Cupric sulfate

Identification

Summary

Cupric sulfate is a compound used as an intravenous copper supplement for Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).

Brand Names

Concept Ob, Multitrace-4, Multitrace-5, Multrys, Tandem Plus

Generic Name

Cupric sulfate

DrugBank Accession Number

DB06778

Background

Cupric sulfate is a salt created by treating cupric oxide with sulfuric acid. This forms as large, bright blue crystals containing five molecules of water (CuSO4∙5H2O) and is also known as blue vitriol. The anhydrous salt is created by heating the hydrate to 150 °C (300 °F). Cupric sulfate is used primarily for agricultural purposes, as a pesticide, germicide, feed additive, and soil additive. Some of its secondary uses are as a raw material in the preparation of other copper compounds, as a reagent in analytic chemistry, as an electrolyte for batteries and electroplating baths, and in medical practice as a locally applied fungicide, bactericide, and astringent ⁹.

Copper is an essential trace element and an important catalyst for heme synthesis and iron absorption. After zinc and iron, copper is the third most abundant trace element found in the human body. Copper is a noble metal and its properties include high thermal and electrical conductivity, low corrosion, alloying ability, and malleability. Copper is a component of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) and the release of copper is necessary for their important contraceptive effects. The average daily intake of copper in the USA is approximately 1 mg Cu with the diet being a primary source ⁵.

Interestingly, the dysregulation of copper has been studied with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Wilson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Data from clinical observations of the neurotoxic effects of copper may provide the basis for future treatments affecting copper and its homeostasis ¹⁵.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Structure

Download

MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI

Similar Structures

Structure for Cupric sulfate (DB06778)

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Weight

Average: 159.609
Monoisotopic: 158.881330257

Chemical Formula

CuO₄S

Synonyms

• Copper monosulfate
• Copper monosulphate
• Copper sulfate
• Copper sulfate (1:1)
• Copper sulphate
• Copper(2+) sulfate
• Copper(II) sulphate
• Cupric sulfate anhydrous
• Cupric sulfate, anhydrous
• Cupric sulphate anhydrous
• Cupric sulphate, anhydrous

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Pharmacology

Indication

Elemental use in copper deficiency ¹¹

Copper and copper containing compounds are broadly used in medical practice. Metallic copper is used already for many years in dental fillings and in copper intrauterine devices (IUD) for reversible contraception. Ointments containing copper, which release copper ions that are absorbed by the skin in the management of cramps, disturbances of renal function, peripheral, venous hypostatic circulatory disturbances, rheumatic disease and swelling associated with trauma. There are also cosmetic facial creams containing copper as their main active ingredient ¹³.

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Age Group	Patient Characteristics	Dose Form
Prophylaxis of	Copper deficiency		••••••••••••		••••• •••••••••• ••••••••• •••••••	•••••••••• ••••••••
Treatment of	Copper deficiency		••••••••••••		••••• •••••••••• ••••••••• •••••••	•••••••••• ••••••••

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Associated Therapies

• Skin disinfection

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Pharmacodynamics

Copper is an essential mineral that plays a key role in many physiological processes, including angiogenesis, skin generation and expression and stabilization of skin proteins. Copper is found naturally in many food sources including meats, vegetables, and grains. Copper has potent biocidal properties and is used to eliminate bacteria, viruses and parasites ¹³, ¹⁷.

Copper is one of the nine essential minerals for humans, as it plays an imperative role in various physiological pathways in basically all human tissue, as well as in the health of the dermis and epidermis ¹³.

In addition to the above, copper is essential in wound healing, as it promotes angiogenesis and skin extracellular matrix formation and stabilization ¹³.

Mechanism of action

This drug is an essential trace element for the functioning of many metalloenzymes including ceruloplasmin, ferroxidase II, lysyl oxidase, monoamine oxidase, Zn-copper superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and cytochrome-c-oxidase.

It is involved in erythropoiesis & leukopoiesis, bone mineralization, elastin and collagen cross-linking, oxidative phosphorylation, catecholamine metabolism, melanin formation & antioxidant protection of cells ¹³.

Cupric sulfate may also have a role in iron turnover, ascorbic acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, myelin formation, glucose homeostasis, and cellular immune defense ¹¹.

