Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase

Details

Name
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase
Synonyms
  • (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase
  • 2.5.1.-
  • Dimethylallyltranstransferase
  • Farnesyl diphosphate synthase
  • Farnesyltranstransferase
  • Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
  • Geranyltranstransferase
  • GGPP synthase
Gene Name
GGPS1
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0006876|Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase
MEKTQETVQRILLEPYKYLLQLPGKQVRTKLSQAFNHWLKVPEDKLQIIIEVTEMLHNAS
LLIDDIEDNSKLRRGFPVAHSIYGIPSVINSANYVYFLGLEKVLTLDHPDAVKLFTRQLL
ELHQGQGLDIYWRDNYTCPTEEEYKAMVLQKTGGLFGLAVGLMQLFSDYKEDLKPLLNTL
GLFFQIRDDYANLHSKEYSENKSFCEDLTEGKFSFPTIHAIWSRPESTQVQNILRQRTEN
IDIKKYCVHYLEDVGSFEYTRNTLKELEAKAYKQIDARGGNPELVALVKHLSKMFKEENE
Number of residues
300
Molecular Weight
34870.625
Theoretical pI
6.06
GO Classification
Functions
dimethylallyltranstransferase activity / farnesyltranstransferase activity / geranyltranstransferase activity / metal ion binding
Processes
cholesterol biosynthetic process / farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process / geranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process / geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process / isoprenoid metabolic process / small molecule metabolic process
Components
cytosol
General Function
Metal ion binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the trans-addition of the three molecules of IPP onto DMAPP to form geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, an important precursor of carotenoids and geranylated proteins.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Cytoplasm
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019443|Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPS1)
ATGGAGAAGACTCAAGAAACAGTCCAAAGAATTCTTCTAGAACCCTATAAATACTTACTT
CAGTTACCAGGTAAACAAGTGAGAACCAAACTTTCACAGGCATTTAATCATTGGCTGAAA
GTTCCAGAGGACAAGCTACAGATTATTATTGAAGTGACAGAAATGTTGCATAATGCCAGT
TTACTCATCGATGATATTGAAGACAACTCAAAACTCCGACGTGGCTTTCCAGTGGCCCAC
AGCATCTATGGAATCCCATCTGTCATCAATTCTGCCAATTACGTGTATTTCCTTGGCTTG
GAGAAAGTCTTAACCCTTGATCACCCAGATGCAGTGAAGCTTTTTACCCGCCAGCTTTTG
GAACTCCATCAGGGACAAGGCCTAGATATTTACTGGAGGGATAATTACACTTGTCCCACT
GAAGAAGAATATAAAGCTATGGTGCTGCAGAAAACAGGTGGACTGTTTGGATTAGCAGTA
GGTCTCATGCAGTTGTTCTCTGATTACAAAGAAGATTTAAAACCGCTACTTAATACACTT
GGGCTCTTTTTCCAAATTAGGGATGATTATGCTAATCTACACTCCAAAGAATATAGTGAA
AACAAAAGTTTTTGTGAAGATCTGACAGAGGGAAAGTTCTCATTTCCTACTATTCATGCT
ATTTGGTCAAGGCCTGAAAGCACCCAGGTGCAGAATATCTTGCGCCAGAGAACAGAAAAC
ATAGATATAAAAAAATACTGTGTACATTATCTTGAGGATGTAGGTTCTTTTGAATACACT
CGTAATACCCTTAAAGAGCTTGAAGCTAAAGCCTATAAACAGATTGATGCACGTGGTGGG
AACCCTGAGCTAGTAGCCTTAGTAAAACACTTAAGTAAGATGTTCAAAGAAGAAAATGAA
TAA
Chromosome Location
1
Locus
1q43
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDO95749
UniProtKB Entry NameGGPPS_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID4520350
GenBank Gene IDAB017971
HGNC IDHGNC:4249
General References
  1. Ericsson J, Greene JM, Carter KC, Shell BK, Duan DR, Florence C, Edwards PA: Human geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase: isolation of the cDNA, chromosomal mapping and tissue expression. J Lipid Res. 1998 Sep;39(9):1731-9. [Article]
  2. Kuzuguchi T, Morita Y, Sagami I, Sagami H, Ogura K: Human geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase. cDNA cloning and expression. J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 26;274(9):5888-94. [Article]
  3. Hu RM, Han ZG, Song HD, Peng YD, Huang QH, Ren SX, Gu YJ, Huang CH, Li YB, Jiang CL, Fu G, Zhang QH, Gu BW, Dai M, Mao YF, Gao GF, Rong R, Ye M, Zhou J, Xu SH, Gu J, Shi JX, Jin WR, Zhang CK, Wu TM, Huang GY, Chen Z, Chen MD, Chen JL: Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 15;97(17):9543-8. [Article]
  4. Kainou T, Kawamura K, Tanaka K, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M: Identification of the GGPS1 genes encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases from mouse and human. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Mar 25;1437(3):333-40. [Article]
  5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
  6. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [Article]
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  8. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. [Article]
  9. Van Damme P, Lasa M, Polevoda B, Gazquez C, Elosegui-Artola A, Kim DS, De Juan-Pardo E, Demeyer K, Hole K, Larrea E, Timmerman E, Prieto J, Arnesen T, Sherman F, Gevaert K, Aldabe R: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jul 31;109(31):12449-54. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109. Epub 2012 Jul 18. [Article]
  10. Kavanagh KL, Dunford JE, Bunkoczi G, Russell RG, Oppermann U: The crystal structure of human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase reveals a novel hexameric arrangement and inhibitory product binding. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 4;281(31):22004-12. Epub 2006 May 11. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB00399Zoledronic acidapprovedyesinhibitorDetails
DB06548Minodronic acidinvestigationalyesinhibitorDetails
DB06830(1-HYDROXYHEPTANE-1,1-DIYL)BIS(PHOSPHONIC ACID)experimentalunknownDetails
DB06931(1-HYDROXYNONANE-1,1-DIYL)BIS(PHOSPHONIC ACID)experimentalunknownDetails
DB07221(2,2-DIPHOSPHONOETHYL)(DODECYL)DIMETHYLPHOSPHONIUMexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07410[2-(3-DIBENZOFURAN-4-YL-PHENYL)-1-HYDROXY-1-PHOSPHONO-ETHYL]-PHOSPHONIC ACIDexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07780Farnesyl diphosphateexperimentalunknownDetails
DB04695Farnesyl thiopyrophosphateexperimentalunknownDetails
DB02552Geranyl DiphosphateexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07841Geranylgeranyl diphosphateexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07873Lauryl alcohol diphosphonic acidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB04714ISOPENTENYL PYROPHOSPHATEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08529(6E,11E)-HEPTADECA-6,11-DIENE-9,9-DIYLBIS(PHOSPHONIC ACID)experimentalunknownDetails
DB00710Ibandronateapproved, investigationalyesinhibitorDetails
DB00282Pamidronic acidapprovedunknowninhibitorDetails