Antithrombin-III

Details

Name
Antithrombin-III
Synonyms
  • AT3
  • ATIII
  • Serpin C1
Gene Name
SERPINC1
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016052|Antithrombin-III
MYSNVIGTVTSGKRKVYLLSLLLIGFWDCVTCHGSPVDICTAKPRDIPMNPMCIYRSPEK
KATEDEGSEQKIPEATNRRVWELSKANSRFATTFYQHLADSKNDNDNIFLSPLSISTAFA
MTKLGACNDTLQQLMEVFKFDTISEKTSDQIHFFFAKLNCRLYRKANKSSKLVSANRLFG
DKSLTFNETYQDISELVYGAKLQPLDFKENAEQSRAAINKWVSNKTEGRITDVIPSEAIN
ELTVLVLVNTIYFKGLWKSKFSPENTRKELFYKADGESCSASMMYQEGKFRYRRVAEGTQ
VLELPFKGDDITMVLILPKPEKSLAKVEKELTPEVLQEWLDELEEMMLVVHMPRFRIEDG
FSLKEQLQDMGLVDLFSPEKSKLPGIVAEGRDDLYVSDAFHKAFLEVNEEGSEAAASTAV
VIAGRSLNPNRVTFKANRPFLVFIREVPLNTIIFMGRVANPCVK
Number of residues
464
Molecular Weight
52601.935
Theoretical pI
6.68
GO Classification
Functions
heparin binding / protease binding / serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Processes
blood coagulation / negative regulation of endopeptidase activity / negative regulation of inflammatory response / regulation of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway / response to nutrient
Components
blood microparticle / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / extracellular space / plasma membrane
General Function
Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific Function
Most important serine protease inhibitor in plasma that regulates the blood coagulation cascade. AT-III inhibits thrombin, matriptase-3/TMPRSS7, as well as factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Its inhibitory activity is greatly enhanced in the presence of heparin.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Secreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016053|Antithrombin-III (SERPINC1)
ATGTATTCCAATGTGATAGGAACTGTAACCTCTGGAAAAAGGAAGGTTTATCTTTTGTCC
TTGCTGCTCATTGGCTTCTGGGACTGCGTGACCTGTCACGGGAGCCCTGTGGACATCTGC
ACAGCCAAGCCGCGGGACATTCCCATGAATCCCATGTGCATTTACCGCTCCCCGGAGAAG
AAGGCAACTGAGGATGAGGGCTCAGAACAGAAGATCCCGGAGGCCACCAACCGGCGTGTC
TGGGAACTGTCCAAGGCCAATTCCCGCTTTGCTACCACTTTCTATCAGCACCTGGCAGAT
TCCAAGAATGACAATGATAACATTTTCCTGTCACCCCTGAGTATCTCCACGGCTTTTGCT
ATGACCAAGCTGGGTGCCTGTAATGACACCCTCCAGCAACTGATGGAGGTATTTAAGTTT
GACACCATATCTGAGAAAACATCTGATCAGATCCACTTCTTCTTTGCCAAACTGAACTGC
CGACTCTATCGAAAAGCCAACAAATCCTCCAAGTTAGTATCAGCCAATCGCCTTTTTGGA
GACAAATCCCTTACCTTCAATGAGACCTACCAGGACATCAGTGAGTTGGTATATGGAGCC
AAGCTCCAGCCCCTGGACTTCAAGGAAAATGCAGAGCAATCCAGAGCGGCCATCAACAAA
TGGGTGTCCAATAAGACCGAAGGCCGAATCACCGATGTCATTCCCTCGGAAGCCATCAAT
GAGCTCACTGTTCTGGTGCTGGTTAACACCATTTACTTCAAGGGCCTGTGGAAGTCAAAG
TTCAGCCCTGAGAACACAAGGAAGGAACTGTTCTACAAGGCTGATGGAGAGTCGTGTTCA
GCATCTATGATGTACCAGGAAGGCAAGTTCCGTTATCGGCGCGTGGCTGAAGGCACCCAG
GTGCTTGAGTTGCCCTTCAAAGGTGATGACATCACCATGGTCCTCATCTTGCCCAAGCCT
GAGAAGAGCCTGGCCAAGGTAGAGAAGGAACTCACCCCAGAGGTGCTGCAAGAGTGGCTG
GATGAATTGGAGGAGATGATGCTGGTGGTCCACATGCCCCGCTTCCGCATTGAGGACGGC
TTCAGTTTGAAGGAGCAGCTGCAAGACATGGGCCTTGTCGATCTGTTCAGCCCTGAAAAG
TCCAAACTCCCAGGTATTGTTGCAGAAGGCCGAGATGACCTCTATGTCTCAGATGCATTC
CATAAGGCATTTCTTGAGGTAAATGAAGAAGGCAGTGAAGCAGCTGCAAGTACCGCTGTT
GTGATTGCTGGCCGTTCGCTAAACCCCAACAGGGTGACTTTCAAGGCCAACAGGCCTTTC
CTGGTTTTTATAAGAGAAGTTCCTCTGAACACTATTATCTTCATGGGCAGAGTAGCCAAC
CCTTGTGTTAAGTAA
Chromosome Location
1
Locus
1q23-q25.1
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP01008
UniProtKB Entry NameANT3_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID179161
GenBank Gene IDM21642
GenAtlas IDSERPINC1
HGNC IDHGNC:775
General References
  1. Bock SC, Wion KL, Vehar GA, Lawn RM: Cloning and expression of the cDNA for human antithrombin III. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Dec 20;10(24):8113-25. [Article]
  2. Chandra T, Stackhouse R, Kidd VJ, Woo SL: Isolation and sequence characterization of a cDNA clone of human antithrombin III. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(7):1845-8. [Article]