After the metal passes through the basolateral membrane it is transported to the liver, attached to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for the homeostasis of copper. The copper is then prepared for excretion through the bile or incorporation into various proteins. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular-weight complexes ¹⁴.

In the dermis, copper promotes dermal fibroblasts proliferation, upregulates collagen (types I, II, and V) and elastin fiber components (elastin, fibrillins) production by fibroblasts, through the induction of TGF-β, promotes heat shock protein-47, important for collagen fibril formation, serves as a cofactor of LOX enzyme required for extracellular matrix protein cross-linking, stabilizes the skin ECM once formed, as increased crosslinking of collagen and elastin matrices occurs in a copper dose dependant manner, serves as a cofactor of superoxide dismutase, an antioxidant enzyme in the skin, essential for protection against free radicals, inhibits cellular oxidative effects such as membrane damage and lipid peroxidation, acts as a cofactor of tyrosinase, a melanin biosynthesis essential enzyme responsible for skin and hair pigmentation ¹³.

In reference to its role as a biocide, copper is an essential nutrient for many organisms. It acts as a cofactor in respiration, and therefore copper is required for aerobic metabolism. Accumulation of copper ions or intracellular release of free copper ions from proteins lead to cell damage. Copper catalyzes reactions that result in the production of hydroxyl radicals through the Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions. The highly reactive oxygen intermediates lead to lipid peroxidation and oxidation of proteins. Free copper ions oxidize sulfhydryl groups, such as cysteine, in proteins or the cellular redox buffer glutathione. In particular, copper ions inactivate proteins by damaging Fe-S clusters in cytoplasmic hydratases ¹⁸.

Absorption

Primarily absorbed in the small intestine ¹¹.

Based on studies with radioactive isotopes of copper, most copper is absorbed from the stomach and duodenum of the gastrointestinal tract.

Maximum blood copper levels are observed within 1 to 3 hours following oral administration, and about 50 percent of ingested copper was absorbed. Copper absorption is proposed to occur by two mechanisms, one energy- dependent and the other enzymatic. Factors that can interfere with copper absorption include competition for binding sites with zinc, interactions with molybdenum and sulfates, chelation with phytates, and inhibition by ascorbic acid (vitamin C) ¹⁶.

Copper absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is transported rapidly to blood serum and deposited in the liver bound to metallothionein ¹⁶.

From 20 to 60% of the dietary copper is absorbed ⁸.

Volume of distribution

The body of a 70 kg healthy individual contains approximately 110 mg of copper, 50% of which is found in the bones and muscles, 15% in the skin, 15% in the bone marrow, 10% in the hepatic system, and 8% in the brain ¹³.

The distribution of copper is affected by sex, age, and the amount of copper in the diet. Brain and liver have the highest tissue levels (about one-third of the total body burden), with lesser concentrations found in the heart, spleen, kidneys, and blood. The iris and choroid of the eye have very high copper levels ¹⁶.

Erythrocyte copper levels are generally stable, however, plasma levels fluctuate widely in association with the synthesis and release of ceruloplasmin. Plasma copper levels during gestation may be 2-3 times levels measured before pregnancy, due to the increased synthesis of ceruloplasmin ¹⁶.

Protein binding

About 80 percent of the absorbed copper is bound to liver metallothionein; the remainder is incorporated into cytochrome c oxidase or sequestered by lysosomes ¹⁶.

The bioavailability of copper from the diet is about 65-70% depending on a variety of factors including chemical form, interaction with other metals, and dietary components ⁵.

Metabolism

Maximum blood copper levels were observed within 1 to 3 hours following oral administration, and about 50 percent of ingested copper was absorbed. Copper absorption is believed to occur by two mechanisms, one energy- dependent and the other enzymatic. Factors that can interfere with copper absorption include competition for binding sites with zinc, interactions with molybdenum and sulfates, chelation with phytates, and inhibition by ascorbic acid ¹⁶. Copper absorbed from the intestine is transported quickly into blood serum and deposited in the liver bound to metallothionein. It is released and incorporated into ceruloplasmin, a copper-specific transport protein. The remaining copper in the serum binds to albumin or amino acids or is contained in the erythrocytes. About 80 percent of the absorbed copper is bound to liver metallothionein; the remainder is included into cytochrome c oxidase or sequestered by lysosomes ¹⁶.

