Zinc sulfate

Identification

Summary

Zinc sulfate is a drug used to replenish low levels of zinc or prevent zinc deficiency, or to test for zinc deficiency.

Brand Names
Anodan-HC, Anusol, Egozinc, Multitrace-4, Multitrace-5, Proctodan-HC, Rectogel, Riva-sol HC, Tandem Plus
Generic Name
Zinc sulfate
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09322
Background

Zinc sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnSO4 and historically known as "white vitriol". It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 161.472
Monoisotopic: 159.880875756
Chemical Formula
O4SZn
Synonyms
  • Zinc sulfate (anhydrous)
  • Zinc sulfate anhydrous
  • Zinc sulfate, anhydrous
  • Zinc sulphate
  • Zinc sulphate anhydrous
  • Zinc sulphate, anhydrous

Pharmacology

Indication

This medication is a mineral used to treat or prevent low levels of zinc alone and together with oral rehydration therapy (ORT). It is also used as a topical astringent. Zinc Sulfate Injection, USP is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for TPN.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination for symptomatic treatment ofDry eyesCombination Product in combination with: Phenylephrine (DB00388)••• ••••••••••• • •••••
Used in combination for symptomatic treatment ofLocal painCombination Product in combination with: Heparin (DB01109)•••••••••••••••
Used in combination for symptomatic treatment ofLocal swellingCombination Product in combination with: Heparin (DB01109)•••••••••••••••
Used in combination for symptomatic treatment ofLocal itchingCombination Product in combination with: Heparin (DB01109)•••••••••••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Zinc has been identified as a cofactor for over 70 different enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase and both RNA and DNA polymerase. Zinc facilitates wound healing, helps maintain normal growth rates, normal skin hydration and the senses of taste and smell.

Mechanism of action

Zinc inhibits cAMP-induced, chloride-dependent fluid secretion by inhibiting basolateral potassium (K) channels, in in-vitro studies with rat ileum. This study has also shown the specificity of Zn to cAMP-activated K channels, because zinc did not block the calcium (Ca)-mediated K channels. As this study was not performed in Zn-deficient animals, it provides evidence that Zn is probably effective in the absence of Zn deficiency. Zinc also improves the absorption of water and electrolytes, improves regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, increases the levels of brush border enzymes, and enhances the immune response, allowing for a better clearance of the pathogens.

Absorption

Approximately 20 to 30% of dietary zinc is absorbed, primarily from the duodenum and ileum. The amount absorbed is dependent on the bioavailability from food. Zinc is the most bioavailable from red meat and oysters. Phytates may impair absorption by chelation and formation of insoluble complexes at an alkaline pH. After absorption, zinc is bound in the intestine to the protein metallothionein. Endogenous zinc can be reabsorbed in the ileum and colon, creating an enteropancreatic circulation of zinc.

Volume of distribution

After absorption zinc is bound to protein metallothionein in the intestines. Zinc is widely distributed throughout the body. It is primarily stored in RBCs, WBCs, muscles, bones, Skin, Kidneys, Liver, Pancreas, retina, and prostate.

Protein binding

Zinc is 60% bound to albumin; 30 to 40% bound to alpha-2 macroglobulin or transferrin; and 1% bound to amino acids, primarily histidine and cysteine.

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Primarily fecal (approximately 90%); to a lesser extent in the urine and in perspiration.

Half-life

3 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Human : TDLo ( Oral) 45mg/kg/7D-C : Normocytic anemia, pulse rate increase without fall inBP Human: TDLo (oral) 106mg/kg : Hypermotylity, diarrhea Mouse ; LD50 Oral : 245mg/kg Mouse : LD50 : subcutaneous : 781mg/kg