  3. Olds RJ, Lane DA, Chowdhury V, De Stefano V, Leone G, Thein SL: Complete nucleotide sequence of the antithrombin gene: evidence for homologous recombination causing thrombophilia. Biochemistry. 1993 Apr 27;32(16):4216-24. [Article]
  4. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
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  6. Prochownik EV, Markham AF, Orkin SH: Isolation of a cDNA clone for human antithrombin III. J Biol Chem. 1983 Jul 10;258(13):8389-94. [Article]
  7. Bock SC, Marrinan JA, Radziejewska E: Antithrombin III Utah: proline-407 to leucine mutation in a highly conserved region near the inhibitor reactive site. Biochemistry. 1988 Aug 9;27(16):6171-8. [Article]
  8. Lindo VS, Kakkar VV, Learmonth M, Melissari E, Zappacosta F, Panico M, Morris HR: Antithrombin-TRI (Ala382 to Thr) causing severe thromboembolic tendency undergoes the S-to-R transition and is associated with a plasma-inactive high-molecular-weight complex of aggregated antithrombin. Br J Haematol. 1995 Mar;89(3):589-601. [Article]
  9. Bjork I, Danielsson A, Fenton JW, Jornvall: The site in human antithrombin for functional proteolytic cleavage by human thrombin. FEBS Lett. 1981 Apr 20;126(2):257-60. [Article]
  10. Blackburn MN, Smith RL, Carson J, Sibley CC: The heparin-binding site of antithrombin III. Identification of a critical tryptophan in the amino acid sequence. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jan 25;259(2):939-41. [Article]
  11. Kristiansen TZ, Bunkenborg J, Gronborg M, Molina H, Thuluvath PJ, Argani P, Goggins MG, Maitra A, Pandey A: A proteomic analysis of human bile. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2004 Jul;3(7):715-28. Epub 2004 Apr 14. [Article]
  12. Bunkenborg J, Pilch BJ, Podtelejnikov AV, Wisniewski JR: Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Proteomics. 2004 Feb;4(2):454-65. [Article]
  13. Szabo R, Netzel-Arnett S, Hobson JP, Antalis TM, Bugge TH: Matriptase-3 is a novel phylogenetically preserved membrane-anchored serine protease with broad serpin reactivity. Biochem J. 2005 Aug 15;390(Pt 1):231-42. [Article]
  14. Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG 2nd, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;4(6):2070-80. [Article]
  15. Lewandrowski U, Moebius J, Walter U, Sickmann A: Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a glycoproteomic approach. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006 Feb;5(2):226-33. Epub 2005 Oct 31. [Article]
  16. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. doi: 10.1021/pr8008012. [Article]
  17. Nilsson J, Ruetschi U, Halim A, Hesse C, Carlsohn E, Brinkmalm G, Larson G: Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification. Nat Methods. 2009 Nov;6(11):809-11. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1392. Epub 2009 Oct 18. [Article]
  18. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. [Article]
  19. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
  20. Tagliabracci VS, Wiley SE, Guo X, Kinch LN, Durrant E, Wen J, Xiao J, Cui J, Nguyen KB, Engel JL, Coon JJ, Grishin N, Pinna LA, Pagliarini DJ, Dixon JE: A Single Kinase Generates the Majority of the Secreted Phosphoproteome. Cell. 2015 Jun 18;161(7):1619-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.028. [Article]
  21. Carrell RW, Stein PE, Fermi G, Wardell MR: Biological implications of a 3 A structure of dimeric antithrombin. Structure. 1994 Apr 15;2(4):257-70. [Article]
  22. Schreuder HA, de Boer B, Dijkema R, Mulders J, Theunissen HJ, Grootenhuis PD, Hol WG: The intact and cleaved human antithrombin III complex as a model for serpin-proteinase interactions. Nat Struct Biol. 1994 Jan;1(1):48-54. [Article]
