Colistimethate

Identification

Summary

Colistimethate is an antibiotic indicated for treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of certain gram-negative bacilli. It is particularly useful for targeting sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Brand Names
Colobreathe, Coly Mycin M, Xylistin
Generic Name
Colistimethate
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01111
Background

Colistimethate is an antibiotic that has been shown to have bactericidal activity against aerobic gram-negative microorganisms. Colistimethate is particularly indicated when the infection is caused by sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 1634.87
Monoisotopic: 1633.588775306
Chemical Formula
C58H105N16O28S5
Synonyms
  • Colistin methanesulfonic acid
  • Colistin sulfomethate
  • Colistinmethanesulfonic acid

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of acute or chronic infections due to sensitive strains of certain gram-negative bacilli, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofBacterial infection••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Colistimethate is a polymyxin antibiotic agent. Originally, colistimethate sodium was thought to be less toxic than polymyxin B; however, if the drugs are administered at comparable doses, their toxicities may be similar. Polymyxins are cationic polypeptides that disrupt the bacterial cell membrane through a detergentlike mechanism. With the development of less toxic agents, such as extended-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins, parenteral polymyxin use was largely abandoned, except for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. More recently, however, the emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, and the lack of new antimicrobial agents have led to the revived use of the polymyxins.

Mechanism of action

Colistimethate is a surface active agent which penetrates into and disrupts the bacterial cell membrane. Colistimethate is polycationic and has both hydrophobic and lipophilic moieties. It interacts with the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, changing its permeability. This effect is bactericidal. There is also evidence that polymyxins enter the cell and precipitate cytoplasmic components, primarily ribosomes.

TargetActionsOrganism
ABacterial outer membrane
incorporation into and destabilization
Bacteria
Absorption

Very poor absorption from gastrointestinal tract.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

As 80% of the dose can be recovered unchanged in the urine, and there is no biliary excretion, it can be assumed that the remaining drug is inactivated in the tissues, however the mechanism is unknown.

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

2-3 hours following either intravenous or intramuscular administration in adults and in the pediatric population, including premature infants.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Oral LD50 in rats is 5450 mg/kg. Overdosage with colistimethate can cause neuromuscular blockade characterized by paresthesia, lethargy, confusion, dizziness, ataxia, nystagmus, disorders of speech and apnea. Respiratory muscle paralysis may lead to apnea, respiratory arrest and death.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirColistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AceclofenacThe risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Colistimethate is combined with Aceclofenac.
AcemetacinThe risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Colistimethate is combined with Acemetacin.
AcetaminophenColistimethate may decrease the excretion rate of Acetaminophen which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetylsalicylic acidThe risk or severity of nephrotoxicity can be increased when Acetylsalicylic acid is combined with Colistimethate.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Colistimethate sodiumXW0E5YS77G8068-28-8IQWHCHZFYPIVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-I
Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
ColistinprodrugZ67X93HJG11066-17-7YKQOSKADJPQZHB-BRLOSWAASA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Colistimethate for InjectionPowder, for solution150 mg / vialIntramuscular; IntravenousFresenius Kabi2014-06-05Not applicableCanada flag
Colistimethate for Injection U.S.P.Powder, for solution150 mg / vialIntramuscular; IntravenousSterimax Inc2002-04-15Not applicableCanada flag
ColobreatheCapsule1662500 IURespiratory (inhalation)Teva B.V.2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag
ColobreatheCapsule1662500 IURespiratory (inhalation)Teva B.V.2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag
ColobreatheCapsule1662500 IURespiratory (inhalation)Teva B.V.2016-09-08Not applicableEU flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ColistimethateInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution150 mg/2mLIntramuscular; IntravenousXGen Pharmaceuticals DJB, Inc.2011-01-01Not applicableUS flag
ColistimethateInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution150 mg/2mLIntramuscular; IntravenousSagent Pharmaceuticals2014-12-29Not applicableUS flag
ColistimethateInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution150 mg/2mLIntramuscular; IntravenousPaddock Laboratories, Inc.2014-04-152018-06-30US flag
ColistimethateInjection150 mg/2mLIntramuscular; IntravenousX-GEN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2016-07-012020-02-24US flag
ColistimethateInjection, powder, for solution150 mg/1Intramuscular; IntravenousXellia Pharmaceuticals USA LLC2022-02-20Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
COLBIOCINColistimethate sodium (180000 IU) + Chloramphenicol (10 MG/G) + Tetracycline (5 MG/G)OintmentOphthalmicSifi S.P.A.2014-07-08Not applicableItaly flag
COLBIOCINColistimethate sodium (180000 IU) + Chloramphenicol (4 MG/G) + Tetracycline (4.2 MG/G)Solution / dropsOphthalmicSifi S.P.A.2014-07-082022-06-01Italy flag
COLBIOCINColistimethate sodium (180000 IU/ml) + Chloramphenicol (4 MG/ML) + Tetracycline (4.2 MG/ML)Solution / dropsOphthalmicSifi S.P.A.2016-01-08Not applicableItaly flag

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as polypeptides. These are peptides containing ten or more amino acid residues.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic Polymers
Class
Polypeptides
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Polypeptides
Alternative Parents
Cyclic peptides / Macrolactams / N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acid amides / N-acyl amines / Organosulfonic acids / Alkanesulfonic acids / Sulfonyls / Secondary alcohols / Lactams
show 8 more
Substituents
Alcohol / Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound / Alkanesulfonic acid / Alpha-amino acid amide / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Azacycle / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group
show 28 more
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Gram-negative bacilli

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
DL2R53P963
CAS number
12705-41-8
InChI Key
BSSIRFLGSWHWDE-UHFFFAOYSA-I
InChI
InChI=1S/C58H110N16O28S5/c1-9-35(6)12-10-11-13-46(77)65-38(14-20-59-28-103(88,89)90)53(82)74-48(37(8)76)58(87)70-41(17-23-62-31-106(97,98)99)50(79)68-43-19-25-64-57(86)47(36(7)75)73-54(83)42(18-24-63-32-107(100,101)102)67-49(78)39(15-21-60-29-104(91,92)93)69-55(84)44(26-33(2)3)72-56(85)45(27-34(4)5)71-52(81)40(66-51(43)80)16-22-61-30-105(94,95)96/h33-45,47-48,59-63,75-76H,9-32H2,1-8H3,(H,64,86)(H,65,77)(H,66,80)(H,67,78)(H,68,79)(H,69,84)(H,70,87)(H,71,81)(H,72,85)(H,73,83)(H,74,82)(H,88,89,90)(H,91,92,93)(H,94,95,96)(H,97,98,99)(H,100,101,102)/p-5
IUPAC Name
[(3-{3-hydroxy-2-[2-(6-methyloctanamido)-4-[(sulfonatomethyl)amino]butanamido]butanamido}-3-{[3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-6,9,18-tris({2-[(sulfonatomethyl)amino]ethyl})-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaazacyclotricosan-21-yl]carbamoyl}propyl)amino]methanesulfonate
SMILES
CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCNCS([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCNCS([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCNCS([O-])(=O)=O)NC(=O)C(CCNCS([O-])(=O)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCNCS([O-])(=O)=O)NC1=O)C(C)O

References

General References
  1. FDA Approved Drug Products: Coly-Mycin (colistimethate) injection [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015243
PubChem Compound
70789202
PubChem Substance
46508586
ChemSpider
26329515
RxNav
2708
ChEBI
59662
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP001329
PharmGKB
PA164749509
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Colistin
FDA label
Download (66.2 KB)
MSDS
Download (50.4 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentCystic Fibrosis (CF)1
3CompletedPreventionCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis (NCFB)1
3CompletedTreatmentBacterial Infections1
3CompletedTreatmentBloodstream Infections (BSI) / Pneumonia1
3RecruitingTreatmentMental Health Issues1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • APP Pharmaceuticals
  • Ben Venue Laboratories Inc.
  • Draxis Specialty Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Monarch Pharmacy
  • Paddock Labs
  • X-Gen Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
OintmentOphthalmic
Solution / dropsOphthalmic
SolutionIntravenous150.000 mg
Powder, for solutionRespiratory (inhalation)
Powder, for solutionRespiratory (inhalation)1 Mio. I.E.
Powder, for solutionRespiratory (inhalation)2 Mio. I.E.
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Respiratory (inhalation)150 mg
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous4500.000 iu
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral1 Mio. I.E.
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral2 Mio. I.E.
Injection, powder, for suspensionIntravenous; Respiratory (inhalation)1 million IU
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous2 million IU
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous150 mg
PowderIntravenous; Respiratory (inhalation)150 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous160 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous; Respiratory (inhalation)80 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous; Respiratory (inhalation)2 million IU
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous1000.000 IU
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous150 mg/2mL
Injection, powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous150 mg/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous150 mg/4mL
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous150 mg/1
SolutionRespiratory (inhalation)80 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral78.74 mg
SolutionParenteral150.000 mg
CapsuleRespiratory (inhalation)1662500 IU
PowderRespiratory (inhalation)1662500 UI
Injection, powder, for solution
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous150 mg/2mL
Powder, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous150 mg / vial
Powder160 mg/1vial
SolutionParenteral360.000 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Respiratory (inhalation)
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous100000 IU
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous200000 IU
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntramuscular; Intravenous; Respiratory (inhalation)4500.000 iu
Injection, powder, for solutionIntrathecal; Intraventricular1000000 IU
Powder, for solutionRespiratory (inhalation)1000000 IU
Injection, powder, for solution150 mg/1vial
Powder150 mg/1vial
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Coly-mycin m 150 mg vial72.98USD vial
Colistimethate 150 mg vial57.0USD vial
Coly-Mycin S 3.3-3-10 mg/ml Suspension 5ml Bottle49.17USD bottle
Colistimethate For Injection 150 mg/vial35.42USD ml
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
water solubilityAppreciableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility4.17 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-1.2ALOGPS
logP-17Chemaxon
logS-2.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-4.3Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.06Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count33Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count18Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area706.71 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count44Chemaxon
Refractivity370.19 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability161.9 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings1Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption-0.8904
Blood Brain Barrier-0.8404
Caco-2 permeable-0.6453
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.7147
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.6292
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9498
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9643
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8963
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.7999
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.5172
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.7722
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7827
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8721
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7391
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9385
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9888
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.6102
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.5677
BiodegradationReady biodegradable0.9192
Rat acute toxicity2.6289 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.8368
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.6834
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-391.0198
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+392.74353
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+399.07245
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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1. Bacterial outer membrane
Kind
Group
Organism
Bacteria
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Incorporation into and destabilization
References
  1. Vaara M: Polymyxins and their novel derivatives. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2010 Oct;13(5):574-81. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.09.002. Epub 2010 Sep 24. [Article]
  2. Soon RL, Nation RL, Cockram S, Moffatt JH, Harper M, Adler B, Boyce JD, Larson I, Li J: Different surface charge of colistin-susceptible and -resistant Acinetobacter baumannii cells measured with zeta potential as a function of growth phase and colistin treatment. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Jan;66(1):126-33. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq422. Epub 2010 Nov 16. [Article]
  3. Evans ME, Feola DJ, Rapp RP: Polymyxin B sulfate and colistin: old antibiotics for emerging multiresistant gram-negative bacteria. Ann Pharmacother. 1999 Sep;33(9):960-7. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 28, 2024 03:23