Identification
- Summary
Potassium bitartrate is a laxative used to treat constipation.
- Brand Names
- Ceo-two, Phexxi
- Generic Name
- Potassium bitartrate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11107
- Background
Potassium bitartate, also referred to as potassium acid tartrate or cream of tartar, is the potassium acid salt of l-( + )-tartaric acid. It is obtained as a byproduct of wine manufacture during the fermentation process. Approved by the FDA as a direct food substance, potassium bitartrate is used as an additive, stabilizer, pH control agent, antimicrobial agent, processing aid, or thickener in various food products 3. Potassium bitartrate has a long history of medical use as a laxative administered as a rectal suppository and is an approved third-class OTC drug in Japan.
Potassium bitartrate was one of active ingredients in Phexxi, a non-hormonal contraceptive agent that was approved by the FDA on May 2020.4
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Experimental
- Structure
Structure for Potassium bitartrate (DB11107)
- Weight
- Average: 188.176
Monoisotopic: 187.97231937 - Chemical Formula
- C4H5KO6
- Synonyms
- Potassium bitartrate
- potassium hydrogen tartrate
- External IDs
- E-336(I)
- INS NO.336(I)
- INS-336(I)
- NSC-155080
Pharmacology
- Indication
Indicated for the treatment of constipation.
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Potassium bitartrate potentiates bowel movements. In medical studies, it was shown to be an effective treatment for chronic constipationwhen combined with sodium bicarbonate in a polyethylene glycol-based suppository 1.
- Mechanism of action
Potassium bitartrate is a carbon dioxide-releasing laxative that works by forming carbon dioxide gas, which creates a mechanical distension against the intestinal wall and induces bowel contractions. Rectal suppositories of carbon dioxide-releasing type of laxative were demonstrated to be useful and safe in the treatment of patients at risk for electrolyte disorders such as the elderly or patients with renal or cardiovascular disorders 2.
- Absorption
There is little systemic absorption expected following rectal administration of potassium bitartrate.
- Volume of distribution
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Protein binding
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Metabolism
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Route of elimination
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Half-life
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Clearance
No pharmacokinetic data available.
- Adverse Effects
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Lowest published lethal dose in rat via oral route is 22000 mg/kg MSDS. Cases of hyperkalemia have been reported with ingestion of a large quantity of potassium bitartrate 1.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcebutolol Potassium bitartrate may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acebutolol. Aceclofenac Potassium bitartrate may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Aceclofenac. Acemetacin Potassium bitartrate may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acemetacin. Acetazolamide The risk or severity of dehydration can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Potassium bitartrate. Acetylsalicylic acid Potassium bitartrate may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acetylsalicylic acid. - Food Interactions
- Not Available
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Carbon dioxide unknown 142M471B3J 124-38-9 CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Ceo-two Potassium bitartrate (927 mg/3.7g) + Sodium bicarbonate (618 mg/3.7g) Suppository Rectal Beutlich Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2008-08-15 Not applicable US 
Ceo-two Bowel Evacuant Suppositories Potassium bitartrate (942 mg) + Sodium bicarbonate (627 mg) Suppository Rectal Beutlich L.P. 2000-04-07 2003-07-30 Canada 
Lecicarbon - Zäpfchen Potassium bitartrate (0.9 g) + Sodium bicarbonate (0.54 g) Suppository Rectal C.Brady Gmb H & Co. Kg 1950-02-17 Not applicable Austria 
Phexxi Potassium bitartrate (20 mg/5g) + Citric acid monohydrate (50 mg/5g) + L-Lactic acid (90 mg/5g) Gel Vaginal Evofem, Inc. 2020-08-01 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic oxygen compounds
- Class
- Organooxygen compounds
- Sub Class
- Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
- Direct Parent
- Sugar acids and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives / Monosaccharides / Fatty acids and conjugates / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives / Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives / Secondary alcohols / Carboxylic acid salts / 1,2-diols / Carboxylic acids show 5 more
- Substituents
- 1,2-diol / Alcohol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alpha-hydroxy acid / Beta-hydroxy acid / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid salt / Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives show 12 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- NPT6P8P3UU
- CAS number
- 868-14-4
- InChI Key
- KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C4H6O6.K/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);/q;+1/p-1/t1-,2-;/m1./s1
- IUPAC Name
- potassium (2R,3R)-3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate
- SMILES
- [K+].O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C([O-])=O)C(O)=O
References
- General References
- Rusyniak DE, Durant PJ, Mowry JB, Johnson JA, Sanftleben JA, Smith JM: Life-threatening hyperkalemia from cream of tartar ingestion. J Med Toxicol. 2013 Mar;9(1):79-81. doi: 10.1007/s13181-012-0255-x. [Article]
- Lazzaroni M, Casini V, Bianchi Porro G: Role or carbon dioxide-releasing suppositories in the treatment of chronic functional constipation: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Drug Investig. 2005;25(8):499-505. [Article]
- FDA CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 Sec. 184.1077 Potassium acid tartrate [Link]
- Drugs.com: Phexxi Approval History [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: PHEXXI (lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate) vaginal gel [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D01561
- PubChem Compound
- 23681127
- PubChem Substance
- 347827899
- ChemSpider
- 12783
- 223779
- ChEBI
- 32034
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL2105248
- Wikipedia
- Potassium_bitartrate
- MSDS
- Download (47.6 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 0 Recruiting Basic Science Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) / Vulvovaginal Candidiasis 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Suppository Rectal Tablet Oral Gel Vaginal - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US10568855 No 2020-02-25 2033-03-15 US US6706276 No 2004-03-16 2022-03-06 US US11337989 No 2013-03-15 2033-03-15 US US11439610 No 2013-03-15 2033-03-15 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source water solubility Partially soluble MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 566.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -1.4 ALOGPS logP -1.8 Chemaxon logS 0.48 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 2.72 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.3 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 117.89 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 Chemaxon Refractivity 37.05 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 11.26 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-055f-9100000000-e2aa735e87a327d39de5 - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 132.10791 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 134.24103 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 140.15324 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:52