  23. Skinner R, Abrahams JP, Whisstock JC, Lesk AM, Carrell RW, Wardell MR: The 2.6 A structure of antithrombin indicates a conformational change at the heparin binding site. J Mol Biol. 1997 Feb 28;266(3):601-9. [Article]
  24. Skinner R, Chang WS, Jin L, Pei X, Huntington JA, Abrahams JP, Carrell RW, Lomas DA: Implications for function and therapy of a 2.9 A structure of binary-complexed antithrombin. J Mol Biol. 1998;283(1):9-14. [Article]
  25. Mourey L, Samama JP, Delarue M, Choay J, Lormeau JC, Petitou M, Moras D: Antithrombin III: structural and functional aspects. Biochimie. 1990 Aug;72(8):599-608. [Article]
  26. Lane DA, Olds RJ, Boisclair M, Chowdhury V, Thein SL, Cooper DN, Blajchman M, Perry D, Emmerich J, Aiach M: Antithrombin III mutation database: first update. For the Thrombin and its Inhibitors Subcommittee of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Thromb Haemost. 1993 Aug 2;70(2):361-9. [Article]
  27. Stein PE, Carrell RW: What do dysfunctional serpins tell us about molecular mobility and disease? Nat Struct Biol. 1995 Feb;2(2):96-113. [Article]
  28. Perry DJ, Carrell RW: Molecular genetics of human antithrombin deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1996;7(1):7-22. [Article]
  29. Lane DA, Bayston T, Olds RJ, Fitches AC, Cooper DN, Millar DS, Jochmans K, Perry DJ, Okajima K, Thein SL, Emmerich J: Antithrombin mutation database: 2nd (1997) update. For the Plasma Coagulation Inhibitors Subcommittee of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Thromb Haemost. 1997 Jan;77(1):197-211. [Article]
  30. Koide T, Odani S, Takahashi K, Ono T, Sakuragawa N: Antithrombin III Toyama: replacement of arginine-47 by cysteine in hereditary abnormal antithrombin III that lacks heparin-binding ability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(2):289-93. [Article]
  31. Chang JY, Tran TH: Antithrombin III Basel. Identification of a Pro-Leu substitution in a hereditary abnormal antithrombin with impaired heparin cofactor activity. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jan 25;261(3):1174-6. [Article]
  32. Stephens AW, Thalley BS, Hirs CH: Antithrombin-III Denver, a reactive site variant. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jan 25;262(3):1044-8. [Article]
  33. Devraj-Kizuk R, Chui DH, Prochownik EV, Carter CJ, Ofosu FA, Blajchman MA: Antithrombin-III-Hamilton: a gene with a point mutation (guanine to adenine) in codon 382 causing impaired serine protease reactivity. Blood. 1988 Nov;72(5):1518-23. [Article]
  34. Erdjument H, Lane DA, Panico M, Di Marzo V, Morris HR: Single amino acid substitutions in the reactive site of antithrombin leading to thrombosis. Congenital substitution of arginine 393 to cysteine in antithrombin Northwick Park and to histidine in antithrombin Glasgow. J Biol Chem. 1988 Apr 25;263(12):5589-93. [Article]
  35. Erdjument H, Lane DA, Panico M, Di Marzo V, Morris HR, Bauer K, Rosenberg RD: Antithrombin Chicago, amino acid substitution of arginine 393 to histidine. Thromb Res. 1989 Jun 15;54(6):613-9. [Article]
  36. Borg JY, Brennan SO, Carrell RW, George P, Perry DJ, Shaw J: Antithrombin Rouen-IV 24 Arg----Cys. The amino-terminal contribution to heparin binding. FEBS Lett. 1990 Jun 18;266(1-2):163-6. [Article]
  37. Daly M, Bruce D, Perry DJ, Price J, Harper PL, O'Meara A, Carrell RW: Antithrombin Dublin (-3 Val----Glu): an N-terminal variant which has an aberrant signal peptidase cleavage site. FEBS Lett. 1990 Oct 29;273(1-2):87-90. [Article]
