Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

Details

Name
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Synonyms
  • 1.5.1.20
Gene Name
MTHFR
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0004270|Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
MVNEARGNSSLNPCLEGSASSGSESSKDSSRCSTPGLDPERHERLREKMRRRLESGDKWF
SLEFFPPRTAEGAVNLISRFDRMAAGGPLYIDVTWHPAGDPGSDKETSSMMIASTAVNYC
GLETILHMTCCRQRLEEITGHLHKAKQLGLKNIMALRGDPIGDQWEEEEGGFNYAVDLVK
HIRSEFGDYFDICVAGYPKGHPEAGSFEADLKHLKEKVSAGADFIITQLFFEADTFFRFV
KACTDMGITCPIVPGIFPIQGYHSLRQLVKLSKLEVPQEIKDVIEPIKDNDAAIRNYGIE
LAVSLCQELLASGLVPGLHFYTLNREMATTEVLKRLGMWTEDPRRPLPWALSAHPKRREE
DVRPIFWASRPKSYIYRTQEWDEFPNGRWGNSSSPAFGELKDYYLFYLKSKSPKEELLKM
WGEELTSEESVFEVFVLYLSGEPNRNGHKVTCLPWNDEPLAAETSLLKEELLRVNRQGIL
TINSQPNINGKPSSDPIVGWGPSGGYVFQKAYLEFFTSRETAEALLQVLKKYELRVNYHL
VNVKGENITNAPELQPNAVTWGIFPGREIIQPTVVDPVSFMFWKDEAFALWIERWGKLYE
EESPSRTIIQYIHDNYFLVNLVDNDFPLDNCLWQVVEDTLELLNRPTQNARETEAP
Number of residues
656
Molecular Weight
74595.895
Theoretical pI
5.0
GO Classification
Functions
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding / methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity / modified amino acid binding / NADP binding / protein complex binding
Processes
blood circulation / cellular amino acid metabolic process / folic acid metabolic process / heterochromatin maintenance / homocysteine metabolic process / methionine biosynthetic process / methionine metabolic process / regulation of histone methylation / response to drug / response to folic acid / response to hypoxia / response to interleukin-1 / response to vitamin B2 / S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process / small molecule metabolic process / tetrahydrofolate interconversion / vitamin metabolic process / water-soluble vitamin metabolic process
Components
cytosol / neuron projection
General Function
Protein complex binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Not Available
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0020597|Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)
ATGGTGAACGAAGCCAGAGGAAACAGCAGCCTCAACCCCTGCTTGGAGGGCAGTGCCAGC
AGTGGCAGTGAGAGCTCCAAAGATAGTTCGAGATGTTCCACCCCGGGCCTGGACCCCGAG
CGGCATGAGAGACTCCGGGAGAAGATGAGGCGGCGATTGGAATCTGGTGACAAGTGGTTC
TCCCTGGAATTCTTCCCTCCTCGAACTGCTGAGGGAGCTGTCAATCTCATCTCAAGGTTT
GACCGGATGGCAGCAGGTGGCCCCCTCTACATAGACGTGACCTGGCACCCAGCAGGTGAC
CCTGGCTCAGACAAGGAGACCTCCTCCATGATGATCGCCAGCACCGCCGTGAACTACTGT
GGCCTGGAGACCATCCTGCACATGACCTGCTGCCGTCAGCGCCTGGAGGAGATCACGGGC
CATCTGCACAAAGCTAAGCAGCTGGGCCTGAAGAACATCATGGCGCTGCGGGGAGACCCA
ATAGGTGACCAGTGGGAAGAGGAGGAGGGAGGCTTCAACTACGCAGTGGACCTGGTGAAG
CACATCCGAAGTGAGTTTGGTGACTACTTTGACATCTGTGTGGCAGGTTACCCCAAAGGC
CACCCCGAAGCAGGGAGCTTTGAGGCTGACCTGAAGCACTTGAAGGAGAAGGTGTCTGCG
GGAGCCGATTTCATCATCACGCAGCTTTTCTTTGAGGCTGACACATTCTTCCGCTTTGTG
AAGGCATGCACCGACATGGGCATCACTTGCCCCATCGTCCCCGGGATCTTTCCCATCCAG
GGCTACCACTCCCTTCGGCAGCTTGTGAAGCTGTCCAAGCTGGAGGTGCCACAGGAGATC
AAGGACGTGATTGAGCCAATCAAAGACAACGATGCTGCCATCCGCAACTATGGCATCGAG
CTGGCCGTGAGCCTGTGCCAGGAGCTTCTGGCCAGTGGCTTGGTGCCAGGCCTCCACTTC
TACACCCTCAACCGCGAGATGGCTACCACAGAGGTGCTGAAGCGCCTGGGGATGTGGACT
GAGGACCCCAGGCGTCCCCTACCCTGGGCTCTCAGCGCCCACCCCAAGCGCCGAGAGGAA
GATGTACGTCCCATCTTCTGGGCCTCCAGACCAAAGAGTTACATCTACCGTACCCAGGAG
TGGGACGAGTTCCCTAACGGCCGCTGGGGCAATTCCTCTTCCCCTGCCTTTGGGGAGCTG
AAGGACTACTACCTCTTCTACCTGAAGAGCAAGTCCCCCAAGGAGGAGCTGCTGAAGATG
TGGGGGGAGGAGCTGACCAGTGAAGAAAGTGTCTTTGAAGTCTTCGTTCTTTACCTCTCG
GGAGAACCAAACCGGAATGGTCACAAAGTGACTTGCCTGCCCTGGAACGATGAGCCCCTG
