Egl nine homolog 2

Details

Name
Egl nine homolog 2
Synonyms
  • 1.14.11.29
  • EIT6
  • Estrogen-induced tag 6
  • HIF-PH1
  • HIF-prolyl hydroxylase 1
  • HPH-1
  • HPH-3
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 1
  • PHD1
  • Prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 1
Gene Name
EGLN2
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0004339|Egl nine homolog 2
MDSPCQPQPLSQALPQLPGSSSEPLEPEPGRARMGVESYLPCPLLPSYHCPGVPSEASAG
SGTPRATATSTTASPLRDGFGGQDGGELRPLQSEGAAALVTKGCQRLAAQGARPEAPKRK
WAEDGGDAPSPSKRPWARQENQEAEREGGMSCSCSSGSGEASAGLMEEALPSAPERLALD
YIVPCMRYYGICVKDSFLGAALGGRVLAEVEALKRGGRLRDGQLVSQRAIPPRSIRGDQI
AWVEGHEPGCRSIGALMAHVDAVIRHCAGRLGSYVINGRTKAMVACYPGNGLGYVRHVDN
PHGDGRCITCIYYLNQNWDVKVHGGLLQIFPEGRPVVANIEPLFDRLLIFWSDRRNPHEV
KPAYATRYAITVWYFDAKERAAAKDKYQLASGQKGVQVPVSQPPTPT
Number of residues
407
Molecular Weight
43650.03
Theoretical pI
7.97
GO Classification
Functions
ferrous iron binding / L-ascorbic acid binding / oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors / oxygen sensor activity / peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
Processes
cell redox homeostasis / cellular response to hypoxia / intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway / peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline / positive regulation of protein catabolic process / regulation of cell growth / regulation of neuron apoptotic process / regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia / response to hypoxia
Components
cytosol / nucleoplasm / nucleus
General Function
Peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function
Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A. Also hydroxylates HIF2A. Has a preference for the CODD site for both HIF1A and HIF2A. Hydroxylated HIFs are then targeted for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Under hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation reaction is attenuated allowing HIFs to escape degradation resulting in their translocation to the nucleus, heterodimerization with HIF1B, and increased expression of hypoxy-inducible genes. EGLN2 is involved in regulating hypoxia tolerance and apoptosis in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Also regulates susceptibility to normoxic oxidative neuronal death. Links oxygen sensing to cell cycle and primary cilia formation by hydroxylating the critical centrosome component CEP192 which promotes its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Hydroxylates IKBKB, mediating NF-kappaB activation in hypoxic conditions. Target proteins are preferentially recognized via a LXXLAP motif.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Nucleus
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016715|Egl nine homolog 2 (EGLN2)
ATGGACAGCCCGTGCCAGCCGCAGCCCCTAAGTCAGGCTCTCCCTCAGTTACCAGGGTCT
TCGTCAGAGCCCTTGGAGCCTGAGCCTGGCCGGGCCAGGATGGGAGTGGAGAGTTACCTG
CCCTGTCCCCTGCTCCCCTCCTACCACTGTCCAGGAGTGCCTAGTGAGGCCTCGGCAGGG
AGTGGGACCCCCAGAGCCACAGCCACCTCTACCACTGCCAGCCCTCTTCGGGACGGTTTT
GGCGGGCAGGATGGTGGTGAGCTGCGGCCGCTGCAGAGTGAAGGCGCTGCAGCGCTGGTC
ACCAAGGGGTGCCAGCGATTGGCAGCCCAGGGCGCACGGCCTGAGGCCCCCAAACGGAAA
TGGGCCGAGGATGGTGGGGATGCCCCTTCACCCAGCAAACGGCCCTGGGCCAGGCAAGAG
AACCAGGAGGCAGAGCGGGAGGGTGGCATGAGCTGCAGCTGCAGCAGTGGCAGTGGTGAG
GCCAGTGCTGGGCTGATGGAGGAGGCGCTGCCCTCTGCGCCCGAGCGCCTGGCCCTGGAC
TATATCGTGCCCTGCATGCGGTACTACGGCATCTGCGTCAAGGACAGCTTCCTGGGGGCA
GCACTGGGCGGTCGCGTGCTGGCCGAGGTGGAGGCCCTCAAACGGGGTGGGCGCCTGCGA
GACGGGCAGCTAGTGAGCCAGAGGGCGATCCCGCCGCGCAGCATCCGTGGGGACCAGATT
GCCTGGGTGGAAGGCCATGAACCAGGCTGTCGAAGCATTGGTGCCCTCATGGCCCATGTG
GACGCCGTCATCCGCCACTGCGCAGGGCGGCTGGGCAGCTATGTCATCAACGGGCGCACC
AAGGCCATGGTGGCGTGTTACCCAGGCAACGGGCTCGGGTACGTAAGGCACGTTGACAAT
CCCCACGGCGATGGGCGCTGCATCACCTGTATCTATTACCTGAATCAGAACTGGGACGTT
AAGGTGCATGGCGGCCTGCTGCAGATCTTCCCTGAGGGCCGGCCCGTGGTAGCCAACATC
GAGCCACTCTTTGACCGGTTGCTCATTTTCTGGTCTGACCGGCGGAACCCCCACGAGGTG
AAGCCAGCCTATGCCACCAGGTACGCCATCACTGTCTGGTATTTTGATGCCAAGGAGCGG