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
CarbamazepineZinc sulfate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Carbamazepine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
CeftibutenZinc sulfate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ceftibuten resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
CephalexinZinc sulfate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cephalexin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
CinoxacinZinc sulfate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cinoxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
CiprofloxacinZinc sulfate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ciprofloxacin resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid milk and dairy products. Separate the use of zinc from these products by at least 2 hours before administration. Separate for 2 hours after administration if these products also contain phosphorus.
  • Do not take with bran and high fiber foods. For optimal absorption, take zinc at least 2 hours before or after eating high-fiber foods.
  • Take on an empty stomach. Take at least 1 hour before and 2 hours after eating for optimal absorption. Zinc can be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Zinc sulfate heptahydrateN57JI2K7WP7446-20-0RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Zinc sulfate hexahydrateNot Available13986-24-8QWCKCWSBAUZZLF-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Zinc sulfate monohydratePTX099XSF17446-19-7RNZCSKGULNFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Zinc cationionic13S1S8SF3723713-49-7PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Micro ZnSolution1 mg / mLIntravenousSandoz Canada Incorporated1992-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
Micro ZnSolution5 mg / mLIntravenousSandoz Canada Incorporated1992-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
Zin Pro Tab 90mgTablet90 mg / tabOralProfessional Health Products1991-12-311997-08-22Canada flag
Zinc SulfateInjection, solution5 mg/1mLIntravenousAMERICAN REGENT, INC.1990-09-302021-02-28US flag
Zinc SulfateInjection, solution1 mg/1mLIntravenousAMERICAN REGENT, INC.1990-09-302021-05-31US flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Anu-aide - Ont Top 0.5%Ointment.5 %TopicalTechnilab Pharma Inc.1997-07-302005-08-05Canada flag
Ascazin Capsules (Zinc 50.96mg)CapsuleOralUNIMED SDN BHD2020-09-08Not applicableMalaysia flag
EYE GLO RELIEF EYE DROPS 0.25%w/vSolution / drops0.25 %w/vOphthalmicDUOPHARMA (M) SDN. BHD.2021-12-02Not applicableMalaysia flag
EYE GLO RELIEF EYE DROPS 0.25%w/vSolution / drops0.25 %OphthalmicDuopharma Marketing Sdn. Bhd.2020-09-082021-12-12Malaysia flag
Zinc Liquid- 15mg/5mlLiquid15 mg / 5 mLOralMetagenics, Inc.1997-02-012008-08-28Canada flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
8-symptom ReliefZinc sulfate (0.25 % w/v) + Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (0.05 % w/v)SolutionOphthalmicTEVA Canada Limited2016-07-22Not applicableCanada flag
Adeks - DpsZinc sulfate (5 mg / mL) + Ascorbic acid (45 mg / mL) + Beta carotene (1 mg / mL) + Biotin (15 mcg / mL) + Cyanocobalamin (4 mcg / mL) + Nicotinamide (6 mg / mL) + Panthenol (3 mg / mL) + Phylloquinone (0.1 mg / mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (0.6 mg / mL) + Riboflavin (0.6 mg / mL) + Thiamine (0.5 mg / mL) + Vitamin A palmitate (1500 unit / mL) + Vitamin D (400 unit / mL) + Vitamin E (40 unit / mL)Solution / dropsOralAxcan Pharma1995-12-312007-10-01Canada flag
Allergy Eye DropsZinc sulfate (0.25 % w/v) + Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (0.05 % w/v)SolutionOphthalmicTEVA Canada Limited2007-05-23Not applicableCanada flag
Allergy Eye DropsZinc sulfate (0.25 % w/v) + Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (0.05 % w/v)SolutionOphthalmicKc Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Not applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Allergy Eye DropsZinc sulfate (0.25 %) + Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (0.05 %)Solution / dropsOphthalmicAlcon, Inc.2005-06-242009-04-24Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
MEDIZINC SURUP 100 MLZinc sulfate (100 ml)SyrupOralCASEL ECZACI CAHİT SELİMOĞLU İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. LTD. ŞTİ.2013-01-29Not applicableTurkey flag
Multitrace -4Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (22 mg/1mL) + Chromic chloride hexahydrate (51.3 ug/1mL) + Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (3.93 mg/1mL) + Manganese sulfate (1.54 mg/1mL)Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenousAMERICAN REGENT, INC.1993-11-29Not applicableUS flag
Multitrace -4Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (22 mg/1mL) + Chromic chloride hexahydrate (51.3 ug/1mL) + Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (3.93 mg/1mL) + Manganese sulfate (1.54 mg/1mL)Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenousAMERICAN REGENT, INC.1993-12-07Not applicableUS flag
Multitrace -4 PediatricZinc sulfate heptahydrate (4.39 mg/1mL) + Chromic chloride hexahydrate (5.12 ug/1mL) + Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (0.4 mg/1mL) + Manganese sulfate (77 ug/1mL)Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenousAMERICAN REGENT, INC.1993-12-09Not applicableUS flag
Multitrace-4Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (4.39 mg/1mL) + Chromic chloride hexahydrate (20.5 ug/1mL) + Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (1.57 mg/1mL) + Manganese sulfate (0.308 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntravenousAMERICAN REGENT, INC.1994-02-17Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
C05AX04 — Zinc preparationsA12CB01 — Zinc sulfateB05XA18 — Zinc sulfate
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal sulfates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a transition metal.
Kingdom
Inorganic compounds
Super Class
Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
Class
Transition metal oxoanionic compounds
Sub Class
Transition metal sulfates
Direct Parent
Transition metal sulfates
Alternative Parents
Inorganic salts / Inorganic oxides
Substituents
Inorganic oxide / Inorganic salt / Transition metal sulfate
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
zinc molecular entity, metal sulfate (CHEBI:35176)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
0J6Z13X3WO
CAS number
7733-02-0
InChI Key
NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI
InChI=1S/H2O4S.Zn/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2
IUPAC Name
zinc(2+) sulfate
SMILES
[Zn++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