Route of elimination

This drug is 80% eliminated via the liver in bile. Minimal excretion by the kidney ¹¹. Metabolism studies show that persons with daily intakes of 2-5 mg of copper per day absorbed 0.6 to 1.6 mg (32%), excreted 0.5 to 1.3 mg in the bile, passed 0.1 to 0.3 mg directly into the bowel, and excreted 0.01 to 0.06 mg in the urine. As the data indicate, urinary excretion plays a negligible role in copper clearance, and the main route of excretion is in the bile. Other nonsignificant excretory routes include saliva, sweat, menstrual flow, and excretion into the intestine from the blood ¹⁶.

Half-life

The biological half-life of copper from the diet is 13-33 days with biliary excretion being the primary route of elimination ⁵.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 300 mg/kg in rats ^MSDS.

Copper sulfate ingestion (accidental or deliberate) is a rare form of poisoning usually limited to the Indian subcontinent. Though the rates are on the decline, it is essential that physicians are aware of its lethal complications and management strategies. The main complications of copper sulfate ingestion include intravascular hemolysis, methemoglobinaemia, acute kidney injury, and rhabdomyolysis ¹².

Severe gastrointestinal effects may occur with acute overdosage. In extreme or long-term overdosage, symptoms may be similar to those of Wilson's disease, a disease in which the liver does not filter copper adequately and copper accumulates in the liver, brain, eyes, and other organs. Gradually, high copper levels may cause life-threatening organ damage ¹¹.

Ingestion of more than 15 mg of copper has been reported to be toxic to humans. In a survey of human clinical case studies, 5.3 mg/day was the lowest oral dose at which local gastrointestinal irritation was seen. Ingestion of gram quantities of copper sulfate resulted in death by suicide, whereas less severe effects were reported from estimated copper doses of 40 to 50 mg from ingestion of carbonated beverages in contact with copper containers. Limited data are available on the chronic toxicity of copper. The hazard from dietary intakes of up to 5 mg/day appears to be low ¹⁶.

Treatment of cupric sulfate toxicity is symptomatic and may involve the use of a chelating agent (e.g. penicillamine, trientine and zinc) to remove any excessive metal that has been absorbed. In addition, dialysis may be useful ^10,11.

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Not Available

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Cupric sulfate pentahydrate	LRX7AJ16DT	7758-99-8	JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Active Moieties

Name	Kind	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Copper	unknown	789U1901C5	7440-50-8	RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cupric cation	ionic	8CBV67279L	15158-11-9	JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Sulfate ion	ionic	7IS9N8KPMG	14808-79-8	QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L

International/Other Brands

Gynoseptyl / Gynostad / Hi Trace Copper / Intense Copper / M-Care / Zyload

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Cupric Sulfate	Injection, solution	1.57 mg/1mL	Intravenous	American Regent	1990-09-30	2017-02-28
Micro Cu	Solution	0.4 mg / mL	Intravenous	Sandoz Canada Incorporated	1993-12-31	Not applicable