  38. Gandrille S, Aiach M, Lane DA, Vidaud D, Molho-Sabatier P, Caso R, de Moerloose P, Fiessinger JN, Clauser E: Important role of arginine 129 in heparin-binding site of antithrombin III. Identification of a novel mutation arginine 129 to glutamine. J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 5;265(31):18997-9001. [Article]
  39. Austin RC, Rachubinski RA, Blajchman MA: Site-directed mutagenesis of alanine-382 of human antithrombin III. FEBS Lett. 1991 Mar 25;280(2):254-8. [Article]
  40. Perry DJ, Daly M, Harper PL, Tait RC, Price J, Walker ID, Carrell RW: Antithrombin Cambridge II, 384 Ala to Ser. Further evidence of the role of the reactive centre loop in the inhibitory function of the serpins. FEBS Lett. 1991 Jul 22;285(2):248-50. [Article]
  41. Olds RJ, Lane DA, Boisclair M, Sas G, Bock SC, Thein SL: Antithrombin Budapest 3. An antithrombin variant with reduced heparin affinity resulting from the substitution L99F. FEBS Lett. 1992 Apr 6;300(3):241-6. [Article]
  42. Blajchman MA, Fernandez-Rachubinski F, Sheffield WP, Austin RC, Schulman S: Antithrombin-III-Stockholm: a codon 392 (Gly----Asp) mutation with normal heparin binding and impaired serine protease reactivity. Blood. 1992 Mar 15;79(6):1428-34. [Article]
  43. Okajima K, Abe H, Maeda S, Motomura M, Tsujihata M, Nagataki S, Okabe H, Takatsuki K: Antithrombin III Nagasaki (Ser116-Pro): a heterozygous variant with defective heparin binding associated with thrombosis. Blood. 1993 Mar 1;81(5):1300-5. [Article]
  44. Olds RJ, Lane DA, Beresford CH, Abildgaard U, Hughes PM, Thein SL: A recurrent deletion in the antithrombin gene, AT106-108(-6 bp), identified by DNA heteroduplex detection. Genomics. 1993 Apr;16(1):298-9. [Article]
  45. Emmerich J, Vidaud D, Alhenc-Gelas M, Chadeuf G, Gouault-Heilmann M, Aillaud MF, Aiach M: Three novel mutations of antithrombin inducing high-molecular-mass compounds. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994 Dec;14(12):1958-65. [Article]
  46. Millar DS, Wacey AI, Ribando J, Melissari E, Laursen B, Woods P, Kakkar VV, Cooper DN: Three novel missense mutations in the antithrombin III (AT3) gene causing recurrent venous thrombosis. Hum Genet. 1994 Nov;94(5):509-12. [Article]
  47. Jochmans K, Lissens W, Vervoort R, Peeters S, De Waele M, Liebaers I: Antithrombin-Gly 424 Arg: a novel point mutation responsible for type 1 antithrombin deficiency and neonatal thrombosis. Blood. 1994 Jan 1;83(1):146-51. [Article]
  48. van Boven HH, Olds RJ, Thein SL, Reitsma PH, Lane DA, Briet E, Vandenbroucke JP, Rosendaal FR: Hereditary antithrombin deficiency: heterogeneity of the molecular basis and mortality in Dutch families. Blood. 1994 Dec 15;84(12):4209-13. [Article]
  49. Bruce D, Perry DJ, Borg JY, Carrell RW, Wardell MR: Thromboembolic disease due to thermolabile conformational changes of antithrombin Rouen-VI (187 Asn-->Asp) J Clin Invest. 1994 Dec;94(6):2265-74. [Article]
  50. Emmerich J, Chadeuf G, Alhenc-Gelas M, Gouault-Heilman M, Toulon P, Fiessinger JN, Aiach M: Molecular basis of antithrombin type I deficiency: the first large in-frame deletion and two novel mutations in exon 6. Thromb Haemost. 1994 Oct;72(4):534-9. [Article]
  51. Okajima K, Abe H, Wagatsuma M, Okabe H, Takatsuki K: Antithrombin III Kumamoto II; a single mutation at Arg393-His increased the affinity of antithrombin III for heparin. Am J Hematol. 1995 Jan;48(1):12-8. [Article]
  52. Ozawa T, Takikawa Y, Niiya K, Fujiwara T, Suzuki K, Sato S, Sakuragawa N: Antithrombin Morioka (Cys 95-Arg): a novel missense mutation causing type I antithrombin deficiency. Thromb Haemost. 1997 Feb;77(2):403. [Article]
  53. Fitches AC, Appleby R, Lane DA, De Stefano V, Leone G, Olds RJ: Impaired cotranslational processing as a mechanism for type I antithrombin deficiency. Blood. 1998 Dec 15;92(12):4671-6. [Article]
