Envelope glycoprotein gp160
Details
- Name
- Envelope glycoprotein gp160
- Synonyms
- Env polyprotein
- Gene Name
- env
- Organism
- HIV-1
- Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0012338|Envelope glycoprotein gp160 MRATEIRKNYQHLWKGGTLLLGMLMICSAAEQLWVTVYYGVPVWKEATTTLFCASDAKAY DTEVHNVWATHACVPTDPNPQEVKLENVTENFNMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQSLKPCVK LTPLCVTLNCTDLRNATNTTSSSWETMEKGEIKNCSFNITTSIRDKVQKEYALFYNLDVV PIDNASYRLISCNTSVITQACPKVSFEPIPIHYCAPAGFAILKCNDKKFNGTGPCTNVST VQCTHGIRPVVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEIVIRSENFTNNAKTIIVQLNESVVINCTRPNNNTR KSINIGPGRALYTTGEIIGDIRQAHCNLSKTQWENTLEQIAIKLKEQFGNNKTIIFNPSS GGDPEIVTHSFNCGGEFFYCNSTQLFTWNDTRKLNNTGRNITLPCRIKQIINMWQEVGKA MYAPPIRGQIRCSSNITGLLLTRDGGKDTNGTEIFRPGGGDMRDNWRSELYKYKVVKIEP LGVAPTKAKRRVVQREKRAVGLGALFLGFLGAAGSTMGAASITLTVQARQLLSGIVQQQN NLLRAIEAQQHLLQLTVWGIKQLQARVLAVERYLRDQQLLGIWGCSGKLICTTTVPWNTS WSNKSLNEIWDNMTWMKWEREIDNYTHIIYSLIEQSQNQQEKNEQELLALDKWASLWNWF DITKWLWYIKIFIMIVGGLIGLRIVFVVLSIVNRVRQGYSPLSFQTHLPAQRGPDRPDGI EEEGGERDRDRSGPLVDGFLAIIWVDLRSLCLFSYHRLRDLLLIVTRIVELLGRRGWGVL KYWWNLLQYWIQELKNSAVSLLNATAIAVAEGTDRVIEILQRAFRAVLHIPVRIRQGLER ALL
- Number of residues
- 843
- Molecular Weight
- 95647.42
- Theoretical pI
- 8.63
- GO Classification
- Functionsstructural molecule activityProcessesapoptotic process / clathrin-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell / evasion or tolerance by virus of host immune response / fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane / fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane / innate immune response / stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway / viral protein processing / virion attachment to host cellComponentshost cell endosome membrane / host cell plasma membrane / integral component of membrane / viral envelope / virion / virion membrane
- General Function
- Structural molecule activity
- Specific Function
- Envelope glycoprotein gp160: Oligomerizes in the host endoplasmic reticulum into predominantly trimers. In a second time, gp160 transits in the host Golgi, where glycosylation is completed. The precursor is then proteolytically cleaved in the trans-Golgi and thereby activated by cellular furin or furin-like proteases to produce gp120 and gp41.Surface protein gp120: Attaches the virus to the host lymphoid cell by binding to the primary receptor CD4. This interaction induces a structural rearrangement creating a high affinity binding site for a chemokine coreceptor like CXCR4 and/or CCR5. Acts as a ligand for CD209/DC-SIGN and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR, which are respectively found on dendritic cells (DCs), and on endothelial cells of liver sinusoids and lymph node sinuses. These interactions allow capture of viral particles at mucosal surfaces by these cells and subsequent transmission to permissive cells. HIV subverts the migration properties of dendritic cells to gain access to CD4+ T-cells in lymph nodes. Virus transmission to permissive T-cells occurs either in trans (without DCs infection, through viral capture and transmission), or in cis (following DCs productive infection, through the usual CD4-gp120 interaction), thereby inducing a robust infection. In trans infection, bound virions remain infectious over days and it is proposed that they are not degraded, but protected in non-lysosomal acidic organelles within the DCs close to the cell membrane thus contributing to the viral infectious potential during DCs' migration from the periphery to the lymphoid tissues. On arrival at lymphoid tissues, intact virions recycle back to DCs' cell surface allowing virus transmission to CD4+ T-cells.Transmembrane protein gp41: Acts as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of viral and target intracellular membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. Complete fusion occurs in host cell endosomes and is dynamin-dependent, however some lipid transfer might occur at the plasma membrane. The virus undergoes clathrin-dependent internalization long before endosomal fusion, thus minimizing the surface exposure of conserved viral epitopes during fusion and reducing the efficacy of inhibitors targeting these epitopes. Membranes fusion leads to delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm.
- Pfam Domain Function
- Transmembrane Regions
- 672-692
- Cellular Location
- Virion membrane
- Chromosome Location
- Not Available
- Locus
- Not Available
- External Identifiers
Resource Link UniProtKB ID P35961 UniProtKB Entry Name ENV_HV1Y2 - General References
- Li Y, Hui H, Burgess CJ, Price RW, Sharp PM, Hahn BH, Shaw GM: Complete nucleotide sequence, genome organization, and biological properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo: evidence for limited defectiveness and complementation. J Virol. 1992 Nov;66(11):6587-600. [Article]
- Rizzuto CD, Wyatt R, Hernandez-Ramos N, Sun Y, Kwong PD, Hendrickson WA, Sodroski J: A conserved HIV gp120 glycoprotein structure involved in chemokine receptor binding. Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1949-53. [Article]
- Geijtenbeek TB, van Kooyk Y: Pathogens target DC-SIGN to influence their fate DC-SIGN functions as a pathogen receptor with broad specificity. APMIS. 2003 Jul-Aug;111(7-8):698-714. [Article]
- Gallo SA, Finnegan CM, Viard M, Raviv Y, Dimitrov A, Rawat SS, Puri A, Durell S, Blumenthal R: The HIV Env-mediated fusion reaction. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Jul 11;1614(1):36-50. [Article]
- Perfettini JL, Castedo M, Roumier T, Andreau K, Nardacci R, Piacentini M, Kroemer G: Mechanisms of apoptosis induction by the HIV-1 envelope. Cell Death Differ. 2005 Aug;12 Suppl 1:916-23. [Article]
- Hartley O, Klasse PJ, Sattentau QJ, Moore JP: V3: HIV's switch-hitter. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2005 Feb;21(2):171-89. [Article]
- Reeves JD, Piefer AJ: Emerging drug targets for antiretroviral therapy. Drugs. 2005;65(13):1747-66. [Article]
- Lusso P: HIV and the chemokine system: 10 years later. EMBO J. 2006 Feb 8;25(3):447-56. Epub 2006 Jan 26. [Article]