GCGGCTGAGACCAGCCTGCTGAAGGAGGAGCTGCTGCGGGTGAACCGCCAGGGCATCCTC
ACCATCAACTCACAGCCCAACATCAACGGGAAGCCGTCCTCCGACCCCATCGTGGGCTGG
GGCCCCAGCGGGGGCTATGTCTTCCAGAAGGCCTACTTAGAGTTTTTCACTTCCCGCGAG
ACAGCGGAAGCACTTCTGCAAGTGCTGAAGAAGTACGAGCTCCGGGTTAATTACCACCTT
GTCAATGTGAAGGGTGAAAACATCACCAATGCCCCTGAACTGCAGCCGAATGCTGTCACT
TGGGGCATCTTCCCTGGGCGAGAGATCATCCAGCCCACCGTAGTGGATCCCGTCAGCTTC
ATGTTCTGGAAGGACGAGGCCTTTGCCCTGTGGATTGAGCGGTGGGGAAAGCTGTATGAG
GAGGAGTCCCCGTCCCGCACCATCATCCAGTACATCCACGACAACTACTTCCTGGTCAAC
CTGGTGGACAATGACTTCCCACTGGACAACTGCCTCTGGCAGGTGGTGGAAGACACATTG
GAGCTTCTCAACAGGCCCACCCAGAATGCGAGAGAAACGGAGGCTCCATGA
Chromosome Location
1
Locus
1p36.3
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP42898
UniProtKB Entry NameMTHR_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID6139053
GenBank Gene IDU09806
GenAtlas IDMTHFR
HGNC IDHGNC:7436
General References
  1. Goyette P, Pai A, Milos R, Frosst P, Tran P, Chen Z, Chan M, Rozen R: Gene structure of human and mouse methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Mamm Genome. 1998 Aug;9(8):652-6. [Article]
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  5. Goyette P, Sumner JS, Milos R, Duncan AM, Rosenblatt DS, Matthews RG, Rozen R: Human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: isolation of cDNA, mapping and mutation identification. Nat Genet. 1994 Jun;7(2):195-200. [Article]
  6. Goyette P, Sumner JS, Milos R, Duncan AM, Rosenblatt DS, Matthews RG, Rozen R: Human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: isolation of cDNA mapping and mutation identification. Nat Genet. 1994 Aug;7(4):551. [Article]
  7. Tran P, Leclerc D, Chan M, Pai A, Hiou-Tim F, Wu Q, Goyette P, Artigas C, Milos R, Rozen R: Multiple transcription start sites and alternative splicing in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene result in two enzyme isoforms. Mamm Genome. 2002 Sep;13(9):483-92. [Article]
  8. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. [Article]
  9. Goyette P, Frosst P, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Seven novel mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and genotype/phenotype correlations in severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 May;56(5):1052-9. [Article]
  10. van der Put NM, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Frosst P, Trijbels FJ, Eskes TK, van den Heuvel LP, Mariman EC, den Heyer M, Rozen R, Blom HJ: Mutated methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase as a risk factor for spina bifida. Lancet. 1995 Oct 21;346(8982):1070-1. [Article]
  11. Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R, Goyette P, Sheppard CA, Matthews RG, Boers GJ, den Heijer M, Kluijtmans LA, van den Heuvel LP, et al.: A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nat Genet. 1995 May;10(1):111-3. [Article]
  12. Ou CY, Stevenson RE, Brown VK, Schwartz CE, Allen WP, Khoury MJ, Rozen R, Oakley GP Jr, Adams MJ Jr: 5,10 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetic polymorphism as a risk factor for neural tube defects. Am J Med Genet. 1996 Jun 28;63(4):610-4. [Article]
  13. Goyette P, Christensen B, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Severe and mild mutations in cis for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and description of five novel mutations in MTHFR. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;59(6):1268-75. [Article]
  14. Chen J, Giovannucci E, Kelsey K, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Hunter DJ: A methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 1996 Nov 1;56(21):4862-4. [Article]
  15. Schneider JA, Rees DC, Liu YT, Clegg JB: Worldwide distribution of a common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 May;62(5):1258-60. [Article]
  16. van der Put NM, Gabreels F, Stevens EM, Smeitink JA, Trijbels FJ, Eskes TK, van den Heuvel LP, Blom HJ: A second common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene: an additional risk factor for neural-tube defects? Am J Hum Genet. 1998 May;62(5):1044-51. [Article]
  17. Kluijtmans LA, Wendel U, Stevens EM, van den Heuvel LP, Trijbels FJ, Blom HJ: Identification of four novel mutations in severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Eur J Hum Genet. 1998 May-Jun;6(3):257-65. [Article]
  18. Weisberg I, Tran P, Christensen B, Sibani S, Rozen R: A second genetic polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) associated with decreased enzyme activity. Mol Genet Metab. 1998 Jul;64(3):169-72. [Article]
  19. Christensen B, Arbour L, Tran P, Leclerc D, Sabbaghian N, Platt R, Gilfix BM, Rosenblatt DS, Gravel RA, Forbes P, Rozen R: Genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase, folate levels in red blood cells, and risk of neural tube defects. Am J Med Genet. 1999 May 21;84(2):151-7. [Article]
  20. Skibola CF, Smith MT, Kane E, Roman E, Rollinson S, Cartwright RA, Morgan G: Polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene are associated with susceptibility to acute leukemia in adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12810-5. [Article]
  21. Sibani S, Christensen B, O'Ferrall E, Saadi I, Hiou-Tim F, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R: Characterization of six novel mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in patients with homocystinuria. Hum Mutat. 2000;15(3):280-7. [Article]
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  24. Urreizti R, Moya-Garcia AA, Pino-Angeles A, Cozar M, Langkilde A, Fanhoe U, Esteves C, Arribas J, Vilaseca MA, Perez-Duenas B, Pineda M, Gonzalez V, Artuch R, Baldellou A, Vilarinho L, Fowler B, Ribes A, Sanchez-Jimenez F, Grinberg D, Balcells S: Molecular characterization of five patients with homocystinuria due to severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Clin Genet. 2010 Nov;78(5):441-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01391.x. [Article]
  25. Burda P, Schafer A, Suormala T, Rummel T, Burer C, Heuberger D, Frapolli M, Giunta C, Sokolova J, Vlaskova H, Kozich V, Koch HG, Fowler B, Froese DS, Baumgartner MR: Insights into severe 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: molecular genetic and enzymatic characterization of 76 patients. Hum Mutat. 2015 Jun;36(6):611-21. doi: 10.1002/humu.22779. Epub 2015 Apr 27. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB00116Tetrahydrofolic acidnutraceuticalunknowncofactorDetails
DB00134Methionineapproved, nutraceuticalunknowninhibitorDetails
DB00140Riboflavinapproved, investigational, nutraceutical, vet_approvedunknowncofactorDetails
DB00158Folic acidapproved, nutraceutical, vet_approvedunknownsubstrateDetails
DB00170Menadioneapproved, nutraceuticalunknownsubstrateDetails
DB00542Benazeprilapproved, investigationalunknownsubstrateDetails
DB00563MethotrexateapprovedunknownsubstrateDetails
DB00115Cyanocobalaminapproved, nutraceuticalunknowncofactorDetails
DB00544FluorouracilapprovedunknownsubstrateDetails