Betrixaban

Identification

Summary

Betrixaban is a Factor Xa inhibitor used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients.

Brand Names
BEVYXXA
Generic Name
Betrixaban
DrugBank Accession Number
DB12364
Background

Betrixaban is a non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant whose action is driven by the competitive and reversible inhibition of the factor Xa 1. It was selected among all lead compounds due to its low hERG channel affinity while sustaining its factor Xa inhibition capacity 3. Betrixaban, now developed by Portola Pharmaceuticals Inc., is prescribed as a venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylactic for adult patients with moderate to severe restricted motility or with other risks for VTE 2. VTE can be manifested as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and it is a leading cause of preventable death in hospitalized patients 4.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 451.91
Monoisotopic: 451.1411173
Chemical Formula
C23H22ClN5O3
Synonyms
  • Betrixaban
  • N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-(4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzamido)-5-methoxybenzamide
  • N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-[[4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoyl]amino]-5-methoxybenzamide
External IDs
  • PRT-054021
  • PRT054021

Pharmacology

Indication

Betrixaban is indicated for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in conditions of moderate to severe restricted mobility or in patients that qualify as in risk of VTE.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Prophylaxis ofVenous thromboembolism•••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Betrixaban is an oral anticoagulant that excerts its action by preventing thrombin generation without having a direct effect on platelet aggregation 5.

Mechanism of action

Betrixaban is a cofactor-independent direct inhibitor of the Factor Xa and inhibits free and prothrombinase-bound Factor Xa 1.

TargetActionsOrganism
ACoagulation factor X
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Betrixaban presents a rapid absorption at a dose of 80 mg. Its peak plasma concentration is registered within 3-4 hours after oral administration in healthy humans. The oral bioavailability is 34%, and it can be reduced with the consumption of food4. Specifically, the Cmax and AUC is reduced by an average of 70% and 61% with a low-fat meal, and 50% and 48% with a high-fat meal compared to the fasted state, an effect which is apparent up to six hours following food intake.Label

Volume of distribution

The apparent volume of distribution os 32 L/kg Label.

Protein binding

Betrixaban is reported to be present a proteing binding of about 60% 4.

Metabolism

One of the major characteristics of Betrixaban is its minimal hepatic metabolism (< 1%), preventing potential accumulation with liver impariment. Unchanged Betrixaban is the main form found in human plasma, followed by two hydolitic CYP-independent inactive metabolites (15-18%). The minimal hepatic metabolism produces an unlikely drug-to-drug interaction with inhibitors or agonists of CYP450 4.

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Route of elimination

Betrixaban is reported to present mainly a gastrointestinal elimination route, it has been shown that even 85% of it gets disposed in the feces and only 11% of it can be found in the urine 1.

Half-life

Betrixaban presents a long half-life of between 19-27 hours 1.

Clearance

Betrixaban presents a minimal renal clearance (being 5-7% of the administered dose) 4.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Betrixaban presents a minimal hepatotoxicity, which is the main adverse effect found in this class of drugs. Some of the major adverse effects of Betrixaban are bleeding or hypersensitivity 4.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbciximabThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Betrixaban.
AbemaciclibThe serum concentration of Abemaciclib can be increased when it is combined with Betrixaban.
AbrocitinibThe serum concentration of Betrixaban can be increased when it is combined with Abrocitinib.
AceclofenacThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Betrixaban is combined with Aceclofenac.
AcemetacinThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Betrixaban is combined with Acemetacin.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid herbs and supplements with anticoagulant/antiplatelet activity. These herbs may increase the risk of bleeding. Examples include garlic, ginger, bilberry, danshen, piracetam, and ginkgo biloba.
  • Take at the same time every day.
  • Take with food. Betrixaban should be taken with food. The Cmax and AUC of betrixaban are decreased by approximately 60% and 55% when administered together with a 900 calorie meal.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
BevyxxaCapsule, gelatin coated40 mg/1OralPortola Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2017-07-07Not applicableUS flag
BevyxxaCapsule, gelatin coated80 mg/1OralPortola Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2017-07-07Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
B01AF04 — Betrixaban
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzanilides. These are aromatic compounds containing an anilide group in which the carboxamide group is substituted with a benzene ring. They have the general structure RNC(=O)R', where R,R'= benzene.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Anilides
Direct Parent
Benzanilides
Alternative Parents
Benzamides / Methoxyanilines / Anisoles / Phenoxy compounds / Benzoyl derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Alkyl aryl ethers / Aryl chlorides / Pyridines and derivatives / Imidolactams
show 10 more
Substituents
Alkyl aryl ether / Amidine / Anisole / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Benzamide / Benzanilide / Benzoic acid or derivatives
show 25 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
74RWP7W0J9
CAS number
330942-05-7
InChI Key
XHOLNRLADUSQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C23H22ClN5O3/c1-29(2)21(25)14-4-6-15(7-5-14)22(30)27-19-10-9-17(32-3)12-18(19)23(31)28-20-11-8-16(24)13-26-20/h4-13,25H,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,26,28,31)
IUPAC Name
N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-[4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzamido]-5-methoxybenzamide
SMILES
COC1=CC=C(NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=N)N(C)C)C(=C1)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=N1

