HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain

Details

Name
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain
Synonyms
  • HLA-DQB
  • MHC class II antigen DQB1
Gene Name
HLA-DQB1
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0009387|HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain
MSWKKALRIPGGLRAATVTLMLAMLSTPVAEGRDSPEDFVYQFKAMCYFTNGTERVRYVT
RYIYNREEYARFDSDVEVYRAVTPLGPPDAEYWNSQKEVLERTRAELDTVCRHNYQLELR
TTLQRRVEPTVTISPSRTEALNHHNLLVCSVTDFYPAQIKVRWFRNDQEETTGVVSTPLI
RNGDWTFQILVMLEMTPQHGDVYTCHVEHPSLQNPITVEWRAQSESAQSKMLSGIGGFVL
GLIFLGLGLIIHHRSQKGLLH
Number of residues
261
Molecular Weight
29991.02
Theoretical pI
Not Available
GO Classification
Functions
MHC class II receptor activity / peptide antigen binding
Processes
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II / cytokine-mediated signaling pathway / humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin / immune response / immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin mediated immune response / interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway / T cell costimulation / T cell receptor signaling pathway
Components
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane / endocytic vesicle membrane / endosome membrane / ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane / Golgi membrane / integral component of lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane / lysosomal membrane / membrane / MHC class II protein complex / plasma membrane / trans-Golgi network membrane / transport vesicle membrane
General Function
Peptide antigen binding
Specific Function
Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
231-251
Cellular Location
Cell membrane
Chromosome Location
Not Available
Locus
Not Available
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP01920
UniProtKB Entry NameDQB1_HUMAN
HGNC IDHGNC:4944
General References
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Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails