Clozapine hydrochlorideProduct ingredient for Clozapine

Clozapine is a tricyclic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent.²³ Clozapine displays affinity to various neuroreceptors with a particularly low affinity to the dopamine receptors, thus breaking the mold of first-generation antipsychotics and deeming it "atypical".²⁶. This low affinity to dopamine receptors results in fewer extrapyramidal side effects, especially tardive dyskinesia.²¹ However, its promiscuity toward the muscarinic and adrenergic receptors can result in other side effects, notably gastrointestinal hypomotility and orthostatic hypotension. ^27,8. Despite its effectiveness in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, clozapine was briefly removed from the market in various jurisdictions in 1970 due to severe agranulocytosis.^24,25 However, continued evidence of its effectiveness led to clozapine's eventual reintroduction, although with a reluctance to prescribe it.²⁵

Clozapine was approved by the FDA in 1989 for treatment-resistant schizophrenia under the brand CLOZARIL.²⁷ Due to its severe adverse effects profile, clozapine is only available through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the Clozapine REMS Program.²⁷

ChemSpider

15171283

ChEMBL

CHEMBL538973