Parathyroid hormone

Details

Name
Parathyroid hormone
Synonyms
  • Parathormone
  • Parathyrin
  • PTH
Gene Name
PTH
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0012312|Parathyroid hormone
MIPAKDMAKVMIVMLAICFLTKSDGKSVKKRSVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQ
DVHNFVALGAPLAPRDAGSQRPRKKEDNVLVESHEKSLGEADKADVNVLTKAKSQ
Number of residues
115
Molecular Weight
12861.0
Theoretical pI
10.49
GO Classification
Functions
hormone activity / parathyroid hormone receptor binding / peptide hormone receptor binding / transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
Processes
adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway / bone resorption / cAMP metabolic process / cell-cell signaling / cellular calcium ion homeostasis / cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process / G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway / hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway / negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter / positive regulation of bone mineralization / positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process / positive regulation of glucose import / positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process / positive regulation of signal transduction / positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter / regulation of gene expression / response to cadmium ion / response to drug / response to ethanol / response to fibroblast growth factor / response to lead ion / response to parathyroid hormone / response to vitamin D / Rho protein signal transduction / skeletal system development
Components
extracellular region / extracellular space / intracellular
General Function
Transcription factor activity, rna polymerase ii distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
Specific Function
PTH elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion. Stimulates [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblastic cells.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Secreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0012313|Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
ATGATACCTGCAAAAGACATGGCTAAAGTTATGATTGTCATGTTGGCAATTTGTTTTCTT
ACAAAATCGGATGGGAAATCTGTTAAGAAGAGATCTGTGAGTGAAATACAGCTTATGCAT
AACCTGGGAAAACATCTGAACTCGATGGAGAGAGTAGAATGGCTGCGTAAGAAGCTGCAG
GATGTGCACAATTTTGTTGCCCTTGGAGCTCCTCTAGCTCCCAGAGATGCTGGTTCCCAG
AGGCCCCGAAAAAAGGAAGACAATGTCTTGGTTGAGAGCCATGAAAAAAGTCTTGGAGAG
GCAGACAAAGCTGATGTGAATGTATTAACTAAAGCTAAATCCCAGTGA
Chromosome Location
11
Locus
11p15.3-p15.1
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP01270
UniProtKB Entry NamePTHY_HUMAN
GenBank Gene IDV00597
GenAtlas IDPTH
HGNC IDHGNC:9606
General References
  1. Hendy GN, Kronenberg HM, Potts JT Jr, Rich A: Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs encoding human preproparathyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Dec;78(12):7365-9. [Article]
  2. Vasicek TJ, McDevitt BE, Freeman MW, Fennick BJ, Hendy GN, Potts JT Jr, Rich A, Kronenberg HM: Nucleotide sequence of the human parathyroid hormone gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(8):2127-31. [Article]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  4. Karaplis AC, Lim SK, Baba H, Arnold A, Kronenberg HM: Inefficient membrane targeting, translocation, and proteolytic processing by signal peptidase of a mutant preproparathyroid hormone protein. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jan 27;270(4):1629-35. [Article]
  5. Jacobs JW, Kemper B, Niall HD, Habener JF, Potts JT Jr: Structural analysis of human proparathyroid hormone by a new microsequencing approach. Nature. 1974 May 10;249(453):155-7. [Article]
  6. Zhang Z, Henzel WJ: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. Protein Sci. 2004 Oct;13(10):2819-24. Epub 2004 Aug 31. [Article]
  7. Niall HD, Sauer RT, Jacobs JW, Keutmann HT, Segre GV, O'Riordan JL, Aurbach GD, Potts JT Jr: The amino-acid sequence of the amino-terminal 37 residues of human parathyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Feb;71(2):384-8. [Article]
  8. Keutmann HT, Sauer MM, Hendy GN, O'Riordan LH, Potts JT Jr: Complete amino acid sequence of human parathyroid hormone. Biochemistry. 1978 Dec 26;17(26):5723-9. [Article]
  9. Keutmann HT, Niall HD, O'Riordan JL, Potts JT Jr: A reinvestigation of the amino-terminal sequence of human parathyroid hormone. Biochemistry. 1975 May 6;14(9):1842-7. [Article]
  10. Tregear GW, van Rietschoten J, Greene E, Niall HD, Keutmann HT, Parsons JA, O'Riordan JL, Potts JT Jr: Solid-phase synthesis of the biologically active N-terminal 1 - 34 peptide of human parathyroid hormone. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1974 Apr;355(4):415-21. [Article]
  11. Andreatta RH, Hartmann A, Johl A, Kamber B, Maier R, Riniker B, Rittel W, Sieber P: [Synthesis of sequence 1-34 of human parathyroid hormone]. Helv Chim Acta. 1973;56(1):470-3. [Article]
  12. Zoidis E, Ghirlanda-Keller C, Schmid C: Stimulation of glucose transport in osteoblastic cells by parathyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor I. Mol Cell Biochem. 2011 Feb;348(1-2):33-42. doi: 10.1007/s11010-010-0634-z. Epub 2010 Nov 13. [Article]
  13. Klaus W, Dieckmann T, Wray V, Schomburg D, Wingender E, Mayer H: Investigation of the solution structure of the human parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) by 1H NMR spectroscopy, distance geometry, and molecular dynamics calculations. Biochemistry. 1991 Jul 16;30(28):6936-42. [Article]
  14. Barden JA, Cuthbertson RM: Stabilized NMR structure of human parathyroid hormone(1-34). Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jul 15;215(2):315-21. [Article]
  15. Marx UC, Austermann S, Bayer P, Adermann K, Ejchart A, Sticht H, Walter S, Schmid FX, Jaenicke R, Forssmann WG, et al.: Structure of human parathyroid hormone 1-37 in solution. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 23;270(25):15194-202. [Article]
  16. Marx UC, Adermann K, Bayer P, Forssmann WG, Rosch P: Solution structures of human parathyroid hormone fragments hPTH(1-34) and hPTH(1-39) and bovine parathyroid hormone fragment bPTH(1-37). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jan 7;267(1):213-20. [Article]
  17. Jin L, Briggs SL, Chandrasekhar S, Chirgadze NY, Clawson DK, Schevitz RW, Smiley DL, Tashjian AH, Zhang F: Crystal structure of human parathyroid hormone 1-34 at 0.9-A resolution. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 1;275(35):27238-44. [Article]
  18. Pioszak AA, Xu HE: Molecular recognition of parathyroid hormone by its G protein-coupled receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Apr 1;105(13):5034-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0801027105. Epub 2008 Mar 28. [Article]
  19. Arnold A, Horst SA, Gardella TJ, Baba H, Levine MA, Kronenberg HM: Mutation of the signal peptide-encoding region of the preproparathyroid hormone gene in familial isolated hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Invest. 1990 Oct;86(4):1084-7. [Article]
  20. Sunthornthepvarakul T, Churesigaew S, Ngowngarmratana S: A novel mutation of the signal peptide of the preproparathyroid hormone gene associated with autosomal recessive familial isolated hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Oct;84(10):3792-6. [Article]
  21. Datta R, Waheed A, Shah GN, Sly WS: Signal sequence mutation in autosomal dominant form of hypoparathyroidism induces apoptosis that is corrected by a chemical chaperone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 11;104(50):19989-94. Epub 2007 Dec 3. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB04419D-norleucineexperimentalunknownDetails
DB05883ABX-PTHinvestigationalunknownDetails