US flag

Properties

State
Not Available
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility19.3 mg/mLALOGPS
logP1.16ALOGPS
logP-0.57Chemaxon
logS-0.69ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.09Chemaxon
Physiological Charge2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area0 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity0 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability1.78 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Drug created at November 30, 2015 19:10 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48