Sitagliptin: Profile of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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Gallwitz B

Sitagliptin: Profile of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Drugs Today (Barc). 2007 Jan;43(1):13-25.

PubMed ID

17315049 [ View in PubMed

]

Abstract

Novel therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes are needed, since the current treatment options neither address all pathophysiological mechanisms nor achieve the glycemic target goals. A general islet-cell dysfunction including insulin- and glucagon-secretion defects contributes to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Improving islet function by incretin hormone action is a novel therapeutic approach. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are important incretin hormones contributing to 50-70% of the stimulation of insulin secretion after a meal. Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors inhibit the degradation of GLP-1 and GIP as well as that of other regulatory peptides. Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, is orally active and has been shown to be efficacious and safe in clinical studies. Sitagliptin has received approval in Mexico, the United States and other countries. Like other DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin reduces hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting and postprandial glucose by glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion. Sitagliptin is weight neutral. Indirect measures show a possible improvement of beta-cell function. Sitagliptin does not cause a higher rate of hypoglycemia in comparison to metformin or placebo. This article gives an overview of the mechanisms of action, pharmacology and clinical trial results of sitagliptin.

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Drug Targets

Drug	Target	Kind	Organism	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Sitagliptin	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Protein	Humans	Yes	Inhibitor	Details