  54. Jochmans K, Lissens W, Seneca S, Capel P, Chatelain B, Meeus P, Osselaer JC, Peerlinck K, Seghers J, Slacmeulder M, Stibbe J, van de Loo J, Vermylen J, Liebaers I, De Waele M: The molecular basis of antithrombin deficiency in Belgian and Dutch families. Thromb Haemost. 1998 Sep;80(3):376-81. [Article]
  55. Bayston TA, Tripodi A, Mannucci PM, Thompson E, Ireland H, Fitches AC, Hananeia L, Olds RJ, Lane DA: Familial overexpression of beta antithrombin caused by an Asn135Thr substitution. Blood. 1999 Jun 15;93(12):4242-7. [Article]
  56. Picard V, Bura A, Emmerich J, Alhenc-Gelas M, Biron C, Houbouyan-Reveillard LL, Molho P, Labatide-Alanore A, Sie P, Toulon P, Verdy E, Aiach M: Molecular bases of antithrombin deficiency in French families: identification of seven novel mutations in the antithrombin gene. Br J Haematol. 2000 Sep;110(3):731-4. [Article]
  57. Niiya K, Kiguchi T, Dansako H, Fujimura K, Fujimoto T, Iijima K, Tanimoto M, Harada M: Two novel gene mutations in type I antithrombin deficiency. Int J Hematol. 2001 Dec;74(4):469-72. [Article]
  58. Baud O, Picard V, Durand P, Duchemin J, Proulle V, Alhenc-Gelas M, Devictor D, Dreyfus M: Intracerebral hemorrhage associated with a novel antithrombin gene mutation in a neonate. J Pediatr. 2001 Nov;139(5):741-3. [Article]
  59. Mushunje A, Zhou A, Huntington JA, Conard J, Carrell RW: Antithrombin 'DREUX' (Lys 114Glu): a variant with complete loss of heparin affinity. Thromb Haemost. 2002 Sep;88(3):436-43. [Article]
  60. Picard V, Dautzenberg MD, Villoutreix BO, Orliaguet G, Alhenc-Gelas M, Aiach M: Antithrombin Phe229Leu: a new homozygous variant leading to spontaneous antithrombin polymerization in vivo associated with severe childhood thrombosis. Blood. 2003 Aug 1;102(3):919-25. Epub 2003 Feb 20. [Article]
  61. Nagaizumi K, Inaba H, Amano K, Suzuki M, Arai M, Fukutake K: Five novel and four recurrent point mutations in the antithrombin gene causing venous thrombosis. Int J Hematol. 2003 Jul;78(1):79-83. [Article]
  62. David D, Ribeiro S, Ferrao L, Gago T, Crespo F: Molecular basis of inherited antithrombin deficiency in Portuguese families: identification of genetic alterations and screening for additional thrombotic risk factors. Am J Hematol. 2004 Jun;76(2):163-71. [Article]
  63. Kuhli C, Jochmans K, Scharrer I, Luchtenberg M, Hattenbach LO: Retinal vein occlusion associated with antithrombin deficiency secondary to a novel G9840C missense mutation. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Aug;124(8):1165-9. [Article]
  64. Puurunen M, Salo P, Engelbarth S, Javela K, Perola M: Type II antithrombin deficiency caused by a founder mutation Pro73Leu in the Finnish population: clinical picture. J Thromb Haemost. 2013 Oct;11(10):1844-9. doi: 10.1111/jth.12364. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB00569Fondaparinuxapproved, investigationalyespotentiatorDetails
DB01109Heparinapproved, investigationalyespotentiatorDetails
DB01225EnoxaparinapprovedyespotentiatorDetails
DB05361SR-123781AinvestigationalunknownDetails
DB06271Sulodexideapproved, investigationalyespotentiatorDetails
DB00407Ardeparinapproved, investigational, withdrawnyespotentiatorDetails
DB04464N-FormylmethionineexperimentalunknownDetails
DB06822TinzaparinapprovedyespotentiatorDetails
DB08813Nadroparinapproved, investigationalyespotentiatorDetails
DB06779DalteparinapprovedyespotentiatorDetails
DB11598Antithrombin III humanapprovedunknownagonistDetails
DB09130Copperapproved, investigationalunknownDetails
DB09258Bemiparinapproved, investigationalunknownantagonistDetails
DB06754Danaparoidapproved, withdrawnyespositive allosteric modulatorDetails
DB09141Protamine sulfateapprovedunknownDetails