References

General References
  1. DRUGS.COM [Link]
  2. NCBI [Link]
  3. ChemIDplus [Link]
  4. WebMD [Link]
  5. Pubchem [Link]
  6. DAILYMED [Link]
PubChem Compound
24424
PubChem Substance
310265204
ChemSpider
22833
RxNav
39954
ChEBI
35176
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1200929
PharmGKB
PA451971
Wikipedia
Zinc_sulfate

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedPreventionEffect of Drugs / Preterm, Infant / Zinc Deficiency Disease1
4CompletedPreventionImmunosuppression / Status;Splenectomy / Thalassemia1
4CompletedTreatmentAcute Diarrhea / Gastroenteritis Acute1
4CompletedTreatmentCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19)1
4CompletedTreatmentGlossitis, Benign Migratory1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Solution / dropsOral
SolutionOphthalmic
Drug delivery systemCutaneous
OintmentRectal; Topical
OintmentTopical.5 %
SuppositoryRectal
CapsuleOral
SyrupOral30 mg/5ml
SuspensionOral
Tablet, effervescentOral25 mg/1
SprayTopical
LiquidTopical
Tablet, effervescentOral
SolutionOral200 mg
Solution / dropsOphthalmic0.25 %w/v
Solution / dropsOphthalmic0.25 %
SyrupOral
SyrupOral400 mg
SyrupOral40000000 mg
Capsule, liquid filledOral2000000 mg
SolutionOral10 mg
SolutionOral1000000 mg
OintmentRectal
Tablet, coatedOral150 mcg
GelTopical
SolutionIntravenous
CapsuleOral5 mg / cap
SyrupOral100 ml
LiquidIntravenous
SolutionIntravenous1 mg / mL
SolutionIntravenous5 mg / mL
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous
Injection, solutionIntravenous
SolutionOral
LiquidOral
SyrupOral15 mg/5ml
TabletOral
OintmentTopical
EmulsionIntravenous
EmulsionIntravenous13.000 g
Injection, emulsionIntravenous
EmulsionParenteral
Capsule, liquid filledOral
CapsuleOral
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral
SyrupOral20 MG/5ML
Tablet, film coatedOral
GranuleOral
SyrupOral
TabletOral90 mg / tab
LiquidOral15 mg / 5 mL
TabletOral5 mg
LiquidOral5 mg / mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous1 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntravenous5 mg/1mL
Solution / drops; suspension / drops
Tablet, solubleOral54.9 MG
Tablet, solubleOral54.89 MG
LiquidOral13.5 mg / 10 mL
Tablet, effervescentOral
Tablet, effervescentOral50 mg
SyrupOral25 mg/5ml
SyrupOral30 mg
TabletOral30 mg
Solution / dropsOphthalmic
CapsuleOral50 mg
TabletOral
Tablet, sugar coatedOral88 mg
Tablet, effervescentOral88 mg
Tablet, effervescentOral69 mg
Capsule, liquid filledOral20 mg
Tablet, effervescentOral44 mg
Tablet, sugar coatedOral44 mg
Tablet, film coated
Tablet, solubleOral
Tablet, film coated25 mg
CapsuleOral25 mg
Tablet, coatedOral25 mg
TabletOral25 mg
LiquidOphthalmic
Tablet, film coated
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.84Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-3Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area80.26 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity11.53 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability5.81 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-08fr-0900000000-72ac9ed930d23dbb4017
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Drug created at November 17, 2015 17:46 / Updated at March 28, 2024 03:23