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Aquatec Alonglife	Solution	0.02475 mg/1mL	Topical	GRUPO TMA TECNOLOGIAS PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO DEL AGUA S.A. DE C.V.	2020-08-26	Not applicable
Nano - Q1	Solution	0.02475 mg/1mL	Topical	GRUPO TMA TECNOLOGIAS PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO DEL AGUA S.A. DE C.V.	2021-01-07	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
DAILY-ONE 45 FILM TABLET	Cupric sulfate (2 mg) + Ascorbic acid (90 mg) + Beta carotene (2000 IU) + Biotin (0.06 mg) + Calcium phosphate, tribasic (100 mg) + Calcium phosphate, tribasic (50 mg) + Choline bitartrate (3.9 mg) + Chromium nicotinate (0.13 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (0.015 mg) + Egg phospholipids (23 mg) + Ferrous fumarate (18 mg) + Folic acid (0.4 mg) + Inositol (3.9 mg) + Magnesium oxide (40 mg) + Manganese sulfate (3.5 mg) + Niacin (20 mg) + Pantothenic acid (20 mg) + Potassium Iodide (0.15 mg) + Potassium citrate (18 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (12 mg) + Riboflavin (10.2 mg) + Sodium selenite (0.07 mg) + Sodium molybdate (0.05 mg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (9 mg) + Vitamin A acetate (8000 IU) + Vitamin D (400 IU) + Vitamin E (60 IU) + Zinc gluconate (15 mg)	Tablet, film coated		FERROSAN SAĞLIK ÜRÜN VE HİZMETLERİ A.Ş.	1996-06-17	Not applicable
Dynamiclear Rapid	Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (40 mg/1mL) + Calendula officinalis flower (0.5 mg/1mL) + St. John's Wort (0.5 mg/1mL)	Liquid	Topical	RX PHARMA-PACK, INC.	2019-02-06	2022-12-31
Dynamiclear Rapid	Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (40 mg/1mL) + Calendula officinalis flower (0.5 mg/1mL) + St. John's Wort (0.5 mg/1mL)	Liquid	Topical	RX PHARMA-PACK, INC.	2019-02-06	2022-12-31
Earthpals Children's Chewables Multi-vitamin & Mineral Tablets	Cupric sulfate (1 mg / tab) + Ascorbic acid (30 mg / tab) + Beta carotene (1500 unit / tab) + Biotin (10 mcg / tab) + Calcium carbonate (125 mg / tab) + Cyanocobalamin (5 mcg / tab) + Folic acid (0.2 mg / tab) + Magnesium oxide (50 mg / tab) + Nicotinamide (10 mg / tab) + Calcium pantothenate (5 mg / tab) + Potassium Iodide (0.075 mg / tab) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (1 mg / tab) + Riboflavin (0.85 mg / tab) + Thiamine hydrochloride (0.75 mg / tab) + Vitamin A acetate (1000 unit / tab) + Vitamin D (200 unit / tab) + Vitamin E (12.5 unit / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Heritage	Not applicable	Not applicable
Eau Resolutive Soker	Cupric sulfate (28.925 mg / 30 g) + Camphor (.715 mg / 30 g) + Methylene blue (.1365 mg / 30 g) + Resorcinol (58.565 mg / 30 g) + Zinc sulfate (88.4 mg / 30 g)	Liquid	Topical	Produits Francais Labs Inc.	1930-12-31	1997-05-30

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Active OB	Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (30 ug/1) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (320 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (2 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (30 mg/1)	Capsule, liquid filled	Oral	Gm Pharmaceuticals	2013-10-28	2017-03-31
C-Nate DHA	Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (1 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (15 ug/1) + Ferrous fumarate (28 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium (30 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (200 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (3 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (20 mg/1)	Capsule, gelatin coated	Oral	Centurion Labs, LLC	2013-01-01	Not applicable
Cavan Heme OB	Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (0.8 mg/1) + Biotin (30 ug/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (28 mg/1) + Niacin (17 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (175 ug/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.6 mg/1) + Sodium selenate (65 ug/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.5 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (15 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol succinate (10 [iU]/1)	Tablet	Oral	Seton Pharmaceuticals	2010-08-03	2012-06-10
Centratex	Cupric sulfate (0.8 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (15 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (106 mg/1) + Magnesium sulfate (6.9 mg/1) + Manganese sulfate (1.3 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (30 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Riboflavin (6 mg/1) + Sodium ascorbate (200 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (10 mg/1) + Zinc sulfate, unspecified form (18.2 mg/1)	Capsule	Oral	Centurion Labs, LLC	2009-06-14	Not applicable
Concept DHA	Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (25 mg/1) + Biotin (300 ug/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12.5 ug/1) + Ferrous fumarate (17.5 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (17.5 mg/1) + Magnesium sulfate (5 mg/1) + Niacin (1.8 mg/1) + Omega-3-acid ethyl esters (200 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (5 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (2 mg/1) + Zinc sulfate, unspecified form (10 mg/1)	Capsule, liquid filled	Oral	U.S. Pharmaceutical Corporation	2009-06-24	Not applicable

Categories

ATC Codes

V03AB20 — Copper sulfate

• V03AB — Antidotes
• V03A — ALL OTHER THERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS
• V03 — ALL OTHER THERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS
• V — VARIOUS