References

General References
  1. Turpie AG: New oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2008 Jan;29(2):155-65. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [Article]
  2. Connolly SJ, Eikelboom J, Dorian P, Hohnloser SH, Gretler DD, Sinha U, Ezekowitz MD: Betrixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: results of a phase 2, randomized, dose-ranging study (Explore-Xa). Eur Heart J. 2013 May;34(20):1498-505. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht039. Epub 2013 Mar 13. [Article]
  3. Zhang P, Huang W, Wang L, Bao L, Jia ZJ, Bauer SM, Goldman EA, Probst GD, Song Y, Su T, Fan J, Wu Y, Li W, Woolfrey J, Sinha U, Wong PW, Edwards ST, Arfsten AE, Clizbe LA, Kanter J, Pandey A, Park G, Hutchaleelaha A, Lambing JL, Hollenbach SJ, Scarborough RM, Zhu BY: Discovery of betrixaban (PRT054021), N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-(4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzamido)-5-methoxybenz amide, a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Apr 15;19(8):2179-85. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.111. Epub 2009 Mar 3. [Article]
  4. Chan NC, Bhagirath V, Eikelboom JW: Profile of betrixaban and its potential in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015 Jun 26;11:343-51. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S63060. eCollection 2015. [Article]
  5. Cabral KP, Ansell JE: The role of factor Xa inhibitors in venous thromboembolism treatment. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015 Jan 30;11:117-23. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S39726. eCollection 2015. [Article]
PubChem Compound
10275777
PubChem Substance
347828616
ChemSpider
18981107
BindingDB
50249298
RxNav
1927851
ChEBI
140421
ChEMBL
CHEMBL512351
ZINC
ZINC000030691754
Wikipedia
Betrixaban
FDA label
Download (548 KB)
MSDS
Download (24.5 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3CompletedPreventionVenous Thromboembolism1
2CompletedPreventionThromboembolism1
2CompletedTreatmentAtrial Fibrillation1
2CompletedTreatmentAtrial Fibrillation / Atrial Flutter1
2TerminatedTreatmentBleeding1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral40 mg/1
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral80 mg/1
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US8557852No2013-10-152028-09-08US flag
US6376515No2002-04-232020-09-15US flag
US8691847No2014-04-082020-09-15US flag
US9629831No2017-04-252020-09-15US flag
US9555023No2017-01-312026-11-07US flag
US8404724No2013-03-262031-03-29US flag
US8987463No2015-03-242030-12-28US flag
US7598276No2009-10-062026-11-08US flag
US6835739No2004-12-282020-09-15US flag
US8518977No2013-08-272020-09-15US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)200-212 ºCVincent, et al. Crystalline forms of a Factor Xa inhibitor. Patent application number WO 2012031017 A1
water solubility2.5-2.7 mg/mlVincent, et al. Crystalline forms of a Factor Xa inhibitor. Patent application number WO 2012031017 A1
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0163 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.86ALOGPS
logP3.03Chemaxon
logS-4.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.63Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)10.91Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area107.41 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count6Chemaxon
Refractivity138.29 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability47.62 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0900100000-d579e1ea78bb70f14852
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-0430900000-40475ddf2f47ed8b4eb4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-1900300000-100e63f55642f7c05a4e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ff0-6551900000-2ba9e579cbbffebae974
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0921200000-b0eccdaf98f907955609
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f89-9821300000-a5f655d287774aaed769
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-209.82564
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+212.22118
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+218.53244
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Serine-type endopeptidase activity
Specific Function
Factor Xa is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of factor Va, calcium and phospholipid during blood clotting.
Gene Name
F10
Uniprot ID
P00742
Uniprot Name
Coagulation factor X
Molecular Weight
54731.255 Da
References
  1. Connolly SJ, Eikelboom J, Dorian P, Hohnloser SH, Gretler DD, Sinha U, Ezekowitz MD: Betrixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: results of a phase 2, randomized, dose-ranging study (Explore-Xa). Eur Heart J. 2013 May;34(20):1498-505. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht039. Epub 2013 Mar 13. [Article]
  2. Zhang P, Huang W, Wang L, Bao L, Jia ZJ, Bauer SM, Goldman EA, Probst GD, Song Y, Su T, Fan J, Wu Y, Li W, Woolfrey J, Sinha U, Wong PW, Edwards ST, Arfsten AE, Clizbe LA, Kanter J, Pandey A, Park G, Hutchaleelaha A, Lambing JL, Hollenbach SJ, Scarborough RM, Zhu BY: Discovery of betrixaban (PRT054021), N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-(4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzamido)-5-methoxybenz amide, a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Apr 15;19(8):2179-85. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.111. Epub 2009 Mar 3. [Article]
  3. Chan NC, Bhagirath V, Eikelboom JW: Profile of betrixaban and its potential in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015 Jun 26;11:343-51. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S63060. eCollection 2015. [Article]
  4. Cabral KP, Ansell JE: The role of factor Xa inhibitors in venous thromboembolism treatment. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015 Jan 30;11:117-23. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S39726. eCollection 2015. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Chan NC, Bhagirath V, Eikelboom JW: Profile of betrixaban and its potential in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015 Jun 26;11:343-51. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S63060. eCollection 2015. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Specific Function
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the ...
Gene Name
KCNH2
Uniprot ID
Q12809
Uniprot Name
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
Molecular Weight
126653.52 Da
References
  1. Chan NC, Bhagirath V, Eikelboom JW: Profile of betrixaban and its potential in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015 Jun 26;11:343-51. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S63060. eCollection 2015. [Article]

Drug created at October 20, 2016 22:05 / Updated at October 07, 2021 12:09