Beta-2-glycoprotein 1

Details

Name
Beta-2-glycoprotein 1
Synonyms
  • Activated protein C-binding protein
  • Anticardiolipin cofactor
  • APC inhibitor
  • Apo-H
  • Apolipoprotein H
  • B2G1
  • B2GPI
  • Beta-2-glycoprotein I
  • Beta(2)GPI
Gene Name
APOH
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021341|Beta-2-glycoprotein 1
MISPVLILFSSFLCHVAIAGRTCPKPDDLPFSTVVPLKTFYEPGEEITYSCKPGYVSRGG
MRKFICPLTGLWPINTLKCTPRVCPFAGILENGAVRYTTFEYPNTISFSCNTGFYLNGAD
SAKCTEEGKWSPELPVCAPIICPPPSIPTFATLRVYKPSAGNNSLYRDTAVFECLPQHAM
FGNDTITCTTHGNWTKLPECREVKCPFPSRPDNGFVNYPAKPTLYYKDKATFGCHDGYSL
DGPEEIECTKLGNWSAMPSCKASCKVPVKKATVVYQGERVKIQEKFKNGMLHGDKVSFFC
KNKEKKCSYTEDAQCIDGTIEVPKCFKEHSSLAFWKTDASDVKPC
Number of residues
345
Molecular Weight
38297.8
Theoretical pI
8.03
GO Classification
Functions
glycoprotein binding / heparin binding / identical protein binding / lipid binding / lipoprotein lipase activator activity / phospholipid binding
Processes
blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway / negative regulation of angiogenesis / negative regulation of blood coagulation / negative regulation of endothelial cell migration / negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation / negative regulation of fibrinolysis / negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process / negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process / organ regeneration / plasminogen activation / positive regulation of blood coagulation / positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity / regulation of fibrinolysis / triglyceride metabolic process / triglyceride transport
Components
cell surface / chylomicron / extracellular exosome / extracellular space / high-density lipoprotein particle / very-low-density lipoprotein particle
General Function
Phospholipid binding
Specific Function
Binds to various kinds of negatively charged substances such as heparin, phospholipids, and dextran sulfate. May prevent activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation cascade by binding to phospholipids on the surface of damaged cells.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Secreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021342|Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 (APOH)
ATGATTTCTCCAGTGCTCATCTTGTTCTCGAGTTTTCTCTGCCATGTTGCTATTGCAGGA
CGGACCTGTCCCAAGCCAGATGATTTACCATTTTCCACAGTGGTCCCGTTAAAAACATTC
TATGAGCCAGGAGAAGAGATTACGTATTCCTGCAAGCCGGGCTATGTGTCCCGAGGAGGG
ATGAGAAAGTTTATCTGCCCTCTCACAGGACTGTGGCCCATCAACACTCTGAAATGTACA
CCCAGAGTATGTCCTTTTGCTGGAATCTTAGAAAATGGAGCCGTACGCTATACGACTTTT
GAATATCCCAACACGATCAGTTTTTCTTGTAACACTGGGTTTTATCTGAATGGCGCTGAT
TCTGCCAAGTGCACTGAGGAAGGAAAATGGAGCCCGGAGCTTCCTGTCTGTGCTCCCATC
ATCTGCCCTCCACCATCCATACCTACGTTTGCAACACTTCGTGTTTATAAGCCATCAGCT
GGAAACAATTCCCTCTATCGGGACACAGCAGTTTTTGAATGTTTGCCACAACATGCGATG
TTTGGAAATGATACAATTACCTGCACGACACATGGAAATTGGACTAAATTACCAGAATGC
AGGGAAGTAAAATGCCCATTCCCATCAAGACCAGACAATGGATTTGTGAACTATCCTGCA
AAACCAACACTTTATTACAAGGATAAAGCCACATTTGGCTGCCATGATGGATATTCTCTG
GATGGCCCGGAAGAAATAGAATGTACCAAACTGGGAAACTGGTCTGCCATGCCAAGTTGT
AAAGCATCTTGTAAAGTACCTGTGAAAAAAGCCACTGTGGTGTACCAAGGAGAGAGAGTA
AAGATTCAGGAAAAATTTAAGAATGGAATGCTACATGGTGATAAAGTTTCTTTCTTCTGC
AAAAATAAGGAAAAGAAGTGTAGCTATACAGAGGATGCTCAGTGTATAGATGGCACTATC
GAAGTCCCCAAATGCTTCAAGGAACACAGTTCTCTGGCTTTTTGGAAAACTGATGCATCC
GATGTAAAGCCATGCTAA
Chromosome Location
17
Locus
17q23-qter
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP02749
UniProtKB Entry NameAPOH_HUMAN
GenBank Gene IDX53595
GenAtlas IDAPOH
HGNC IDHGNC:616
General References
  1. Steinkasserer A, Estaller C, Weiss EH, Sim RB, Day AJ: Complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of human beta 2-glycoprotein I. Biochem J. 1991 Jul 15;277 ( Pt 2):387-91. [Article]
  2. Kristensen T, Schousboe I, Boel E, Mulvihill EM, Hansen RR, Moller KB, Moller NP, Sottrup-Jensen L: Molecular cloning and mammalian expression of human beta 2-glycoprotein I cDNA. FEBS Lett. 1991 Sep 9;289(2):183-6. [Article]
  3. Mehdi H, Nunn M, Steel DM, Whitehead AS, Perez M, Walker L, Peeples ME: Nucleotide sequence and expression of the human gene encoding apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I). Gene. 1991 Dec 15;108(2):293-8. [Article]
  4. Day JR, O'Hara PJ, Grant FJ, Lofton-Day C, Berkaw MN, Werner P, Arnaud P: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I). Int J Clin Lab Res. 1992;21(3):256-63. [Article]
  5. Matsuura E, Igarashi M, Igarashi Y, Nagae H, Ichikawa K, Yasuda T, Koike T: Molecular definition of human beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI) by cDNA cloning and inter-species differences of beta 2-GPI in alternation of anticardiolipin binding. Int Immunol. 1991 Dec;3(12):1217-21. [Article]