GCAGCAGCCAAAGACAAGTATCAGCTAGCATCAGGACAGAAAGGTGTCCAAGTACCTGTA
TCACAGCCGCCTACGCCCACCTAG
Chromosome Location
19
Locus
19q13.2
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDQ96KS0
UniProtKB Entry NameEGLN2_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID14547148
GenBank Gene IDAJ310544
GenAtlas IDEGLN2
HGNC IDHGNC:14660
General References
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  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  7. Semenza GL: HIF-1, O(2), and the 3 PHDs: how animal cells signal hypoxia to the nucleus. Cell. 2001 Oct 5;107(1):1-3. [Article]
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  11. Huang J, Zhao Q, Mooney SM, Lee FS: Sequence determinants in hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha for hydroxylation by the prolyl hydroxylases PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3. J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 18;277(42):39792-800. Epub 2002 Aug 13. [Article]
  12. Metzen E, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Stengel P, Marxsen JH, Stolze I, Klinger M, Huang WQ, Wotzlaw C, Hellwig-Burgel T, Jelkmann W, Acker H, Fandrey J: Intracellular localisation of human HIF-1 alpha hydroxylases: implications for oxygen sensing. J Cell Sci. 2003 Apr 1;116(Pt 7):1319-26. [Article]
  13. Appelhoff RJ, Tian YM, Raval RR, Turley H, Harris AL, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Gleadle JM: Differential function of the prolyl hydroxylases PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3 in the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 10;279(37):38458-65. Epub 2004 Jul 7. [Article]
  14. Tian YM, Mole DR, Ratcliffe PJ, Gleadle JM: Characterization of different isoforms of the HIF prolyl hydroxylase PHD1 generated by alternative initiation. Biochem J. 2006 Jul 1;397(1):179-86. [Article]
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  16. Steinhoff A, Pientka FK, Mockel S, Kettelhake A, Hartmann E, Kohler M, Depping R: Cellular oxygen sensing: Importins and exportins are mediators of intracellular localisation of prolyl-4-hydroxylases PHD1 and PHD2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Oct 2;387(4):705-11. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.090. Epub 2009 Jul 23. [Article]
  17. Yasumoto K, Kowata Y, Yoshida A, Torii S, Sogawa K: Role of the intracellular localization of HIF-prolyl hydroxylases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 May;1793(5):792-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.01.014. Epub 2009 Feb 5. [Article]
  18. Pappalardi MB, McNulty DE, Martin JD, Fisher KE, Jiang Y, Burns MC, Zhao H, Ho T, Sweitzer S, Schwartz B, Annan RS, Copeland RA, Tummino PJ, Luo L: Biochemical characterization of human HIF hydroxylases using HIF protein substrates that contain all three hydroxylation sites. Biochem J. 2011 Jun 1;436(2):363-9. doi: 10.1042/BJ20101201. [Article]
  19. Foxler DE, Bridge KS, James V, Webb TM, Mee M, Wong SC, Feng Y, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Petursdottir TE, Bjornsson J, Ingvarsson S, Ratcliffe PJ, Longmore GD, Sharp TV: The LIMD1 protein bridges an association between the prolyl hydroxylases and VHL to repress HIF-1 activity. Nat Cell Biol. 2012 Jan 29;14(2):201-8. doi: 10.1038/ncb2424. [Article]
  20. Moser SC, Bensaddek D, Ortmann B, Maure JF, Mudie S, Blow JJ, Lamond AI, Swedlow JR, Rocha S: PHD1 links cell-cycle progression to oxygen sensing through hydroxylation of the centrosomal protein Cep192. Dev Cell. 2013 Aug 26;26(4):381-92. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.06.014. Epub 2013 Aug 8. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB00126Ascorbic acidapproved, nutraceuticalunknowncofactorDetails
DB04847Roxadustatapproved, investigationalyesinhibitorDetails
DB12255Vadadustatapproved, investigationalyesinhibitorDetails
DB11682Daprodustatapproved, investigationalyesinhibitorDetails