Drug Categories

• Antidotes
• Autonomic Agents
• Central Nervous System Agents
• Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
• Emetics
• Gastrointestinal Agents
• Peripheral Nervous System Agents
• Protective Agents
• Replacement Preparations
• Sulfates
• Sulfur Acids
• Sulfur Compounds
• Sulfuric Acids

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal sulfates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a transition metal.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Mixed metal/non-metal compounds

Class

Transition metal oxoanionic compounds

Sub Class

Transition metal sulfates

Direct Parent

Transition metal sulfates

Alternative Parents

Inorganic oxides / Inorganic copper salts

Substituents

Inorganic copper salt / Inorganic oxide / Inorganic salt / Transition metal sulfate

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

metal sulfate (CHEBI:23414) / Copper fungicides (C18713)

Affected organisms

Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

KUW2Q3U1VV

CAS number

7758-98-7

InChI Key

ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L

InChI

InChI=1S/Cu.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2

IUPAC Name

copper(2+) sulfate

SMILES

[Cu++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

References

General References

1. Faure A, Mathon L, Poupelin JC, Allaouchiche B, Chassard D: [Acute cupric sulfate intoxication: pathophysiology and therapy about a case report]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2003 Jun;22(6):557-9. [Article]
2. Armstrong TA, Cook DR, Ward MM, Williams CM, Spears JW: Effect of dietary copper source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfate) and concentration on growth performance and fecal copper excretion in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci. 2004 Apr;82(4):1234-40. doi: 10.2527/2004.8241234x. [Article]
3. Hebert CD, Elwell MR, Travlos GS, Fitz CJ, Bucher JR: Subchronic toxicity of cupric sulfate administered in drinking water and feed to rats and mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Nov;21(4):461-75. [Article]
4. Lim J, Lawless HT: Oral sensations from iron and copper sulfate. Physiol Behav. 2005 Jun 30;85(3):308-13. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.04.018. [Article]
5. Barceloux DG: Copper. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37(2):217-30. [Article]
6. Cupric Sulfate [Link]
7. Copper Sulfate [Link]
8. Cupric Sulfate ToxNet [Link]
9. Cupric Sulfate, Britannica Online [Link]
10. Cupric Sulfate [Link]
11. Wilson Disease [Link]
12. Complications and management of acute copper sulphate poisoning; a case discussion [Link]
13. Using Copper to Improve the Well-Being of the Skin [Link]
14. Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principals [Link]
15. Abnormal Copper Homeostasis: Mechanisms and Roles in Neurodegeneration [Link]
16. Copper [Link]
17. Metallic Copper as an Antimicrobial Surface [Link]
18. Bacterial Killing by Dry Metallic Copper Surfaces [Link]

External Links

KEGG Compound

C18713

PubChem Compound

24462

PubChem Substance

347827794

ChemSpider

22870

RxNav

21579

ChEBI

23414

ChEMBL

CHEMBL604

Wikipedia

Copper(II)_sulfate

MSDS

Download (51 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Manganese Safety in Adults	1
4	Not Yet Recruiting	Treatment	Manganese Safety in Pediatric Patients	1
1	Completed	Other	Anemia	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Capsule, liquid filled	Oral
Drug delivery system	Cutaneous
Solution	Topical	0.02475 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	1.57 mg/1mL
Tablet, film coated
Capsule	Cutaneous; Oral
Liquid	Topical
Tablet, effervescent	Oral
Solution	Intravenous	0.4 mg / mL
Liquid	Intravenous
Solution	Intravenous
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intravenous
Capsule, liquid filled; kit; tablet, coated	Oral
Liquid	Oral
Tablet	Oral
Capsule, gelatin coated	Oral
Capsule	Oral
Tablet, film coated	Oral
Tablet, coated	Oral
Kit	Oral
Tablet, chewable	Oral
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral
Capsule

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)	Region
US11786548	No	2021-07-01	2041-07-01

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	590	MSDS
boiling point (°C)	650	MSDS
water solubility	Very soluble in hot water, soluble cold water	MSDS

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	45.7 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	-0.12	ALOGPS
logP	-0.84	Chemaxon
logS	-0.67	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	-3	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	-2	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	80.26 Å2	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	Chemaxon
Refractivity	11.53 m3·mol-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	5.81 Å3	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Chromatographic Properties

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Not Available

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Drug created at September 14, 2010 16:21 / Updated at April 18, 2024 09:15