  6. Okkels H, Rasmussen TE, Sanghera DK, Kamboh MI, Kristensen T: Structure of the human beta2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H) gene. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Jan;259(1-2):435-40. [Article]
  7. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
  8. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  9. Lozier J, Takahashi N, Putnam FW: Complete amino acid sequence of human plasma beta 2-glycoprotein I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jun;81(12):3640-4. [Article]
  10. Matsuura E, Igarashi Y, Fujimoto M, Ichikawa K, Suzuki T, Sumida T, Yasuda T, Koike T: Heterogeneity of anticardiolipin antibodies defined by the anticardiolipin cofactor. J Immunol. 1992 Jun 15;148(12):3885-91. [Article]
  11. McNeil HP, Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA: Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(11):4120-4. [Article]
  12. Aleporou-Marinou V, Pappa H, Yalouris P, Patargias T: Purification of apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I)-like protein from human follicular fluid. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Mar;128(3):537-42. [Article]
  13. Steinkasserer A, Barlow PN, Willis AC, Kertesz Z, Campbell ID, Sim RB, Norman DG: Activity, disulphide mapping and structural modelling of the fifth domain of human beta 2-glycoprotein I. FEBS Lett. 1992 Nov 23;313(2):193-7. [Article]
  14. Gambino R, Ruiu G, Pagano G, Cassader M: Qualitative analysis of the carbohydrate composition of apolipoprotein H. J Protein Chem. 1997 Apr;16(3):205-12. [Article]
  15. Kristiansen TZ, Bunkenborg J, Gronborg M, Molina H, Thuluvath PJ, Argani P, Goggins MG, Maitra A, Pandey A: A proteomic analysis of human bile. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2004 Jul;3(7):715-28. Epub 2004 Apr 14. [Article]
  16. Bunkenborg J, Pilch BJ, Podtelejnikov AV, Wisniewski JR: Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Proteomics. 2004 Feb;4(2):454-65. [Article]
  17. Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG 2nd, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;4(6):2070-80. [Article]
  18. Ramachandran P, Boontheung P, Xie Y, Sondej M, Wong DT, Loo JA: Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human saliva by glycoprotein capture and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2006 Jun;5(6):1493-503. [Article]
  19. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. doi: 10.1021/pr8008012. [Article]
  20. Jia W, Lu Z, Fu Y, Wang HP, Wang LH, Chi H, Yuan ZF, Zheng ZB, Song LN, Han HH, Liang YM, Wang JL, Cai Y, Zhang YK, Deng YL, Ying WT, He SM, Qian XH: A strategy for precise and large scale identification of core fucosylated glycoproteins. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 May;8(5):913-23. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M800504-MCP200. Epub 2009 Jan 12. [Article]
  21. Nilsson J, Ruetschi U, Halim A, Hesse C, Carlsohn E, Brinkmalm G, Larson G: Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification. Nat Methods. 2009 Nov;6(11):809-11. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1392. Epub 2009 Oct 18. [Article]
  22. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. [Article]
  23. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
  24. Bouma B, de Groot PG, van den Elsen JM, Ravelli RB, Schouten A, Simmelink MJ, Derksen RH, Kroon J, Gros P: Adhesion mechanism of human beta(2)-glycoprotein I to phospholipids based on its crystal structure. EMBO J. 1999 Oct 1;18(19):5166-74. [Article]
  25. Schwarzenbacher R, Zeth K, Diederichs K, Gries A, Kostner GM, Laggner P, Prassl R: Crystal structure of human beta2-glycoprotein I: implications for phospholipid binding and the antiphospholipid syndrome. EMBO J. 1999 Nov 15;18(22):6228-39. [Article]
  26. Steinkasserer A, Dorner C, Wurzner R, Sim RB: Human beta 2-glycoprotein I: molecular analysis of DNA and amino acid polymorphism. Hum Genet. 1993 May;91(4):401-2. [Article]
  27. Sanghera DK, Kristensen T, Hamman RF, Kamboh MI: Molecular basis of the apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I) protein polymorphism. Hum Genet. 1997 Jul;100(1):57-62. [Article]
  28. Sanghera DK, Wagenknecht DR, McIntyre JA, Kamboh MI: Identification of structural mutations in the fifth domain of apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I) which affect phospholipid binding. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Feb;6(2):311-6. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB05446LJP 1082investigationalunknownDetails
DB09130Copperapproved, investigationalunknownDetails